Effects of milk products fermented by Bifidobacterium longum on blood lipids in rats and healthy adult male volunteers

The effects of milk products fermented by Bifidobacterium longum strain BL1, a probiotic strain, on blood lipids in rats and humans were studied. Rats were fed a cholesterol-enriched experimental diet, supplemented with lyophilized powders of 1) acid milk (control), 2) milk fermented with a mixed culture of ordinary yogurt starters composed of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (SL), and 3) bifidobacterium milk fermented with the probiotic B. longum strain BL1, respectively. The bifidobacterium milk feeding brought about significant lowering of the serum concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides, in comparison with the control, while no change in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration was observed. On the other hand, supplementation with SL milk resulted in only slight, nonsignificant decreases in serum lipid concentrations in comparison with the control. In the human study, 32 subjects with serum total cholesterol ranging from 220 to 280 mg/dl were randomly assigned to two treatments: 1) intake of a low-fat drinking yogurt prepared with ordinary yogurt starters composed of S. thermophilus and L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (P-group) and 2) intake of a low-fat drinking yogurt prepared with the two ordinary yogurt starters plus B. longum strain BL1 (B-group). After intake for 4 wk at 3 x 100 ml/day, reduction of serum total cholesterol was observed in approximately half of the B-group subjects; a particularly significant decrease in serum total cholesterol was found among subjects with moderate hypercholesterolemia (serum total cholesterol > 240 mg/dl). However, the serum lipid concentrations in the P-group subjects were almost stable during the experimental periods. The present results indicate the potential of the probiotic B. longum strain BL1 in serum lipid improvement.     

Beneficial effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus hsryfm 1301 fermented milk on rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

A growing stream of research suggests that probiotic fermented milk has a good effect on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. This work aimed to study the beneficial effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus hsryfm 1301 fermented milk (fermented milk) on rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease induced by a high-fat diet. The results showed that the body weight and the serum levels of total cholesterol, total glyceride, low-density lipoprotein, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, free fatty acid, and reactive oxygen species were significantly increased in rats fed a high-fat diet (M) for 8 wk, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and superoxide dismutase were significantly decreased. However, the body weight and the serum levels of total cholesterol, total glyceride, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, free fatty acid, reactive oxygen species, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 were significantly decreased with fermented milk (T) for 8 wk, and the number of fat vacuoles in hepatocytes was lower than that in the M group. There were significant differences in 19 metabolites in serum between the M group and the C group (administration of nonfermented milk) and in 17 metabolites between the T group and the M group. The contents of 7 different metabolites, glycine, glycerophosphocholine, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, thioetheramide-PC, d-aspartic acid, oleic acid, and l-glutamate, were significantly increased in the M group rat serum, and l-palmitoyl carnitine, N6-methyl-l-lysine, thymine, and 2-oxadipic acid were significantly decreased. In the T group rat serum, the contents of 8 different metabolites—1-O-(cis-9-octadecenyl)-2-O-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, acetylcarnitine, glycine, glycerophosphocholine, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, d-aspartic acid, oleic acid, and l-glutamate were significantly decreased, whereas creatinine and thymine were significantly increased. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that 50 metabolic pathways were enriched in the M/C group and T/M group rat serum, of which 12 metabolic pathways were significantly different, mainly distributed in lipid metabolism, amino acid, and endocrine system metabolic pathways. Fermented milk ameliorated inflammation, oxygenation, and hepatocyte injury by regulating lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolic pathways, and related metabolites in the serum of rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.     

