带冷却的涡轮叶片温度场耦合计算工程方法研究

集成涡轮叶片内部空气系统计算程序、表面外换热计算程序及壁温计算程序为一体,实现了带气膜冷却涡轮叶片内外换热及壁面导热的耦合计算,可以快速进行涡轮叶片温度场分布计算并为涡轮叶片内外部冷却系统优化设计奠定了基础.     

燃气轮机叶片轮盘振动特性分析

对燃气轮机关键部件－叶片轮盘的振动特性和叶片轮盘振动的国内外研究状况作一简要综述。涉及单只叶片振动、轮盘振动、叶片－轮盘耦合振动、带突肩和带冠叶片振动,以及共振和颤振等方面,同时给出了叶片和叶盘耦合系统振动特性计算分析的实例。     

燃机透平叶片气膜冷却特性研究

采用存在源项的叶栅三维黏性流数值方法计算与分析了存在气膜射流的燃气侧的流动与换热特性,确定了吹气比、来流湍流度、气膜孔展向间距与展向射流角等因素对气膜有效度的影响,并分析了其机理.     

成圈叶片结构振动特性的整体计算模型

用扭曲梁单元和空间梁单元分别模化长叶片的叶型和连接件，并采用坐标变换将单元的动能和弹性应变能表达式从局部坐标系转化到总体坐标系，建立了分析成圈长叶片结构振动特性的整体计算模型。考虑到叶片结构的周期对称性，在建立方程时将指定位移的自由度保留在局部坐标系上。借助商业软件TECPLOT作为后处理，使模态振型可以直观的表现出来。算例表明，该模型可以有效计算成圈长叶片结构的振动特性，很好地反映成圈叶片结构的节径振动和节圆振动，为成圈叶片的振动设计和振动测量提供指导。     

叶片振动特性分析中的随机力学方法

分析了影响叶片振动特性的因素的不确定性，提出采用随机力学方法研究叶片振动特性，建立了叶片振动频率分析的概率分析模型，并分析比较了三种随机有限元求解方法用于叶片随机响应分析的特点，为叶片振动特性的可靠性设计提供了新的分析方法。     

某三元流长叶片振动特性的计算与分析

运用有限元方法对三元流长叶片的振动特性进行了分析计算,特别对三元流长叶片的根部约束形式进行了深入探讨,并得出叶片振频和根部的约束形式之间的关系,为进一步分析三元流长叶片的断裂原因确定了依据。     

用PIV法研究燃气轮机冷却叶片的冷却空气流场

采用粒子成像技术-PIV（Particle Image Velocimetry）,测量某型燃气轮机第一级动叶的内部复杂冷却通路中流动的速度分布,介绍了实验装置,实验方法和实验结果,分析了冷却空气的流动情况和分配方式。     

汽轮机末级扭叶片振动特性分析

运用有限元法分析了6000kW汽轮机末级扭叶片振动特性,讨论了单元的选取和边界条件的确定等问题,考虑了离心力对振动特性的影响,得到单个自由叶片的切向弯曲、轴向弯曲、二阶弯曲、扭转及弯曲-扭转耦合等前五阶振动频率及相应的振型,然后将计算结果与测试及解析计算进行比较,表明本文建立的模型和分析方法具有工程实用价值。     

叶片振动特性的三维非协调有限元计算

推导了用空间八节点非协调等参数单元描述叶片振动特性的有限元力学方程,建立了静频,动频计算和稳态应力计算模型;解决了用八节点体单元计算叶片振动特性时刚度过大的问题,给出了６８０ｍｍ叶片的算例。     

Conjugate heat transfer investigation on the cooling performance of air cooled turbine blade with thermal barrier coating

A hot wind tunnel of annular cascade test rig is established for measuring temperature distribution on a real gas turbine blade surface with infrared camera. Besides, conjugate heat transfer numerical simulation is performed to obtain cooling efficiency distribution on both blade substrate surface and coating surface for comparison. The effect of thermal barrier coating on the overall cooling performance for blades is compared under varied mass flow rate of coolant, and spatial difference is also discussed. Results indicate that the cooling efficiency in the leading edge and trailing edge areas of the blade is the lowest. The cooling performance is not only influenced by the internal cooling structures layout inside the blade but also by the flow condition of the mainstream in the external cascade path. Thermal barrier effects of the coating vary at different regions of the blade surface, where higher internal cooling performance exists, more effective the thermal barrier will be, which means the thermal protection effect of coatings is remarkable in these regions. At the designed mass flow ratio condition, the cooling efficiency on the pressure side varies by 0.13 for the coating surface and substrate surface, while this value is 0.09 on the suction side.     

