共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Xiaowei Yin Nahum Travitzky Peter Greil 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2007,90(7):2128-2134
Nanolaminates with a layered M N +1 AX N crystal structure (with M: transition metal, A: group element, X: carbon or nitrogen, and N =1, 2, 3) offer great potential to toughen ceramic composites. A ternary Ti3 AlC2 carbide containing ceramic composite was fabricated by three-dimensional printing of a TiC+TiO2 powder mixture and dextrin as a binder. Subsequent pressureless infiltration of the porous ceramic preform with an Al melt at 800°–1400°C in an inert atmosphere, followed by reaction of Al with TiC and TiO2 finally resulted in the formation of a dense multiphase composite of Ti3 AlC2 –TiAl3 –Al2 O3 . A controlled flaw/strength technique was utilized to determine fracture resistance as a function of crack extension. Rising R -curve behavior with increasing crack extension was observed, confirming the operation of wake-toughening effects on the crack growth resistance. Observations of crack/microstructure interactions revealed that extensive crack deflection along the (0001) lamellar sheets of Ti3 AlC2 was the mechanism responsible for the rising R -curve behavior. 相似文献
2.
Mark I. Pownceby Keri K. Constanti-Carey Michael J. Fisher-White 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2003,86(6):975-980
Subsolidus phase equilibria in the system Fe2 O3 –Al2 O3 –TiO2 were investigated between 1000° and 1300°C. Quenched samples were examined using powder X-ray diffraction and electron probe microanalytical methods. The main features of the phase relations were: (a) the presence of an M3 O5 solid solution series between end members Fe2 TiO5 and Al2 TiO5 , (b) a miscibility gap along the Fe2 O3 –Al2 O3 binary, (c) an α-M2 O3 ( ss ) ternary solid-solution region based on mutual solubility between Fe2 O3 , Al2 O3 , and TiO2 , and (d) an extensive three-phase region characterized by the assemblage M3 O5 +α-M2 O3 ( ss ) + Cor( ss ). A comparison of results with previously established phase relations for the Fe2 O3 –Al2 O3 –TiO2 system shows considerable discrepancy. 相似文献
3.
Lianjun Wang Ting Wu Wan Jiang Jianlin Li Lidong Chen 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2006,89(5):1540-1543
A novel method for the preparation of Al2 O3 –TiN nanocomposites was developed. A mixture of TiO2 , AlN, and Ti powder was used as the starting material to synthesize the Al2 O3 –TiN nanocomposite under 60 MPa at 1400°C for 6 min using spark plasma sintering. X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used for detailed microstructural analysis. Dense (up to 99%) nanostructured Al2 O3 –TiN composites were successfully fabricated, the average grain size being less than 400 nm. The fracture toughness ( K I C ) and bending strength (σb ) of the nanostructured Al2 O3 –TiN composites reached 4.22±0.20 MPa·m1/2 and 746±28 MPa, respectively. 相似文献
4.
Alumina–aluminum titanate–titania (Al2 O3 –Al2 TiO5 –TiO2 ) nanocomposites were synthesized using alkoxide precursor solutions. Thermal analysis provided information on phase evolution from the as-synthesized gel with an increase in temperature. Calcination at 700°C led to the formation of an Al2 O3 –TiO2 nanocomposite, while at a higher temperature (1300°C) an Al2 O3 –Al2 TiO5 –TiO2 nanocomposite was formed. The nanocomposites were uniaxially compacted and sintered in a pressureless environment in air to study the densification behavior, grain growth, and phase evolution. The effects of nanosize particles on the crystal structure and densification of the nanocomposite have been discussed. The sintered nanocomposite structures were also characterized for dielectric properties. 相似文献
5.
Heromichi Okamura Eric A. Barringer H. Kent Bowen 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1986,69(2):22-C-
An unagglomerated, monosized Al2 O3 TiO2 composite powder was prepared by the stepwise hydrolysis of titanium alkoxide in an Al2 O3 dispersion. Particle size was controlled by selecting the particle size of the starting Al2 O3 powder; TiO2 content was determined by the amount of alkoxide hydrolyzed. A composite-powder compact containing 50 mol% TiO2 , when fired at 1350°C for 30 min, showed nearly theoretical density with aluminum titanate phase formation. 相似文献
6.