植物乳杆菌发酵乳对小鼠降胆固醇作用

目的:利用从泡菜中分离的一株植物乳杆菌制备发酵乳并研究其降血脂功能。方法:采用该植物乳杆菌混合市售发酵剂制备发酵乳,发酵剂与植物乳杆菌接种量分别为0.05%(V/V)和2%(V/V),发酵温度为37 ℃,时间14 h。采用高血脂模型小鼠研究发酵乳的降血脂功能,将30只小鼠随机分成正常组、对照组和发酵乳组3 组,正常组喂基础饲料,对照组和发酵乳组喂高脂饲料,正常组和对照组灌胃生理盐水,发酵乳组灌胃发酵乳,正常组和对照组小鼠饲养14 d后采血,检测血清中的TC、TG含量,小鼠饲养28 d后,测定血清中的TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C含量以及肝脏中的TC、TG含量。结果表明:所得发酵乳具有清香、口感好的特点;动物实验显示,小鼠饲养14 d后,与正常组相比,对照组血清中的TC、TG含量显著升高(p<0.05),表明高脂模型诱导成功;28 d后,发酵组小鼠血清和肝脏中的总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)与对照组相比显著降低(p<0.05)。微生物检验结果表明,肝脏中没有发现乳酸菌,发酵乳在小鼠体内不会发生肝肠易位现象。结论:含有植物乳杆菌的发酵乳对高脂小鼠具有一定的降血脂功能,可以使小鼠血清和肝脏中的总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)显著降低(p<0.05)。     

Serum Cholesterol Levels in Rats Fed Skim Milk Fermented by Lactobacillus Acidophilus

The effects of reconstituted skim milk, and the same fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus, were tested in rats. Rats were fed a stock diet and drinking water containing one of three milk treatments: (1) no supplementary milk; (2) 10% milk; or (3) 10% milk fermented by L. acidophilus. After 4 wk, rats receiving the fermented milk had lower (P < 0.05) serum cholesterol levels (65 mg/dl) than did the water-fed (78 mg/dl) or milk-fed (79 mg/dl) rats. Weight gain, feed intake, liver lipid contents and fecal lactobacilli counts were not different among treatment groups. Data indicate that factors influencing serum cholesterol levels were produced during fermentation of the milk.     

Effect of fermented milk prepared with two probiotic strains on Japanese cedar pollinosis in a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical study

There has been much interest in the potential of using probiotic bacteria for treating allergic diseases. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of Lactobacillus GG (LGG) and L. gasseri TMC0356 (TMC0356) in alleviating Japanese cedar pollinosis (JCP), a seasonal allergic rhinitis caused by Japanese cedar pollen. Fermented milk prepared with the tested bacteria or placebo yoghurt was administered to 40 subjects with a clinical history of JCP for 10 weeks. Subjective symptoms, self-care measures and blood samples were compared between the two groups. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from seven patients with JCP and in vitro cytokine production by the isolated PBMCs was analysed in the presence of heat-killed lactic acid bacteria. Consumption of the fermented milk significantly decreased the mean symptom score for nasal blockage after 9 weeks (P<0.05) and mean symptom-medication scores after 9 and 10 weeks when compared with the placebo group (P<0.01 and P<0.05 respectively). The tested strains of lactic acid bacteria affected cytokine production by isolated PBMCs in vitro in a strain-dependent manner. LGG significantly inhibited IL-4 and IL-5 production by PBMCs stimulated by both Cry j 1 and PHA. TMC0356 only suppressed IL-5 production stimulated by PHA. The fermented milk prepared with LGG and TMC0356 might be beneficial in JCP because of its effect on nasal blockage. The effects of LGG and TMC0356 might arise at least partly from their specific down-regulation of the human Th2 immune response.     

