不规则网格上的曲面设计方法

提出一种在不规则网格上构造曲面的方法.其基本思想是,通过均匀双三次B样条基函数的分解和子基函数的分类,将B样条曲面方法推广到任意四边形网格.给定一个任意四边形控制网格,首先对每个控制点构造一个基函数;所有控制点加权组合形成整体曲面.构造的曲面是分片双三次有理参数多项式曲面.此方法可以看成是均匀B样条曲面构造方法的扩展,如果控制网格是规则四边形网格,那么构造得到的曲面与均匀双三次B样条曲面是一致的.最后,实例证明此方法能够有效地构造曲面.     

C-B样条曲线的分割和拼接

曲线曲面造型中设计复杂的自由曲线时,单段曲线已不能满足外形设计的要求,因而在实际造型中,经常采用曲线的分割和拼接。C-B样条理论是曲线曲面造型的一项重要内容。在对C-B样条基函数及曲线端点特性分析的基础上,提出了C-B样条曲线的任意分割算法,并对C-B样条曲线间进行了G1拼接,给出了B样条曲线和C-B样条曲线G1和G2光滑拼接的几何条件。采用分割和拼接技术会增加C-B样条曲线的灵活性,所得结论具有明确的几何意义,并可以进一步推广到C-B样条曲面造型中。     

一种基于G~1拼接技术的曲面造型新方法

C-B样条曲线不能精确表示半圆弧和半椭圆弧。本文讨论了C-B样条曲线和有理三次Bézier曲线的端点性质,在对C-B样条曲线和有理三次Bézier曲线端点特性分析的基础上,通过增加控制顶点使C-B样条曲线通过控制多边形的首末顶点并与首末边相切,给出了C-B样条曲线和有理三次Bzier曲线间G1拼接条件,利用有理三次Bézier曲线能够精确表示半圆弧的特点,与C-B样条曲线进行G1拼接,从而较好地解决了C-B样条曲面造型中圆弧和半圆弧的表示问题,有效地增强了C-B样条方法控制及表达曲线的能力。     

C-曲线间G1拼接条件及在曲面造型中的应用

C-B样条无法精确表示半圆弧和半椭圆弧,在对C-B样条曲线和C-Bézier曲线基函数及端点特性分析的基础上,通过增加控制顶点使C-B样条曲线通过控制多边形的首末顶点并与首末边相切,给出了C-B样条曲线和C-Bézier曲线间G1拼接条件;利用C-Bézier曲线表示半圆弧和半椭圆弧,并与C-B样条曲线进行G1拼接,从而解决了C-B样条曲面造型中半圆弧和半椭圆弧的表示问题。     

基于SOM的散乱数据点集的B样条曲面重建

利用自组织映射神经网络(SOM)技术对散乱数据点集进行B样条曲面重建时,往往存在网络学习时间过长和学习效果不理想等问题。提出了一种新的神经元初始化方法和分块学习算法,该算法首先运用主元素分析方法(PCA)对散乱数据进行分块,将拓扑结构为四边形的输出层神经元初始化在每块散乱数据的最小二乘平面上进行网络学习和训练,将分块学习得到的各网格曲面拼接成一个整体;然后对该整体网格曲面的边界和内部单独学习,得到一张逼近待重建曲面的双线性B样条曲面;最后对该B样条曲面误差进行了修正。实例证明,该算法可以明显地减少SOM网络学习时间,并改善网络学习效果。     

Catmull-Clark细分曲面的形状调整

提出一种调整细分曲面形状的算法．该算法用cosα(Ck)取代C-B样条的形状因子α，并将Ck的定义区间从[-1，1]扩大到[-1，∞)；然后用这种扩展了的GB样条来构造catmull—clark细分曲面；使得生成细分曲面的形状不仅能够在C-B样条的范围内可调，而且还能在标准的catmull-clark细分曲面和初始的控制网格之间任意调整．该算法保留了C-B样条和catmull-clark细分曲面的主要特点，如精确表示圆柱体、处理任意拓扑结构的控制网格等。     

G~1连续几何偏微分方程B样条曲面的构造

为了在曲面拼接和自由形式曲面设计中生成G1光滑的曲面,提出一种使用四阶几何偏微分方程构造B样条曲面的方法.该方法基于切梯度算子、第二切算子、Laplace-Beltrami算子和Giaquinta-Hildebrandt算子在四边形网格上的离散化及收敛性分析,在G1边界光滑约束条件下使用一般形式的四阶几何偏微分方程构造四边B样条曲面片.数值实验结果表明该方法是有效的,确能产生满足G1光滑边界条件的曲面.     

