用液相沉淀法或固相法合成Nd:GGG粉体并制备透明陶瓷

比较了用液相沉淀法或固相法合成的粉体以及最终制得的掺钕钆镓石榴石(neodymium-doped gadolinium gallium garnet,Nd:GGG)陶瓷的性能.结果表明:液相法合成的粉体粒度均匀、粒径小,经干压成型后、在1 650℃低真空(1.1×103Pa)状态下烧结2～3h得到一定透明度的Nd:GGG陶瓷.用固相法制备的粉体成型后、在1 750℃烧结2～3 h得到的Nd:GGG陶瓷完全不透明.测得半透明的Nd:GGG陶瓷的吸收光谱和荧光光谱,计算出807nm的峰值吸收截面为1.0×10-20cm2,最强发射峰在1061nm.     

沉淀法合成珊瑚状Nd：Y2O3超细粉体

在未添加任何表面活性剂及其它助剂的条件下,采用草酸沉淀法制备出珊瑚状的Nd：Y2O3超细粉体,并对其形成机理进行了分析。借助于TG-DTA、XRD、SEM等表征手段,研究了所得粉体的相组成和微观结构。结果表明：片状的沉淀前驱体在600℃煅烧2h直接生成珊瑚状的Nd：Y2O3超细粉体,珊瑚体表面由紧密堆积的颗粒构成,颗粒平均粒径约为130nm。随着煅烧温度的升高,粉体平均粒径逐渐变大,800℃煅烧2h所得粉体的平均粒径约为150nm。     

溶胶-凝胶和冷冻干燥法制备Nd∶YAG纳米粉体及透明陶瓷的制备

本文以异丙醇铝,醋酸钇和醋酸钕为原料,用溶胶-凝胶和冷冻干燥法制备了Nd3+原子掺杂浓度为1.0％的Nd:YAG粉体.利用X-射线衍射仪和透射电镜对粉体的物相组成和粒度进行了分析测试,结果表明,前驱体经900℃高温煅烧2h后已完全转变为纯YAG相,平均粒径为40nm左右.随着煅烧温度的升高,粒径逐渐增大.采用热压和热等静压相结合工艺烧结出尺寸为φ50 mm ×2.5 mm的Nd∶YAG透明陶瓷,样品1064 nm的透过率为82.5％.     

共沉淀法制备掺钕钇铝石榴石透明陶瓷:滴加方式的影响

用共沉淀法正滴和反滴工艺制备了掺钕钇铝石榴石(Nd:YAG)粉体.测试了粉体的相组成、显微形貌,粒度分布.结果表明:经1100℃煅烧后,正滴工艺得到粉体主相为YAG(Y3Al5O12),但有少量的YAM(Y4Al2O9),反滴工艺则得到纯的YAG.晶粒尺寸分别为24.7 nm和26.6 nm,平均粒径分别为1.26μm...     

共沉淀法制备纳米镁铬尖晶石粉体

镁铬尖晶石具有较高的熔点而被广泛应用于耐火材料中。而常规镁铬尖晶石粉体因烧结温度较高，铬蒸发而使得耐火材料的致密度难以提高。为改善镁铬耐火材料的烧结性能，进行了纳米镁铬尖晶石粉体的研究：以Cr(NO3)3，Mg(NO3)2，PEG-400和CO(NH2)2为原料，采用共沉淀法获得了铬酸镁纳米粉(nc2o3：nMgo=1：1)的前驱体，经过超临界流体干燥(SCFD)制备出镁铬二元纳米气凝胶，经600℃煅烧后获得了纳米级立方相镁铬尖晶石粉体。经XRD，DSC-TG，BET和透射电镜分析，结果表明：前驱体纳米粉的比表面积为350～780m^2／g，平均粒径为1～2nm，煅烧后的纳米粉的比表面积为36～65m^2／g，平均粒径为5～10nm。     

湿化学法制备α-Al2O3纳米粉

以分析纯硫酸铝铵和碳酸氢铵为原料,采用湿化学法制备单分散超细NH4Al2(OH)2CO3先驱沉淀物,在1100℃下灼烧得到平均粒径为20nm的α-Al2O3纳米粉体.对粉体进行了扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积(BET)、热重(TG)、差热(DTA)、粒度分布等表征,此法获得的粉体无明显团聚,粒度分布均匀,颗粒尺寸小,其煅烧温度比通常低100℃左右.     

基于高温熔融盐法合成纳米氧化钕及其性能研究

本研究以Nd_2O_3为原料,在熔融盐Na NO_3、KNO_3中合成了纳米氧化钕,并探究了熔盐比例、灼烧时间和灼烧温度对产物的影响。采用激光粒度分析仪、透射电镜分别检测了纳米氧化钕的粒径、形貌。实验结果表明,当Na NO_3:Nd(OH)_3的质量比例为1:1,灼烧温度350℃,灼烧2 h时得到的纳米氧化钕为最佳,粒径分布较均,团聚较少,得到粒径主要分布在20~40 nm之间,呈近似圆形状。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Nd:YAG纳米粉体

以Al(NO3)3.9H2O、Y(NO3)3.6H2O、Nd(NO3)3.6H2O为主要原料,C6H8O7.H2O为燃烧剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Nd:YAG纳米粉体,系统的研究了Nd:YAG纳米粉体的最佳制备条件。用X射线衍射和红外吸收光谱对其进行物相鉴定,表明在800℃煅烧2h就可以合成YAG粉末。用荧光光谱分析可知800℃制得的粉体在243nm处有一显著的激发谱带,在728nm处有一显著的发射谱带,粉体具有良好的荧光性能。用激光粒度仪分析可知所得粉体分散性良,平均粒度在147.7nm左右。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备超细PbTiO3铁电粉体

本文应用溶胶-凝胶法成功合成了超细钛酸铅(PbTiO3)粉体。经350℃预热处理1h,然后分别在700℃和800℃烧成并保温2h。试样XRD和AFM分析表明,试验获得纯的四方结构的粉体,粉体的平均粒子尺寸分别为30.0nm和30.9nm,c/a比分别为1.061和1.062,粉体的粘连度很小。     

凝胶-燃烧法制备掺钕四硼酸铝钇纳米粉体

以硝酸盐为原料、柠檬酸为络合剂,采用凝胶-燃烧法成功制备出了掺钕的四硼酸铝钇[Nd3 :YAl3(BO3)4,Nd:YAB]纳米粉体.分别采用热重-差热分析、X射线衍射、Fourier变换红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜表征了不同温度下焙烧所得粉体的物相、形貌以及前驱体热分解特性.结果表明:Nd:YAB的最低合成温度为1000 ℃,与固相合成方法的最低合成温度相比降低了200 ℃.在反应过程中,首先形成中间相Al4B2O9,YBO3和Y3Al5O12,而最终形成单相的Nd:YAB.在1000 ℃合成Nd:YAB粉体的晶粒尺寸比较均匀,平均粒径为89.3nm.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。