Tian D. Xia Zuhair A. Munir Yan L. Tang Wen J. Zhao Tian M. Wang 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2000,83(3):507-512
Structure formation in the combustion synthesis of Al2 O3 –TiC composites from TiO2 , Al, and graphite powders was investigated using cylindrical samples and cone-shaped "quenching samples." It is shown that the phases Ti and Ti3 Al exist as intermediates in the combustion synthesis process. Titanium carbide forms in a secondary step through reactions between graphite and liquid Ti or Ti3 Al, then nucleates from a liquid mixture of the three phases Ti, Ti3 Al, and alumina. The nucleated particles grow in the postcombustion stage. Liquid alumina, containing TiC as a dissolved phase, solidifies into corundum grains in the postcombustion stage. Moreover, it is shown that the temperature gradient in the postcombustion stage markedly affects the microstructures of the products. Higher-temperature gradients, typical at the surface of the samples, give rise to the formation of corundum whiskers and TiC agglomerates. In contrast, lower gradients, typical in the center of the samples, lead to the formation of relatively large TiC particles and corundum grains. 相似文献
7.
Ki-Woong Chae Doh-Yeon Kim Byung-Chan Kim Kyung-Bae Kim 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1993,76(7):1857-1860
The densification of Al2 O3 –30TiC (in weight percent) composite is investigated as a function of Y2 O3 additions. It is observed that very small amounts of Y2 O3 are effective in aiding the densification. The density was observed to pass through a maximum at 0.35 wt% of Y2 O3 . The gas-generating reaction of Al2 O3 with TiC is likely to be suppressed by the addition of Y2 O3 . 相似文献
8.
Yung-Chao Ko 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2000,83(9):2333-2335
The XRD patterns at ambient temperature and at 1500°C showed that the spinel in the Al2 O3 –MgO castables fired at 1500°C for 3 h has the higher peak intensity, compared to those in Al2 O3 –spinel castables; the interplanar distance in the set (311) is 2.43 Å for the spinel in Al2 O3 –MgO castables as well as the spinels in Al2 O3 –spinel castables using spinels containing 73, 90, and 94 wt% Al2 O3 , respectively. The corresponding alumina contents of the spinels in these castables were estimated to be around 75 wt%. The smaller grain size of the spinel in Al2 O3 –MgO castables compared to that in Al2 O3 –spinel castables is evidenced by the recrystallization of the in situ spinel only occurring in Al2 O3 –MgO castables as revealed by the XRD patterns at ambient temperature and at 1500°C. The larger amount and smaller grain size of the in situ spinel in the matrix mostly account for the better slag resistance of Al2 O3 –MgO castables, compared to Al2 O3 –spinel castables. 相似文献
9.
Ling-Feng He Yi-Wang Bao Yan-Chun Zhou 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2009,92(11):2751-2758
ZrO2 –Al2 O3 nanocrystalline powders have been synthesized by oxidizing ternary Zr2 Al3 C4 powders. The simultaneous oxidation of Al and Zr in Zr2 Al3 C4 results in homogeneous mixture of ZrO2 and Al2 O3 at nanoscale. Bulk nano- and submicro-composites were prepared by hot-pressing as-oxidized powders at 1100°–1500°C. The composition and microstructure evolution during sintering was investigated by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, and TEM. The crystallite size of ZrO2 in the composites increased from 7.5 nm for as-oxidized powders to about 0.5 μm at 1500°C, while the tetragonal polymorph gradually converted to monolithic one with increasing crystallite size. The Al2 O3 in the composites transformed from an amorphous phase in as oxidized powders to θ phase at 1100°C and α phase at higher temperatures. The hardness of the composite increased from 2.0 GPa at 1100°C to 13.5 GPa at 1400°C due to the increase of density. 相似文献
10.
The phase domain of Ti3 O5 –Ti2 O3 –Ti(CO) at 1580 K was determined from the formation energies of Ti(C x O y ), as calculated via the Gibbs–Duhem equation. An extensive Ti(CO) domain is attributed to the high affinity between TiC and TiO. The phase domain of Ti3 O5 –Ti2 O3 –Ti(CN) was obtained at 1673 K using the formation energies of Ti(C x N y ). This study shows that the stable region for Ti2 O3 is significantly small in the Ti3 O5 –Ti2 O3 –Ti(CN) phase domain. It demonstrates the absence of TiO and Ti2 O3 in the normal syntheses of TiC and Ti(CN) from TiO2 , respectively. 相似文献
11.