玉米副产物发酵饮料对链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病小鼠糖脂代谢的改善作用

目的:本实验研究玉米副产物发酵饮料（corn by-product fermented beverage,CPFB）对糖尿病小鼠糖脂代谢的改善作用。方法:采用高脂饲料联合链脲佐菌素（STZ）建立糖尿病小鼠模型,分为正常对照组（NC）,模型对照组（MC）、高剂量组（H-CPFB,0.1 mL/10 g·bw）、中剂量组（M-CPFB,0.05 mL/10 g·bw）、低剂量组（L-CPFB,0.025 mL/10 g·bw）、自由饮用组（F-CPFB）和阳性对照组（PC,150 mg/kg盐酸二甲双胍）。实验期间每7 d测定空腹血糖水平（FBG）、体重。连续28 d灌胃不同剂量的发酵饮料后测定口服糖耐量（OGTT）、血清中总胆固醇（TG）、总甘油三酯（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、游离脂肪酸（NEFA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）及肝脏中谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）水平。结果:玉米副产物发酵饮料能够极显著降低模型小鼠空腹血糖水平（P<0.01）,其中F-CPFB组效果最优,血糖值下降了44.6%;能够减缓糖尿病带来的体重负增长;使口服糖耐量得到缓解（P<0.01）;能够极显著降低血清中脂质水平（P<0.01）,其中H-CPFB组降低TC水平至6.00±1.13 nmol/L,与NC组无明显差异;极显著降低血清中丙二醛含量并极显著提高超氧化物歧化酶活力（P<0.01）;极显著降低肝脏中谷草转氨酶水平（P<0.01）,其中H-CPFB组的效果优于其余组,下降了约21.89%,并缓解糖尿病引起的肝损伤。结论:玉米副产物发酵饮料对高脂饲料联合链脲佐菌素建立的糖尿病小鼠模型具有显著降低空腹血糖水平,调节糖脂代谢及缓解肝损伤能力。     

不同铬源对肉鸡生长、脏器指数及血液生化指标的影响

研究在肉鸡饲粮中添加不同铬源对肉鸡生长、脏器指数及血清生化指标的影响。结果表明:(1)酵母铬组料重比最低,较对照组和吡啶甲酸铬组差异显著(P<0.05),与蛋氨酸铬组差异不显著(P>0.05);不同铬源对肉仔鸡成活率影响差异不明显(P>0.05)。(2)酵母铬源能显著提高肉仔鸡腹脂率(P<0.05)。酵母铬组较吡啶甲酸铬组能显著提高脾脏指数(P<0.05);酵母铬组、蛋氨酸铬组较对照组和吡啶甲酸铬组能显著降低心脏相对重(P<0.05)。(3)对肉鸡血清生化指标影响都有提高趋势,除对甘油三酯影响差异不显著外(P>0.05),其中吡啶甲酸铬和蛋氨酸铬能显著提高血清中白蛋白、总胆固醇、总蛋白和血糖水平,并且蛋氨酸铬还能显著提高血清中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平。     

杏仁肽对高脂血症大鼠辅助降血脂的功能研究

目的 探究杏仁肽对高脂血症模型大鼠是否具有辅助降血脂作用。方法 采用高脂饲料形成大鼠混合型高脂血症动物模型,将健康雄性40只SD大鼠随机分为5组,分别为空白对照组、高脂血症模型组和杏仁肽低、中、高剂量组(0.4、0.8和1.6 g/kg BW)。空白对照组每日给予维持饲料,其余各组每日给予高脂饲料。连续经口给予受试物30d,测定大鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)含量。结果 模型对照组和空白对照组比较,大鼠血清TG、TC及 LDL-C水平升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),判定混合型高脂血症动物模型成立。与模型对照组比较,杏仁肽低剂量组血清TC降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),同时杏仁肽各剂量组血清TG水平不显著高于模型对照组(P>0.05),杏仁肽各剂量组血清HDL-C水平不显著低于模型对照组(P>0.05)。结论 在一定剂量下,杏仁肽具有辅助降血脂功能。     

Effect of Lactobacillus-fermented adlay-based milk on lipid metabolism of hamsters fed cholesterol-enriched diet

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of adlay milk and adlay-soymilk fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum or Lactobacillus paracasei on lipid metabolism in hamsters fed with a cholesterol-enriched diet. Adlay milk and fermented adlay milk with or without soymilk administered to hamsters significantly decreased (p < 0.05) serum cholesterol levels and ratio of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, when compared to a high-cholesterol diet group; there was also a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the level of fecal cholesterol and triglycerides. The group administered adlay milk fermented with L. plantarum or L. paracasei presented increased superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant status activity in the blood, thus relieving the levels of thinobarbituric acid reactive substances as compared to other treatment groups. Adlay milk and Lactobacillus-fermented adlay milk with or without a soymilk supplement, could be used as a potential cholesterol-lowering ingredient; it could also relieve hyperlipidemia-induced oxidative stress to improve hypercholesterolemia.     