钝尾缘叶片有限元模态与实验模态的对比研究

风力机叶片的模态分析是保障风力机整机稳定性及其可靠性分析的重要基础。对中国科学院工程热物理研究所研发的100kW钝尾缘实验叶片进行了有限元模态及实验模态研究,得出了叶片前几阶模态的振型及频率,探讨了对叶片稳定性影响比较显著的模态特性,通过对有限元模态及实验模态结果对比,分析了产生误差的原因及产生共振的可能性,为风力机叶片的稳定运行提供了理论依据。     

带沟槽涡轮叶片颗粒沉积特性和气膜冷却性能研究

为探究带沟槽叶片的颗粒沉积特性以及气膜冷却性能,以某型高压涡轮含有尾缘劈缝结构的涡轮叶片为原型,针对实际工况建立沉积模型,采用数值模拟方法研究了0<M≤2不同吹风比下沟槽结构对叶片表面颗粒沉积特性和叶片表面气膜冷却性能的影响规律。结果表明：沟槽结构提高了总碰撞效率,降低了总沉积效率,颗粒易沉积于气膜孔下游以外区域以及端壁两侧,沟槽导致压力面中后部颗粒沉积的区域增大;随着吹风比的增加,沟槽内部捕获效率提高,整体颗粒捕获效率降低,沟槽内部的气膜冷却性能不断下降,但沟槽下游部分区域的气膜冷却性能优于原始结构;沟槽的存在使下游附近沿展向的气膜覆盖区域变大,冷却性能提升,沿孔流向的展向平均气膜冷却效率最高可提升18%。     

涡轮机叶片扭转振动的有限差分法

本文提供了计算无冠涡轮机叶片扭转振动的近似方法。该方法具有数据处理简便、计算时所占计算机内存少、基本保证工程计算精度等优点,并且就该方法的可行性进行了系统的说明和实验对比。     

Improved fixed point iterative method for blade element momentum computations

The blade element momentum (BEM) theory is widely used in aerodynamic performance calculations and optimization applications for wind turbines. The fixed point iterative method is the most commonly utilized technique to solve the BEM equations. However, this method sometimes does not converge to the physical solution, especially for the locations near the blade tip and root where the failure rate of the iterative method is high. The stability and accuracy of aerodynamic calculations and optimizations are greatly reduced due to this problem. The intrinsic mechanisms leading to convergence problems are addressed through both theoretical analysis and numerical tests. A term from the BEM equations equals to zero at a critical inflow angle is the source of the convergence problems. When the initial inflow angle is set larger than the critical inflow angle and the relaxation methodology is adopted, the convergence ability of the iterative method will be greatly enhanced. Numerical tests have been performed under different combinations of local tip speed ratio, local solidity, local twist and airfoil aerodynamic data. Results show that the simple iterative methods have a good convergence ability which will improve the aerodynamic or structural design of wind turbines. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Numerical validation of a finite element thin‐walled beam model of a composite wind turbine blade

