先导级带环形间隙阻尼的水压溢流阀的开发

针对水液压传动中水介质黏度低、水压溢流阀阀芯和阀套之间难以形成有效润滑膜的特点，设计一种先导级带有环形间隙阻尼的水压溢流阀新结构。通过阐述新开发水压溢流阀的结构方案、工作原理，建立和推导了水压溢流阀的动态数学模型和传递函数。由基于数学模型的仿真分析得知所设计的阀是不稳定的，为此设计了输出反馈补偿来使阀得到稳定的输出压力，一方面通过仿真优化了阀的补偿参数，另一方面通过分析补偿的实现和特征，发现所设计的补偿是一个动压反馈补偿，它可以阻止主阀和先导阀之间的高频压力脉动传递。     

自动关闭的水龙头

韩国一家公司研制成一种新式水龙头,它能够自动关闭。这种水龙头是在一般的自来水龙头的基础上,将原有的螺旋控制开关改为一个自锁阀。阀体用工程塑料制成,里面装有橡胶塞、压块、顶杆、卡簧、顶杆帽、压簧、卡爪、旋转柄等零件。当阀体安装在自来水管道上后,旋转柄以逆时针方向旋转时,卡爪抓力向上,顶杆帽向上压缩压簧 橡胶塞打开 自来水因其压力而     

水压技术在自动协调加载系统上的应用

本文针对目前将水压技术应用在加载系统上时存在着自动化程度低，控制精度差，操作不方便等问题，设计了一套自动协调加载系统，用电液伺服阀取代了手动调节阀，达到了对系统出口压力的精确控制，并总结了在实际中应用的水压元件及系统的设计思路，可以为今后的水压技术的研究提供一些借鉴。     

水冷钢砖铸造工艺的改进

水冷钢砖在使用时通过空腔内的冷却水循环,来适应高炉恶劣的高温环境,从而提高自身和炉体的使用寿命.因此,水冷钢砖在安装使用前要求进行水压试验,在0.5 MPa水压条件下保压1.0 h无渗漏、无冒汗.我厂在制作水冷钢砖的过程中,通过不断改进铸造工艺,铸件产品品质得到稳定提高.     

水压阀阀口流量系数的研究

因为水与油的理化性质不同，所以以海，淡水为工作介质的水压传动元件的设计不能按传统油压理论及实验依据来选择其系数。本文对多种型式的水压阀阀口流量系数进行了实验研究，为设计水压元件提供了基础实验数据。     

锻机用先导阀芯驱动伺服阀动态特性AMESim仿真分析

为了实现液压机用伺服阀的流量精确控制,开发了一种以电驱丝杠推动先导阀芯的伺服阀,以达到高精度控制的效果和显著减弱液压引起的冲击力作用.先导进液阀与主进液阀之间保持相互嵌套的状态,具有反馈机械位置信息的功能.并利用AMESim仿真平台对其进行仿真分析.阶跃响应特性表明:到达0.04 s时,主进液阀芯开始关闭,在0.1 s...     

一种新型水压节流阀的研制

本文分析了油压节流阀阀口结构型式对水介质的适应性，并根据水介质的特性，研制了一种新型的水压节流阀。该阀采用了具有多级节流口的新型结构以及耐蚀合金、工程塑料等新型工程材料。试验表明，所研制的水压节流阀工作性能良好。     

基于FLUENT的2D高频阀气穴现象研究

2D高频阀(简称数字阀)是利用阀芯旋转时阀芯台肩沟槽与阀套窗口组成的阀口周期性高频通断进行工作的.若阀口处存在气穴现象,将会产生噪声、振动,严重时会产生气蚀现象,破坏阀口处流体的连续性,甚至影响阀控缸的工作特性.利用CFD商用软件FLUENT对数字阀内部的流场进行数字计算,主要研究阀口的气穴现象.研究结果表明:数字阀阀口在即将关闭和关闭后一段时间内都会在阀口的低压侧产生气穴现象,即低压侧的阀套主窗口或阀芯沟槽内气穴现象都分成两个阶段,但气穴现象在其内部产生的速度、扩散的面积及持续的时间有所不同.这对优化数字阀的结构,降低数字阀的气穴、噪声,提高数字阀的流量具有参考价值.     

四回路保护阀检测系统的研制

基于数据采集技术研制一套四回路保护阀性能检测系统,实现四回路保护阀密封性及压力特性的检测。引入差压检测法,整体密封检测精度提高到0.015k Pa;通过节流孔缓慢充气、排气,实现进气口和出气口的压力平衡,稳定测量开启压力,测量开启压力标准差不超过0.169k Pa;系统通过模拟汽车制动回路实际工况下进、出气管路泄漏或爆裂等失效状态,完成关闭压力、保护压力及动态关闭压力的测量。对四回路保护阀进行了20次性能测试实验,根据测试数据的重复性分析、系统元件的不确定度,对测试系统进行不确定度评定,整体密封性合成标准不确定度为0.008k Pa,压力特性最大合成标准不确定度为0.856k Pa。测试结果表明,该系统能稳定测量四回路保护阀的性能,满足测试需求。     

插装型锥阀多物理场耦合仿真及分析

液压元件设计理论随着液压系统控制精度的提升不断完善,对液压阀阀套阀芯间配合间隙的设计时需考虑阀套和阀芯变形带来的影响。依据实际使用的插装阀结构尺寸,建立其整体的三维流固热三场耦合模型,给出了不同边界条件时阀芯阀套的温度场分布规律及阀芯阀套在热效应和压力效应共同作用下产生的变形量,同时给出变形量带来的阀套阀芯配合间隙的变化。研究结果表明:锥阀在不同的工况时,热效应和压力效应对阀芯阀套的变形量和变形方向的作用不同,阀芯阀套的变形对其配合间隙的影响需针对典型工况进行具体分析。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.