Influence of dietary supplementation with Bacillus-fermented adlay on lipid metabolism, antioxidant status and intestinal microflora in hamsters

BACKGROUND: The effects of polished and dehulled Bacillus‐fermented adlay on lipid metabolism, antioxidant status and intestinal microflora were examined in hyperlipidaemic hamsters fed a high‐cholesterol diet. RESULTS: Hamsters administered Bacillus‐fermented adlay experienced significantly reduced (P < 0.05) serum and hepatic total cholesterol (by 37–43% and 42–49% respectively) and triglyceride (by 22–27% and 30–35% respectively) levels compared with the high‐cholesterol group. Lower low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratios in serum and increased cholesterol (by 47–52%) and triglyceride (by 40–47%) contents in faeces were also observed. Bacillus‐fermented adlay lowered the levels of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances, thus increasing total antioxidant and superoxide dismutase activities. In particular, polished Bacillus‐fermented adlay had satisfactory antioxidant activity, similar to that of commercially available natto. Moreover, hamsters fed Bacillus‐fermented adlay harboured greater populations of lactic acid bacteria, few coliforms and little Clostridium perfringens. CONCLUSION: This study has shown that changes in lipid metabolism, antioxidant status and intestinal microflora can be greatly modulated by Bacillus‐fermented adlay, suggesting potential novel approaches to the treatment of primary cardiovascular and intestinal diseases. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

大豆活性肽对肥胖小鼠降脂作用的研究

本实验采用大豆活性肽对ICR小鼠进行实验,分为正常对照组、高脂模型组、大豆肽剂量组,灌胃剂量分别为200、400、800 mg/kg低、中、高三个剂量,通过分析小鼠体重及血脂的变化分析了大豆活性肽对高脂诱导引起的小鼠肥胖和血脂代谢异常的影响。试验结果表明,高脂模型组小鼠在灌胃高剂量的大豆活性肽后,其体重、Lee’s指数、摄食量、肝脏及脂肪组织重量均显著降低（P<0.05）;小鼠血清中总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）含量显著下降（P<0.05）,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）显著性升高（P<0.05）;小鼠肝脏中TC含量显著下降（P<0.05）,而粪便中TC含量显著增加（P<0.05）。与正常对照组相比,高剂量组的小鼠体重、Lee’s指数、摄食量、肝脏重量、脂肪系数、TC、TG、LDL-C,HDL-C均无显著性差异（P>0.05）,而粪便中TC含量显著增加（P<0.05）。肝脏组织切片结果表明,大豆活性肽能减轻肝脏的脂肪变性程度,且高剂量组的改善效果最明显。因此,大豆活性肽具有很好的降脂作用。     