This paper presents a numerical validation of a thin‐walled beam (TWB) finite element (FE) model of a realistic wind turbine rotor blade. Based on the theory originally developed by Librescu et al. and later extended to suit FE modelling by Phuong, Lee and others, this computationally efficient yet accurate numerical model is capable of capturing most of the features found in large blades including thin‐walled hollow cross section with variable thickness along the section's contour, inner reinforcements, arbitrary material layup and non‐linear anisotropic fibre‐reinforced composites; the present application is, for the time being, restricted to linearity. This one‐dimensional (1D) FE model allows retaining information of different regions of the blade's shell and therefore approximates the behaviour of more complex three‐dimensional (3D) shell or solid FE models more accurately than typical 1D FE beam models. A 9.2 m rotor blade, previously reported in specialized literature, was chosen as a case study to validate the static and dynamic behaviour predicted by a TWB model against an industry‐standard 3D shell model built in a commercial software tool. Given the geometric and material complexities involved, an excellent agreement was found for static deformation curves, as well as a good prediction of the lowest frequency modes in terms of resonance frequencies, mode shapes and frequency response functions; the highest (sixth) frequency mode shows only a fair agreement as expected for an FE model. It is concluded that despite its simplicity, a TWB FE model is sufficiently accurate to serve as a design tool for the recursive analyses required during design and optimization stages of wind turbines using only readily available computational tools. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Flow,thermal, and vibration analysis using three dimensional finite element analysis for a flux reversal generator

This paper presents the simulation of major mechanical properties of a flux reversal generator (FRG) viz., computational fluid dynamic (CFD), thermal, and vibration. A three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) based CFD technique for finding the spread of pressure and air velocity in air regions of the FRG is described. The results of CFD are mainly obtained to fine tune the thermal analysis. Thus, in this focus, a flow analysis assisted thermal analysis is presented to predict the steady state temperature distribution inside FRG. The heat transfer coefficient of all the heat producing inner walls of the machine are evaluated from CFD analysis, which forms the main factor for the prediction of accurate heat distribution. The vibration analysis is illustrated. Major vibration sources such as mechanical, magnetic and applied loads are covered elaborately which consists of a 3D modal analysis to find the natural frequency of FRG, a 3D static stress analysis to predict the deformation of the stator, rotor and shaft for different speeds, and an unbalanced rotor harmonic analysis to find eccentricity of rotor to make sure that the vibration of the rotor is within the acceptable limits. Harmonic analysis such as sine sweep analysis to identify the range of speeds causing high vibrations and steady state vibration at a mode frequency of 1500 Hz is presented. The vibration analysis investigates the vibration of the FRG as a whole, which forms the contribution of this paper in the FRG literature.     

进口温度不均匀对涡轮叶片热应力的影响

针对航空涡轮叶片的温度场预测问题,采用CFD(computational fluid dynamics)软件和有限元计算理论与方法,以对流冷却叶片的温度场与热应力求解为例,分别计算了涡轮进口温度均匀和不均匀时叶片的温度场和热应力,分析了涡轮进口温度不均匀对叶片热应力的影响,其中叶片温度场的求解采用气热耦合的方法即直接应用CFD软件计算叶片温度场,再依据温度场进行了有限元热应力分析.结果表明,进口温度不均匀时比进口温度均匀时叶片的热应力增大10%左右.     

The interior heat transfer characteristics of gas turbine blade due to sparse film cooling holes

The film cooling technique is one of the most useful cooling methods. At present, the midchord region of gas turbine blades in an aeroengine often adopt a sparse film cooling technique and impingement cooling technique at the same time. So the interior heat transfer characteristics on the inner side of blades due to the sparse film cooling holes have become a very complicated and interesting problem. In this paper, the heat transfer characteristics of impingement‐cooling have been investigated experimentally. Through lots of experimental data, the effect of flow parameters and geometric parameters on heat transfer characteristics has been studied. Correlation equations obtained show good agreement with experimental data. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 34(3): 197–207, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20052     

Emergency stop simulation using a finite element model developed for large blade deflections

Predicting the load in every possible situation is necessary in order to build safe and optimized structures. A highly dynamical case where large loads are developed is an emergency stop. Design simulation tools that can cope with the upcoming non‐linearities will be especially important as the turbines get bigger and more flexible. The model developed here uses the advanced commercial finite element system MSC.Marc, focused on non‐linear design and analysis, to predict the structural response. The aerodynamic model named AERFORCE, used to transform the wind to loads on the blades, is a blade element momentum model. A comparison is made between measured and calculated loads for the Tjæreborg wind turbine during emergency braking of the rotor. The simulation results correspond well with measured data. The conclusion is that the aeroelastic tool is likely to perform well when simulating more flexible turbines. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.