高校危险化学品实验室安全储存与管理初探

高校化学实验室中有大量危险化学品,化学实验用品具有易燃易爆特点,非常容易引发安全事故。在日常工作当中,危险化学品的储存、管理、使用都存在一定安全隐患,化学实验室是重点安全管制区域,加强化学实验室安全储存是实验室管理的关键。     

Safety management and risk assessment in chemical laboratories

The present paper highlights a new safety management program, MICE (Management, Information, Control and Emergency), which has been specifically adapted for the academic environment. The process starts with an exhaustive hazard inventory supported by a platform assembling specific hazards encountered in laboratories and their subsequent classification. A proof of concept is given by a series of implementations in the domain of chemistry targeting workplace health protection. The methodology is expressed through three examples to illustrate how the MICE program can be used to address safety concerns regarding chemicals, strong magnetic fields and nanoparticles in research laboratories. A comprehensive chemical management program is also depicted.     

危险化学品储运作业安全现状

危险化学品在储存和运输过程中具有较大的危险有害性,一旦发生事故,后果往往也相当严重。危险化学品的运输有公路运输、铁路运输、水上运输和管道运输等几种方式,分析了这几种运输方式以及仓储时存在的安全隐患,旨在引起业内人员对危化品储运安全的重视。     

Chemical health and safety challenges in a new era of enlightenment

Based on the experience of the past 30 years, some trends in chemical health and safety can be expected to continue during the new century. More health and safety information will be collected on specific chemicals; exposure hazard (threshold limit values and permissible exposure limits) and environmental impact databases will be expanded as new research is carried out in these areas. The mission of safety professionals will be to make the job safe for employees, including the elimination of excessive employee exposure to hazardous chemicals. Some ways to accomplish this include increased use of personal protective equipment and more thorough health and safety information on Material Safety Data Sheets. The objective is not to ban use of specific chemicals but to develop procedures to work safely with materials of interest. There will be increasing demands for products and processes involving chemicals and chemical reactions. Where will researchers obtain the necessary health and safety knowledge? Chemical health and safety information must become an integral part of the undergraduate and graduate chemistry curriculum.     

危险化学品危险源细化分级安全管理研究

按照《危险化学品重大危险源辨识》(GB 18218-2018)规定,危险化学品重大危险源实行分级管理,当辨识指标S≥1时,重大危险源按分级指标分为4级.实际发生的特别重大恶性事故危险源分级指标远远高于一级重大危险源规定的下限值,有必要在一级重大危险源之上设立特别重大危险源分级.非重大危险源涉及到中小型生产企业、研发和分...     

Evaluation of chemical laboratory safety based on student comprehension of chemicals labelling

A questionnaire regarding the hazard labelling of a series of chemicals found in several laboratories in the Department of Food Technology, at The Technological Educational Institution of Thessaloniki, Greece, was answered by students and laboratory staff. On an average, only one out of four students matched all the chemicals in the questionnaire with the respective hazard labels; the percentage of wrong answers for chemicals included in the curriculum was comparable to the percentage of wrong answers for chemicals not-taught. The analysis of the answers indicates that the traditional teaching of safe-handling and hazard-labelling is inadequate, and there is a need for more effective teaching methods to improve the awareness of labelling and the safe handling of chemical substances.     

Design of a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) plan to assure the safety of a bologna product produced by a meat processing plant

The Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) is a systematic integral program used to identify and estimate the hazards (microbiological, chemical and physical) and the risks generated during the primary production, processing, storage, distribution, expense and consumption of foods. To establish a program of HACCP has advantages, being some of them: to emphasize more in the prevention than in the detection, to diminish the costs, to minimize the risk of manufacturing faulty products, to allow bigger trust to the management, to strengthen the national and international competitiveness, among others. The present work is a proposal based on the design of an HACCP program to guarantee the safety of the Bologna Special Type elaborated by a meat products industry, through the determination of hazards (microbiological, chemical or physical), the identification of critical control points (CCP), the establishment of critical limits, plan corrective actions and the establishment of documentation and verification procedures. The used methodology was based in the application of the seven basic principles settled down by the Codex Alimentarius, obtaining the design of this program. In view of the fact that recently the meat products are linked with pathogens like E. coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes, these were contemplated as microbiological hazard for the establishment of the HACCP plan whose application will guarantee the obtaining of a safe product.     

核电厂危险化学品使用及贮存设施设计

核电厂的运行和检修过程用到多种化学品,其中一部分属于危险化学品. 核电厂中,危险化学品安全与核安全不直接相关,但其危害可能会与核安全叠加,从而将危害放大,因此核电厂危险化学品的设计和管理非常重要. 以二代改进型的M310压水堆核电厂为例,结合多个机组的设计实践,对核电厂中的危险化学品进行分析,并对主要危险化学品贮存设施的设计和管理进行论述. 经辨识,核电厂贮存使用的危险化学品不属于重大危险源;贮存设施设计方案严格按照标准规范执行,结合核电厂的特点设计足够的安全措施,措施完备并满足危险化学品日益严格的监管要求,保证了核电厂内的危险化学品的安全.     