利用燕麦麸脂肪模拟物制作的发酵香肠对大鼠血脂水平及血清抗氧化性能的影响

本实验旨在研究利用燕麦麸脂肪模拟物制作的发酵香肠（oat bran-supplemented fat simulant,OBFS）与 传统发酵香肠（traditional fermented sausage,TFS）对正常大鼠血脂水平及血清抗氧化性能的影响。选取平均体质 量为（70±2）g的健康Sprague-Dawley（SD）大鼠51 只,随机分成3 组,各组分别饲喂在基础饲料中添加0%（质 量分数,下同）的OBFS及TFS（基础组）、20%的TFS（对照组）、20%的OBFS（实验组）的饲料,分别在第0、 3、6、9周测定大鼠的空腹血清总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）、甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）、低密度脂蛋白 胆固醇（low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C）、丙二醛（malonaldehyde,MDA）含量、氧化低密度脂蛋白（oxidized low density lipoprotein,ox-LDL） 质量浓度以及超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）水平。结果显示：与基础组相比,实验组大鼠的 采食量在第6、9周时显著降低（P＜0.05）,体质量在第3周时显著升高（P＜0.05）,第6、9周时无显著性差异 （P＞0.05）;TC、TG、LDL-C含量在第3、6、9周时偏低,HDL-C含量在第6周时显著降低（P＜0.05）,第3、9 周时无显著性差异（P＞0.05）;ox-LDL质量浓度、MDA含量在第3、6、9周时无显著性差异（P＞0.05）,SOD 水平在第9周时显著升高（P＜0.05）。与对照组相比,实验组大鼠的采食量在第3、6、9周时偏低,体质量在第9 周时显著降低（P＜0.05）,TC、TG、LDL-C含量在第3、6、9周时无显著性差异（P＞0.05）,HDL-C含量偏高, ox-LDL质量浓度在第3周时显著升高（P＜0.05）,MDA含量在第3、6、9周无显著性差异（P＞0.05）,SOD水平 在第9周时显著升高（P＜0.05）。证明相比于TFS而言,OBFS具有抑制食欲、控制体质量、促进血清中胆固醇及 TG的排除和增强血清清除自由基及抗氧化活性的作用。     

骆驼乳对非酒精性脂肪肝小鼠糖脂代谢的影响

目的：探究骆驼乳对高脂高糖高胆固醇饮食诱导的非酒精性脂肪性肝病(Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease,NAFLD)小鼠糖脂代谢的影响。方法：将50只C57BL6/J雄性小鼠随机分为对照组(NC)、模型组(Mod)、对照骆驼乳组(NCM,3 g·kg^-1 bw)、骆驼乳组(CaM,3 g·kg^-1 bw)和水飞蓟素组(PC,200 mg·kg^-1 bw)。试验12周,建立NAFLD模型,骆驼乳组和水飞蓟素组小鼠在每日固定时间分别灌胃相应剂量的骆驼乳和水飞蓟素。通过测定小鼠体重、空腹血糖、血清生化指标、胰岛素抵抗指数、胰岛素敏感指数、经口葡萄糖耐量及胰岛素耐量,探讨骆驼乳对高脂高糖高胆固醇饮食诱导的NAFLD小鼠糖脂代谢的影响。结果：骆驼乳能显著抑制NAFLD小鼠体重和血糖的升高,并且可以显著降低小鼠血清中总甘油三酯(total triglycerides,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein chole...     

不同类型植物甾醇对蛋鸡脂类代谢的影响

旨在研究不同类型植物甾醇对蛋鸡脂类代谢的影响。选用72只30周龄伊莎褐蛋鸡,随机分为3组,每组8个重复,每重复3只。试验分组如下:(1)对照组,饲喂基础日粮;(2)天然植物甾醇组(NP),饲喂基础日粮+22.2 mg/kg天然植物甾醇(纯度为90%,植物甾醇净含量为20 mg/kg);(3)水溶性植物甾醇组(WP),饲喂基础日粮+50 mg/kg水溶性植物甾醇(纯度为40%,植物甾醇净含量为20 mg/kg)。试验为期8周。结果表明,添加2种植物甾醇使第4周血清三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量较对照组均有降低的趋势(P<0.1);WP组第4周脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)、肝脂酶(HL)和总酯酶(TL)活性较对照组有提高趋势,NP组血清HL活性也有提高的趋势(P<0.1),但在第8周各组均无显著差异;WP组第8周的蛋黄胆固醇含量显著低于NP组(P<0.05),而NP组与对照组差异不显著。本试验结果提示2种植物甾醇均有降低血脂和提高脂蛋白代谢酶活性的趋势,且此趋势随着时间的延长而逐渐消失,但对蛋黄胆固醇沉积无显著影响,只有WP在饲喂一段时间后有一定降低作用。     

