基于混合变异策略的动态差分演化算法

为提高差分演化算法的收敛速度和求解精度,提出了一种基于混合变异策略和参数自适应调整的动态差分演化算法,该算法首先选用3种变异策略作为候选池,通过记录各策略的历史效果来设置其候选概率,每个个体采用轮盘赌的机制从候选池中选取一个变异策略进行变异,在选择时采用动态机制让变异交叉产生的优秀试验个体直接替换目标个体来提高算法的收敛速度,算法的变异算子F、交叉算子CR根据进化中的反馈信息自适应动态调整。利用13个不同类型的经典测试函数进行实验,结果表明算法在收敛速度和求解精度上具有比较好的优势。     

基于遗传算法求解应急决策系统中的最优路径

提出了一种将模拟退火算法和遗传算法相结合的进化算法GASA,利用Boltzmann机制 接收交叉和变异后的个体,避免遗传算法中存在的早熟收敛问题,增强了算法的全局收敛性,并对遗 传算子(选择、交叉、变异算子)进行重构,引入新的交叉算子和变异算子能根据种群的进化情况动态 调整遗传算子,加速进化后期搜索效率。实验表明,将此算法用于应急决策系统的最优路径的求解中 与传统算法相比,能加速进化速度和全局寻优能力,提高应急决策效率。     

LO型曲线的自适应遗传算法研究

标准的遗传算法在设置交叉算子和变异算子时使用固定的值,这样在求解复杂的优化问题时会存在解的多样性差和早熟的缺点。传统的自适应算法在收敛速度和解的多样性上是有效的,但是在算子调整的过程中,对算法演化过程中不同阶段的侧重不够(搜索空间、搜索精度、优秀模式的保存及进化动力),这样会使算法的收敛速度变慢并且减少优良解的多样性。提出一种改进的自适应调整算法来提高收敛速度及优良解的多样性,用Logistics曲线按照个体的适应度对交叉和变异算子的大小进行非线性调整,使得算子在演化的过程中满足不同阶段对搜索空间和搜索精度的要求。通过实验验证,新算法在收敛速度、稳定性及优良解的多样性上比传统的自适应遗传算法有优势。     

基于混合粒子群算法的移动机器人路径规划

为了确定复杂环境中移动机器人最优轨迹,提出了一种混合粒子群优化算法(IPSO-GOP).首先对粒子群优化算法进行改进,在算法运行的各个阶段对惯性权重进行自适应调整来增强粒子的搜索能力,并采用混沌变量对粒子进行扰动以提高收敛速度;其次,为了提高算法寻优能力,摆脱局部极小值并增加种群的多样性,引入遗传算法继承的多重交叉和变异两个进化算子(GOP)优化改进版本的粒子群算法(IPSO);最后,使用三次样条插值对该混合算法生成的路径进行平滑处理,得到无碰撞最短的几何连续路径.实验结果表明,多障碍物环境下IPSO-GOP算法减少了陷入局部最优的发生,加快了收敛速度;同时,与原粒子群优化算法(PSO)相比,该算法寻优能力显著,在路径规划问题上有明显的优势.     

自适应差分进化算法在入侵检测中的应用

针对开放式的网络环境要求入侵检测系统能够实时高效响应的问题,本文提出了一种自适应的差分进化算法ADE,用于入侵检测的特征选择.算法对网络数据的混合属性进行预处理,引入进化代数和个体适应度函数作为自适应算子动态调整摄动比例因子F和交叉概率CR,采用自适应变异策略提高进化的适应性.在KDDCUP 99数据集的测试结果表明,...     

改进的多种群算法优化隐马尔可夫模型预测篦压趋势

以篦冷机关键参数篦下压力为研究对象,提出一种篦压变化趋势预测模型.利用主成分分析对数据降维,以主元序列作为观测序列,构建改进的多种群算法优化隐马尔可夫模型参数.种群内利用轮盘赌算子选择个体,设计双区与均匀行交叉结合的自适应交叉算子避免局部收敛,进行动态变异率的多项式变异操作提高收敛速度,种群间提出混合师生交流机制的自适应移民算子保证多种群协同进化.仿真表明本文算法可收敛到全局最优,能提高收敛精度和速度,利用该算法建立的模型跟踪性能好,预测精度高,能满足对篦压趋势预测的要求.     

改进梯度算子的小生境遗传算法

为避免小生境遗传算法存在的早熟和收敛速度慢等问题,本文提出了一种改进的梯度算子,以保证进化朝最优解方向前进,提高计算峰值的精度。同时,利用进化代数和个体的适应度值,动态调整个体的交叉算子和变异算子,有效保证种群的多样性,改善全局搜索能力,加快收敛速度。将改进的梯度算子引入到基本小生境遗传算法和自适应小生境遗传算法,通过Shubert函数测试,证明本文改进后的算法与基本小生境遗传算法和自适应小生境遗传算法相比,不仅大大提高了收敛速度,并能搜索到所有全局最优解。     

基于Laplace分布变异的改进差分进化算法

为了提高差分进化算法(DEA)的收敛速度和寻优精度,提出了一种改进的差分进化算法。在该算法中,引入了基于Laplace分布的变异算子,并且能根据以往的进化经验自适应地调整进化策略及交叉概率以适应不同阶段的进化。通过5个典型Benchmark函数的测试结果表明,该算法的收敛速度快、求解精度高、鲁棒性较强,适合求解高维复杂的全局优化问题。     

基于自适应变异算子的差分进化算法

针对差分演化算法易于早熟、收敛速度慢和收敛精度低等问题,提出一种基于自适应变异算子的差分进化算法。给出个体向量粒子及维度层定义,并提出了基于维度层加权的异维维度选择策略,首次将加权异维学习策略引入差分演化算法中,有效地提高了种群的多样性;根据种群聚集度的思想,提出一种基于种群聚集度自适应的变异算子,该算子能依据种群个体当前的种群聚集度自适应地调整DE/best/1变异算子和加权异维学习变异算子的变异权重,加快算法收敛速度、提高其收敛精度。通过在20个典型的测试函数上进行测试,与7种具有代表性的算法相比,结果表明提出的算法在求解精度和收敛速度上具有很大优势,并显示出了非常好的鲁棒性。     

自适应遗传算法交叉变异算子的改进

标准遗传算法采用固定的交叉率和变异率,对于求解一般的全局最优问题具有较好的鲁棒性,而对于解决较复杂的优化问题则存在早熟及稳定性差的缺点。传统的自适应遗传算法虽能有效提高算法的收敛速度,却难以提高优良解的多样性,算法的鲁棒性仍有待改善。文章提出了一种改进的自适应遗传算法,对交叉算子和变异算子进行了优化,实现了交叉率和变异率的非线性自适应调整。实验结果表明,相比传统的自适应遗传算法,新算法具有更快的收敛速度和更可靠的稳定性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。