化工工艺设计中的安全危险问题与策略分析

化学原材料大都具有剧毒、易燃易爆等特点,这些特征的存在是化工工艺出现危险问题的主要原因。针对当前化工工艺设计中所存在的安全危险问题,提出相应的解决措施。     

中国化学工业有毒化学品和有害废物的安全与控制

有毒化学品和有害废物对环境的污染及对人体健康的危害是中国环境保护面临的重大问题。本文概述了中国处理有毒化学品和有害废物的国家政策,化学工业有毒化学品和有害废物安全与控制的现状,并指出存在的问题及优先改进的领域。     

REACH法规的管理程序及安全管理的影响分析

论述了REACH法规的适用范围和管理程序,法规的合理性、科学性和公正性。指出REACH法规的实施,我国化学品的安全和环境管理将面临着巨大的挑战。建议尽快建立健全我国化学品安全和环境管理法规标准体系,加强化学品管理能力建设,把REACH法规的实施当作改进和完善我国化学品安全和环境管理的一次机遇。     

化学品检测实验室安全管理体系的创建研究

化学品检测实验室安全对于检测机构的全面发展具有重要作用。当前检测机构在实验室安全管理体系建立过程中需要从多方面展开探析,从根本上实现实验室安全管理。通过对化学品检测实验室安全管理体系的创建展开探究,从危险安全的常见问题角度分析,分析建立实验室安全管理体系的重要性,从多个角度出发整改安全管理体系内容,最大程度控制各项安全事故的发生,更好的促进化学品检测工作的开展。     

Beyond chemical safety— an integrated approach to laboratory safety management

Health and safety programs for laboratories are typically oriented around specific regulatory requirements, even though hazards in laboratories seldom respect these boundaries. Not only does this place an unnecessary burden on researchers because they have to keep track of several related health and safety activities, it also increases the chance that laboratory hazards might not be addressed because they are part of some other “program”. The new UCSD Lab Safety Guide organizes all health and safety activities required for basic lab operation into a single document, the Lab Safety Plan. Completion of a Lab Safety Plan will identify health and safety needs for that lab, provide appropriate documentation, and outline required activities and training. The modular nature of the Plan allows it to be tailored to lab activities and, after training and implementation, labs can then be audited against their plan. This unified approach stems from the creation of a “Research Safety Team” out of the previous biological, chemical, and radiation safety groups, and will be coupled with sophisticated data management in a centralized database to track and benchmark safety activities.     

化工过程本质安全评估方法研究进展与展望

可持续性发展已经成为社会、生态和经济发展的关键。可持续制造的发展道路需要平衡环境、社会和经济各方面。本质安全设计是减少风险、实现化学工业可持续发展的最有效的方法之一,本质安全设计可以永久性地消除或减少化工过程中涉及的危害。本文综述了本质安全的历史发展、本质安全四大原则的概念、本质安全四大原则应用的使用潜力、本质安全设计评估工具,并系统介绍了本质安全设计评估方法的研究进展和存在的问题,包括基于参数的得分索引本质安全方法、基于参数的数值索引本质安全方法、基于图示的本质安全方法、基于风险分析的本质安全方法和基于多目标评价的本质安全方法,分析比较了各种方法的优缺点,并对本质安全评估方法的未来发展和完善提出了一些见解。     

浅谈氯化工艺的危险与氯化生产的安全管理

化工行业具有易燃易爆、高温高压、有毒有害等特点,发生事放的概率高,且后果严重。氯化工是氯化反应的工艺,其广泛应用于生产日用品以及医药保健,但氯化生产工艺为高温放热反应,且原料具有燃爆危险,常用的氯化剂为剧毒化学品,尾气也含燃爆危险,所以提岛氯化工艺的安全意识与加强安全管理显得日益重要,本文从讨论如何提高氯化工艺的安全性,通过对几种常见的氯化生产——取代氯化、加成氯化、氧氯化的安全管理现状及安全问题的特殊性问题进行分析、归纳和总结,对危险事故进行模糊推理,从而改进其中的危险工艺。借鉴先进的安全管理模式,来选择合适的管理方法,改进氯化工企业安全管理的策略。     

实验室易制毒化学品的安全管理

我国乃至当今世界最突出的社会问题就是毒品问题,国家必须要加大化学品的管控力度,如果这些易制毒化学品流入生活中,对社会造成不可估量的损害。对实验室制毒化学品安全管理进行概述,分析实验室制毒化学品安全管理的必要性。提出实验室易制毒化学品安全管理的具体措施,解决当前易制毒化学品安全管理隐患问题。     

How to Make Inherent Safety Practice a Reality

In recent years there has been an increased effort to develop inherently safer chemical processes, focusing on changing the process to eliminate hazards, rather than accepting the hazards and developing add‐on features to control them. This paper discusses design approaches to inherently safer processing, including examples of inherent safety principles. The paper also presents a state‐of‐the‐art review of the initiatives taken by various groups and agencies worldwide to promote inherent safety, and the tools developed to measure inherent safety for chemical processes. The discussion concludes with thoughts on why inherent safety is not yet a routine practice for accomplishing risk reduction, and suggestions for ways to make it routine (with reference to a brief case study).     

危险化学品安全管控与应急救援对策探讨

危险化学品的显著特征就是具有较高的危险性。危险化学品发生安全事故,除了和其本身性质的有关,也和外部环境有很大关系。只有对其本身性质有充分了解与掌握,对外部条件予以合理设置,才能防止发生事故,保障安全、防控事故的一项根本方法就是将安全管控与应急救援的各项基础工作做好。结合自己多年工作经验,提出了如何加强危险化学品安全管控与应急救援。     

化工实验室安全管理体系的创建分析

化工实验室作为实践教学、化工材料性能检测、配置试验的重要场地,再加上化工实验室操作中具有有毒有害、高压高温、易燃易爆的特点,因此保证化工实验室安全管理体系建设有着重要作用。基于此,首先提出化工实验室安全事故发生特点,分析化工实验室中的危险因素,进而探究如何构建化工实验室安全管理体系。