复合红曲胶囊辅助大鼠降血脂作用研究

目的 通过大鼠脂代谢紊乱模型法评价复合红曲胶囊辅助降血脂的作用。方法 雄性 SD 大鼠 40 只, 根据血清胆固醇(TC)及甘油三酯(TG)水平随机分为4组, 即3个剂量组和1个高脂饲料对照组, 连续灌胃30 d。实验期末取眼眶空腹血测定 TC、TG 和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平。结果 低、中、高剂量组大鼠血清TG 水平明显低于高脂对照组(P<0.01)。低剂量组大鼠血清 TC 水平明显低于高脂对照组(P<0.05)。低、中、高剂量组大鼠血清 HDL-C 水平明显高于高脂对照组(P<0.01)。 结论 在本实验条件下, 复合红曲胶囊具有辅助降血脂的作用。     

鲑鱼油软胶囊辅助降血脂的人体作用研究

目的研究鲑鱼油软胶囊对人体辅助降血脂的作用。方法对照组和试食组志愿者均为60人。试食前两组人群的年龄、精神状况、睡眠情况、饮食情况等基本一致。血清总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、血清甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)均无显著性差异(P0.05),试食组和对照组分别食用鲑鱼油软胶囊和安慰剂,每日2次,每次1粒。连续服用60 d。结果试食组连续服用鲑鱼油软胶囊60 d后,血清TC和TG试食组自身前后比较及与对照组的组间比较,差异均有显著性(P0.01);血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)含量试食组自身前后比较及与对照组的组间比较,差异均有显著性(P0.05和P0.01)。试食组总有效率为29.6%,显著高于对照组(P0.01)。结论鲑鱼油软胶囊产品对人体具有辅助降血脂的保健功能。     

Effect of Polysaccharide from Auricularia auricula on Blood Lipid Metabolism and Lipoprotein Lipase Activity of ICR Mice Fed a Cholesterol-Enriched Diet

ABSTRACT:  Polysaccharides from Auricularia auricula (AAP) extracted in hot water and precipitated by ethanol were chemically well defined, including 42.5% total carbohydrate, 19.6% uronic acids, 15.8% sulfate groups, 1.7% N, and 20.3% ash. Gas chromatography analysis demonstrated that the neutral sugars were mainly composed of rhamnose, xylose, and glucose and smaller amounts of mannose, galactose, and arabinose. The present study was designed to investigate the antioxidant capacity of AAP on blood lipid metabolism and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in ICR mice fed cholesterol-enriched diet (CED) for the 1st time. Furthermore, the relationship between the atherosclerotic index (AI) and LPL activity to total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was studied. Thirty-six ICR mice were randomly assigned to 3 groups ( n = 12). The mice in control group (NG) received regular diet and the mice in model group (MG) received CED; these 2 groups were provided with distilled water by oral gavage. The experimental group (EG) was fed CED with oral gavage of AAP (120 mg/kg/d body weight) for an 8-wk period. After 2, 4, 6, and 8 wk, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) levels of the serum were determined by enzymatic methods. The results indicated that the polysaccharides significantly lowered the concentrations of serum TC and LDL-C compared with the CED control group ( P < 0.05). Moreover, oral administration of polysaccharides significantly improved TAC, LPL activity, and decreased MDA level, as well as AI. These conclusions revealed the beneficial effects of AAP on the preventive actions against hypercholesterolemia.     

大果山楂发酵液改善高脂饮食小鼠肥胖指标和肠道菌群多样性

研究大果山楂发酵液对高脂饮食小鼠体质量、体脂肪、血脂及肠道菌群的影响。将32只C57BL/6雄性小鼠随机分为4组：正常组、高脂饮食组、低浓度大果山楂发酵液组和高浓度大果山楂发酵液组,处理12周,测定相关肥胖指标和肠道菌群。结果表明,大果山楂发酵液可抑制由高脂饮食导致的体质量、内脏脂肪指数和肝脏指数增加;降低高脂饮食小鼠总胆固醇（TC）、肝甘油三酯（TG）和低密度脂蛋白（LDL）含量;增加高脂饮食小鼠肠道菌群丰度和多样性,提高拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）相对丰度,降低厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）相对丰度;8种菌的相对丰度在高脂饮食组和大果山楂发酵液组差异显著（P＜0.05）。     