Subsolidus phase relationships in the Ga2 O3 –Al2 O3 –TiO2 system at 1400°C were studied using X-ray diffraction. Phases present in the pseudoternary system include TiO2 (rutile), Ga2−2 x Al2 x O3 ( x ≤0.78 β-gallia structure), Al2−2 y Ga2 y O3 ( y ≤0.12 corundum structure), Ga2−2 x Al2 x TiO5 (0≤ x ≤1 pseudobrookite structure), and several β-gallia rutile intergrowths that can be expressed as Ga4−4 x Al4 x Ti n −4 O2 n −2 ( x ≤0.3, 15≤ n ≤33). This study showed no evidence to confirm that aluminum substitution of gallium stabilizes the n =7 β-gallia–rutile intergrowth as has been mentioned in previous work. 相似文献
12.
Reaction kinetics in a coarse equimolar powder mixture were slow enough to allow for the different stages to be identified, notably in the lower and higher temperature ranges, respectively. In the former ( T ≤ 1600 K), Al2 TiO5 nucleation was hindered by the strain energy contribution to the overall driving force. The setting up of metastable layer sequences Al2 TiO5 /TiO2 /Al2 O3 was found to occur generally during subsequent growth. The high Al mobility in the TiO2 provided a rapid aluminum transport from the metastable Al2 O3 /TiO2 interface to the TiO2 /Al2 TiO5 front. At temperatures above ∼1700 K the Al2 O3 /TiO2 interface was very rapidly sealed off by Al2 TiO5 formation. Reactant transport across the Al2 TiO5 was slow because of the low mobilities in the product phase. Therefore, much lower product growth velocities were observed at higher temperatures than at lower temperatures. 相似文献
13.
Yu Jia Yuji Hotta Kimiyasu Sato Koji Watari 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2006,89(3):1103-1106
ZrO2 –Al2 O3 nanocomposite particles were synthesized by coating nano-ZrO2 particles on the surface of Al2 O3 particles via the layer-by-layer (LBL) method. Polyacrylic acid (PAA) adsorption successfully modified the Al2 O3 surface charge. Multilayer coating was successfully implemented, which was characterized by ξ potential, particle size. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the content of ZrO2 in the final powders could be well controlled by the LBL method. The powders coated with three layers of nano-ZrO2 particles, which contained about 12 wt% ZrO2 , were compacted by dry press and cold isostatically pressed methods. After sintering the compact at 1450°C for 2 h under atmosphere, a sintered body with a low pore microstructure was obtained. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs of the sintered body indicated that ZrO2 was well dispersed in the Al2 O3 matrix. 相似文献
14.
Formation of Titanium Carbide/Aluminum Oxide Nanocomposite Powder by High-Energy Ball Milling and Subsequent Heat Treatment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The preparation of titanium carbide/aluminum oxide (TiC/Al2 O3 ) nanocomposite powders from a mixture of titanium, carbon, and Al2 O3 powders via a high-energy ball milling process and subsequent heat treatment was investigated. The microstructure development of the powder mixtures was monitored by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The ball milling of an elemental carbon, titanium, and Al2 O3 powder mixture at ambient temperature resulted in the formation of TiC within 15 h of milling. With further milling of up to 25 h, the resulting powder mixture was composed of nanosized TiC particles and nanocrystalline carbon, titanium, and Al2 O3 . The nanocrystalline titanium and carbon were transformed into nanosized TiC particles after subsequent heat treatment. The final product was composed of nanosized TiC and microcrystalline Al2 O3. Most of the nanosized TiC particles were located within Al2 O3 grains. 相似文献
15.
Silvia Schicker Daniel E. García Igor Gorlov Rolf Janssen Nils Claussen 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1999,82(10):2607-2612
Wet milling of Al2 O3 -aluminide alloy (3A) precursor powders in acetone has been investigated by milling Fe/Al/Al2 O3 and Fe2 O3 /Al/Al2 O3 powder mixtures. The influence of the milling process on the physical and chemical properties of the milled powders has been studied. Particle refinement and homogenization were found not to play a dominant role, whereas plastic deformation of the metal particles leads to the formation of dislocations and a highly disarranged polycrystalline structure. Although no chemical reactions among the powder components in Fe2 O3 /Al/Al2 O3 powder mixtures were observed, the formation of a nanocrystalline, ordered intermetallic FeAl phase in Fe/Al/Al2 O3 powder mixtures caused by mechanical alloying was detected. Chemical reactions of Fe and Al particle surfaces with the atmosphere and the milling media lead to the formation of highly porous hydroxides on the particle surfaces. Hence the specific surface area of the powders increases, while the powder density decreases during milling. The fraction of Fe oxidized during milling was determined to be 0.13. The fraction of Al oxidized during milling strongly depends on the metal content of the powder mixture. It ranges between 0.4 and 0.8. 相似文献
16.