基于广义基曲面参数化的N边域曲面重构

研究了由散乱数据点集重构N边域曲面的方法.已有方法大都使用单张B样条曲面进行拟合,或由用户手工描绘曲面片的边界曲线网格.与之不同,为便于数字处理,采用广义基曲面参数化方法可以在建立曲面片网格同时进行散乱数据的参数化,全过程无需人工干预.另外,推导了在曲面拟合算法中控制顶点约束的确定方法以满足给定的边界条件.通过仿真,研究了曲面片网格的光顺以在N边域曲面内部达到G1连续,并以实例证明了文中算法的有效性.     

二次B样条曲面顶点及法向插值

顶点位置插值是自由曲面造型的基本方法,法向插值在一些CAD／CAM系统中也有重要应用,文中利用子分曲面理论研究双二次B样条曲面的性质,在此基础上利用Doo-Sabin分子模式构造插值顶点位置和法向的双二次B样条曲面控制网络,得到插值曲面的参数表示,为了提高效率,对规模较大的网络数据,先把它成若干片子网格,分别求出满足子网格相关的插值条件的控制网格,最后再反它们整合在一起形成完整的控制网格,使得相应的二次B样条曲面插值所有顶点及法向。     

一个构造插值曲面方法中存在的错误

一、引言对N个任意分布的空间数据点{(x_i,y_i,z_i)}_(i=1)~N,文章[1]中提出了一个构造二元 插值曲面的方法。做法是把给定数据点在XY平 面上划分成三角形网格,在每个数据点p_i=(x_i, y_i,z_i)处构造一个对z_i插值的曲面片f_i(x,y)。 每个三角形上的曲面片由三个顶点处的曲面片加 权平均产生,整体的曲面由所有三角形上的曲面 片拼合而成。方法的具体做法如下:     

Generation of bi-monotone patches from quadrilateral mesh for reverse engineering

Thanks to recent improvements, computational methods can now be used to convert triangular meshes into quadrilateral meshes so that the quadrilateral elements capture well the principal curvature directional fields of surfaces and intrinsically have surface parametric values. In this study, a quadrilateral mesh generated using the mixed integer quadrangulation technique of Bommes et al. is used for input. We first segment a quadrilateral mesh into four-sided patches. The feature curves inside these patches are then detected and are constrained to act as the patch boundaries. Finally, the patch configuration is improved to generate large patches. The proposed method produces bi-monotone patches, which are appropriate for use in reverse engineering to capture the surface details of an object. A shape control parameter that can be adjusted by the user during the patch generation process is also provided to support the creation of patches with good bi-monotone shapes. This study mainly targets shape models of mechanical parts consisting of major smooth surfaces with feature curves between them.     

轮廓线的经纬线连接法

为了减少面绘制中三角面片数量,节省空间,提高重建效果,提出了经纬线连接法。该方法利用夹角对轮廓线进行重采样,并用等比法生成辅助采样点,实现采样点一一对应,连接采样点形成四角面片来组成物体表面,实现三维重建。以一组头部CT图像为研究对象进行实验仿真,仿真分析表明对轮廓线进行重采样,用四边形代替三角形,减少了面片数量,节省了存储空间,重建时间较短,重建效率较高。     

Nonsplitting Macro Patches for Implicit Cubic Spline Surfaces

Macro patches are important for generating quadric or cubic implicit spline surfaces from the input of a polyhedron. All existing macro patches split the triangular facets of the polyhedron; this paper presents cubic nonsplitting macro patches (NMP) that do not split these facets. The NMP's are based on a necessary and sufficient condition for nonsplitting constructions of implicit cubic spline surfaces. This condition can be satisfied for most practical applications, so the NMP's lead to an efficient and powerful spline surface scheme using implicit cubics. The free parameters in an NMP are set using a new technique for excluding topological anomalies such as extraneous sheets, splits, unwanted holes, self-intersections, and unwanted handles. Each cubic patch obtained by this technique best approximates, in a least-squares sense, a quadric patch from a single algebraic component of a monotone polynomial derived from the input data.     