匙羹藤酸调节仓鼠血脂机理的研究

目的:研究匙羹藤酸对高脂仓鼠血脂的调节作用,并初步探究匙羹藤酸调节血脂水平的机理。方法:将40只雄性仓鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组和匙羹藤酸低(20 mg/kg BW/d)、中(40 mg/kg BW/d)、高剂量组(80 mg/kg BW/d),正常对照组饲喂正常饲料,其余各组均饲喂高脂饲料,连续喂养8周。每两周称量一次体重,每四周眼眶静脉取血一次,用来检测不同阶段仓鼠血清中的血脂水平,8周后股动脉取血用于检测肝损伤指标谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)水平,胆固醇代谢相关调控酶羟甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A还原酶(HMGCR)、胆固醇7α羟化酶(CYP7A1)、胆固醇酰基转移酶(ACAT)的酶活,并取肝小叶进行检测肝脏中HMGCR的酶活。结果:干预前,各组仓鼠血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(non-HDL-C)水平均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。干预8周后,匙羹藤酸剂量组仓鼠血清中TC、TG、non-HDL-C极显著低于模型对照组(P<0.01);匙羹藤酸剂量组的ALT、AST水平极显著低于模型对照组(P<0.01);匙羹藤酸中、高剂量组HMGCR的活性显著低于模型组(P<0.05),匙羹藤酸中、高剂量组CYP7A1活性显著高于模型组(P<0.05)。结论:匙羹藤酸可以通过抑制HMGCR的活性来降低高脂仓鼠胆固醇的合成,提高CYP7A1的活性来增加胆固醇的排泄,来调节高脂膳食仓鼠血脂水平,因此匙羹藤酸具有降脂、保护肝脏的作用。     

驴乳抑制胰岛素抵抗形成与氨基酸代谢的相关性

目的探讨驴乳(donkeymilk,DM)抑制高脂饮食诱导的胰岛素抵抗形成与氨基酸代谢的相关性。方法将36只C57BL/6N小鼠随机分为空白对照(Con)组,高脂饮食(high fat diet, HFD)组和HFD+驴乳组。给予空白对照组小鼠普通饲料及生理盐水灌胃, HFD组给予高脂饲料及生理盐水灌胃, HFD+驴乳组给予高脂饲料,并且每天按0.1 mL/10 g驴乳灌胃。饮食和驴乳干预8周后,检测各组小鼠血糖血脂水平和胰岛素敏感性,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定小鼠血浆靶标氨基酸含量,结合SIMCA-P软件对氨基酸数据进行PLS-DA分析,并分析变化的靶标氨基酸与血糖血脂水平的相关性。结果高脂饮食诱导8周,与Con组小鼠相比,HFD组小鼠体重、随机血糖(glucose, GLU)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol, TC)水平、口服葡萄糖耐量(oral glucose tolerancetest,OGTT)曲线下面积、胰岛素耐量曲线下面积和空腹血清胰岛素水平显著升高(P0.05),胰岛素敏感指数下降(P0.05)。与HFD组相比, HFD+驴乳组体重、GLU、TC和甘油三酯(triglyceride, TG)水平、OGTT曲线下面积显著降低(P0.05)。与空白对照组小鼠比较,HFD组小鼠血清中丙氨酸、半胱氨酸、脯氨酸、甲硫氨酸含量升高,赖氨酸含量降低(P0.05);与HFD组比较,HFD+驴乳组中的半胱氨酸含量显著降低(P0.01)。PLS-DA分析结果显示驴乳给予后小鼠血清氨基酸代谢谱较模型组发生了显著变化。Pearson相关分析显示,脯氨酸、甲硫氨酸和半胱氨酸分别与空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose, FBG)、GLU、TC水平呈显著性正相关(P0.05)。结论驴乳能够延缓高脂饮食诱导小鼠胰岛素抵抗的发生,并且驴乳能够影响胰岛素抵抗小鼠的血清氨基酸代谢谱,被改变的半胱氨酸、脯氨酸、甲硫氨酸的代谢与胰岛素抵抗的发生发展密切相关。