Shaun P. Gaus Martin P. Harmer Helen M. Chan Hugo S. Caram Jörn Bruhn Nils Claussen 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2000,83(7):1606-1612
The reaction sintering of Ti x Al y –Al2 O3 composites from TiO2 /Al starting powder mixtures has been characterized by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), in situ temperature measurements, and predictions via a continuum model. In order to model the TiO2 /Al reaction system, it was necessary to first determine the postmill reactant concentrations and the dominant reaction. The postmill reactant concentrations were obtained from TG/DTA measurements in air, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to gain insight into the reaction mechanisms. A continuum model of the process was fitted to in situ temperature measurements by adjusting two parameters. The model was then used to investigate the effects of various processing conditions on the reaction behavior. 相似文献
17.
Kentaro Fukuda Teiichi Hanada Setsuhisa Tanabe Takeshi Yao 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2002,85(4):915-920
Amorphous films in the system Al2 O3 –Y2 O3 were prepared by the rf sputtering method in the range of 0–76 mol% Y2 O3 , and their density, refractive index, and elastic constants were measured. All of the physical properties of the amorphous Al2 O3 –Y2 O3 films had a similar compositional dependence; that is, they increased continuously, but not linearly with increasing Y2 O3 content. To confirm the coordination states of aluminum and yttrium ions in the amorphous Al2 O3 –Y2 O3 films, the Al K α X-ray emission spectra and the X-ray absorption near edge structures (XANES) were measured. The average coordination number of aluminum ions in the amorphous films containing up to about 40 mol% Y2 O3 content was 5, that is a mixture of 4-fold- and 6-fold-coordinated states. In the region of more than about 50 mol% Y2 O3 , the fraction of the 6-fold-coordinated aluminum ions increased with increasing Y2 O3 content, while the results led to the conclusion that the coordination number of yttrium ions was always 6, regardless of composition. These results indicate that, in amorphous films in the system Al2 O3 –Y2 O3 , the change of the coordination state of aluminum ions has an important effect on physical properties. 相似文献
18.
Activity–composition relations of FeCr2 O4 –FeAl2 O4 and MnCr2 O4 –MnAl2 O4 solid solutions were derived from activity–composition relations of Cr2 O3 –Al2 O3 solid solutions and directions of conjugation lines between coexisting spinel and sesquioxide phases in the systems FeO–Cr2 O3 –Al2 O3 and MnO–Cr2 O3 –Al2 O3 . Moderate positive deviations from ideality were observed. 相似文献
19.
In the system TiO2 —Al2 O3 , TiO2 (anatase, tetragonal) solid solutions crystallize at low temperatures (with up to ∼ 22 mol% Al2 O3 ) from amorphous materials prepared by the simultaneous hydrolysis of titanium and aluminum alkoxides. The lattice parameter a is relatively constant regardless of composition, whereas parameter c decreases linearly with increasing Al2 O3 . At higher temperatures, anatase solid solutions transform into TiO2 (rutile) with the formation of α-Al2 O3 . Powder characterization is studied. Pure anatase crystallizes at 220° to 360°C, and the anatase-to-rutile phase transformation occurs at 770° to 850°C. 相似文献
20.
Hsiu-Fung Cheng Tsai-Fa Lin Chen-Ti Hu I-Nan Lin 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1993,76(4):827-832
The effects of liquid-phase sintering aids on the microstructures and PTCR characteristics of (Sr0.2 Ba0.8 )TiO3 materials have been studied. The grain size of sintered materials monotonically decreases with increasing content of Al2 O3 –SiO2 –TiO2 (AST). The ultimate PTCR properties with ρht /ρrt as great as 105.61 are obtained for fine-grain (10-μm) samples, which contain 12.5 mol% AST and were sintered at 1350°C for 1.5 h. The quantity of liquid phase formed due to eutectic reaction between AST and (Sr,Ba)TiO3 is presumably the prime factor in determining the grain size of samples. The grains grow rapidly at the sintering temperature in the first stage until the liquid phase residing at the grain boundaries reaches certain critical thickness such that the liquid–solid interfacial energy dominates the mechanism of grain growth. 相似文献