C-B样条曲线的光顺逼近算法研究

基于弹性均匀细梁的应力能和扰动能的光顺优化,提出了一种光顺C-B样条曲线的算法。该算法的基本思想是：通过调整控制参数和控制顶点使得曲线的能量最小,得到最优的光顺逼近曲线。通过最小二乘法和非线性泛函的极小值优化计算,对平面数据点进行光顺逼近,达到了光顺的目的。最后,给出了由数据拟合的C-B样条曲线光顺的实例。实例结果表明,该算法为C-B样条曲线的光顺问题提供了一种有效的新方法。     

Smooth spline surface generation over meshes of irregular topology

An efficient method for generating a smooth spline surface over an irregular mesh is presented in this paper. Similar to the methods proposed by [1, 2, 3, 4], this method generates a generalised bi-quadratic B-spline surface and achieves C ¹ smoothness. However, the rules to construct the control points for the proposed spline surfaces are much simpler and easier to follow. The construction process consists of two steps: subdividing the initial mesh once using the Catmull–Clark [5] subdivision rules and generating a collection of smoothly connected surface patches using the resultant mesh. As most of the final mesh is quadrilateral apart from the neighbourhood of the extraordinary points, most of the surface patches are regular quadratic B-splines. The neighbourhood of the extraordinary points is covered by quadratic Zheng–Ball patches [6].     

CAD-based sampling for CMM inspection of models with sculptured features

This paper addresses sampling models for trimmed sculptured surfaces, and multiple patches with boundary conditions. A CAD-based sampling system is developed and implemented in this work. The sculptured features are sampled along their isoparametric curves. These curves are then used to re-construct the model geometry using the skinning of cross section curves. We refer to the re-constructed model as the substitute geometry. The problem is to determine the sample curve locations such that the substitute geometry satisfies certain geometric conditions. These are, the form error, and the continuity of the substitute geometry across the boundaries of adjacent surfaces. Three criteria are integrated to determine the sample locations: the surface curvature change, the substitute geometry deviation from the CAD model, and the significance of trimmed portions of the surface. A boundary representation-based methodology for the sampling of trimmed surfaces is developed and implemented. This methodology is extended to handle n-sided surfaces obtained through filling n-sided regions with quadrilateral surface patches, and models that may include multiple surface patches. Furthermore, a tool to assess the sampling plans based on the continuity of the substitute geometry across boundaries of adjacent surface patches is developed. The developed algorithms, their implementations, and case studies are presented in this paper.     

Surface Modelling and Mesh Generation for Simulating Superplastic Forming

This paper presents an approach which enables surface modelling, mesh generation and the Finite Element (FE) analysis to be integrated together to simulate superplastic forming process for complex shaped components. Techniques have been developed to generate an FE mesh over non-four-sided surface areas, the boundaries of which are Bezier curves of arbitrary degree, using a consistent expression. Theoretical evidence is given to determine the number of Bezier triangular patches required for accurately re-constructing die surfaces within a commercial FE solver. The developed techniques have been successfully used in determining the process parameters for forming a 3D rectangular box.     

在任意拓扑三角形网格上的光滑样条曲面

介绍了一种在控制三角形网格上创建光滑样条曲面的算法,该控制网格能够刻画具有或没有边界的任意自由曲面.生成的曲面有一个4次参数多项式表示并且被表示成一个切平面连续的三角形Bézier片网.曲面对网格的逼近程度受到一个混合比控制,当混合比为0时,产生的曲面插值网格.该算法是一种局部方法,简单且效率高,适合于外形设计.     

Local surface interpolation with Bézier patches

A surface interpolation method for meshes of cubic curves is described. A mesh of cubic curve is constructed between the given vertices. This mesh is filled with Bézier patches, so that the surface is represented as a union of geometrically continuous bicubic quadrilateral and/or quartic triangular Bézier patches. The method is local and uses Farin's [Farin '83] conditions of G¹ continuity between patches. The procedure for finding the needed control points of the Bézier patches is simple and efficient.     

G1连续几何偏微分方程Bézier曲面的构造

基于三角形和四边形网格上Laplace-Beltrami算子、高斯曲率和平均曲率的离散及其收敛性分析,提出了一种使用四阶几何流构造几何偏微分方程Bézier曲面的方法.使用该方法构造出的Bézier曲面既具有几何偏微分方程曲面的最优性质,同时又满足G1连续性.算法收敛性的数值实验表明该方法是有效的.