电石渣激发矿渣-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料的作用机制

为探究矿渣、粉煤灰及电石渣的资源化利用,以电石渣作为碱激发剂,研究了矿渣-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料的水化产物组成及强度特征。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、热重-差示扫描热(TG-DSC)、扫描电子显微镜及能谱(SEM-EDS)等微观测试技术,分析了复合胶凝材料的晶体结构、热化学性质以及微观形貌等特性,研究了电石渣激发矿渣-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料的作用机制。结果表明：电石渣作为碱激发剂时能为矿渣-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料提供初始水化所需要的强碱环境,驱动矿渣和粉煤灰发生水化反应。随着矿渣掺量的增加,复合胶凝材料的强度发展呈先增加后减小的变化趋势,在粉煤灰与矿渣掺量质量配比为4∶6、外掺电石渣质量分数为4%时,复合材料浆体经4 d常温养护+32 h高温蒸汽养护后抗压强度达到25.9 MPa;矿渣-粉煤灰复合胶凝体系中水化产物分布不均,主要组成为水化硅酸钙、水化铝酸钙、水化硅铝酸钙等凝胶。电石渣作为矿渣-粉煤灰体系的碱激发剂使用时效果良好。     

直流电预养护对NaOH激发粉煤灰早期强度的影响研究

以超细粉煤灰为原料,NaOH为激发剂,在常温养护前用短时间(1 h)直流电预养护方式有效改善了碱激发粉煤灰胶凝材料的早期性能.研究了直流电预养护对碱激发粉煤灰胶凝材料净浆试样内部温度、凝结时间以及力学性能的影响.结果 表明:常温养护前使用短时间(1 h)直流电预养护可以显著改善材料的凝结性能和早期力学性能.在直流电预养护条件下,养护电压越高,碱激发胶凝材料试样内部温度的峰值也越高.在常温养护条件下,碱激发粉煤灰主要发生的是粉煤灰中的部分玻璃相溶解缩聚生成少量无定形铝硅酸盐凝胶的水化反应,而使用直流电预养护后可使碱激发胶凝材料在早期水化过程中生成更多的铝硅酸盐凝胶和羟基方钠石,从而改善了材料的早期力学性能.     

碱激发粉煤灰/钢渣胶凝材料的制备

以低钙粉煤灰和钢渣为主要原料制备碱激发胶凝材料,对比了碱激发粉煤灰和碱激发粉煤灰-钢渣复合胶凝材料的力学性能,研究了原料配比、水玻璃模数和早期养护温度对力学性能的影响,并对比了两种胶凝材料的水化产物.结果 表明,钢渣与粉煤灰质量比为1∶2,水玻璃模数为1.4,早期养护温度为80℃时,复合胶凝材料的抗压强度最高,且优于纯粉煤灰组的强度.钢渣的掺入促进了体系中生成较多的钠系菱沸石,为胶凝材料提供了更高的强度.     

化学激发硅灰强化钢渣基胶凝材料的微观结构及力学性能

化学激发钢渣基胶凝材料的抗压强度低,难以满足建筑材料对强度的要求;通过掺入少量硅灰以加速其水化反应,改善化学激发钢渣基胶凝材料的力学性能.当碱激发剂Na2SiO3·9H2O用量11wt％,硅灰掺量10wt％时,碱激发硅灰-钢渣基胶凝材料在室温养护28 d后,其抗压强度达56.7 MPa,较不掺硅灰的胶凝材料强度提高了59.72％.XRD、SEM及MIP结果表明:钢渣在碱激发作用下,随龄期的延长,氢氧化钙量逐渐减少,无定形的水化产物增多,微观结构更加致密,加入硅灰后,最可几孔径明显减小,无害孔的数量明显增多,导致其强度大幅度提高.     

粉煤灰对碱激发矿渣/粉煤灰体系的作用机理研究

碱激发胶凝材料是以工业固体废弃物为原料制备的一种绿色无机胶凝材料,具有良好的力学性能与耐久性能。粉煤灰因其独特的球体微观结构与其他固废微粉存在本质区别,因此粉煤灰在碱激发胶凝材料体系中的作用机理亟待研究。以矿渣与粉煤灰为原料,利用碱激发剂制备胶凝材料,并对材料进行抗压强度测试,最后采用XRD、FTIR和SEM探究碱激发矿渣/粉煤灰体系的水化反应机理,研究粉煤灰对矿渣/粉煤灰体系的作用机理。结果表明:外掺3%(质量分数)NaOH作为碱激发剂,水固比为0.4时,随粉煤灰掺量减少,抗压强度呈现先上升后下降的趋势;m(矿渣):m(粉煤灰)为4:1时,28 d抗压强度达到峰值(37.1 MPa)。粉煤灰颗粒在不同龄期形成具有不同反应程度与尺寸的嵌入式微观结构,对材料力学性能起到不利影响;但粉煤灰的活化程度随龄期延长逐渐变大,对后期强度发展有持续贡献。碱激发矿渣/粉煤灰体系水化产物中含有Friedel盐、托贝莫来石、钙矾石、C-S-H/C-A-S-H凝胶,以及粉煤灰中残留的α石英相。随粉煤灰掺量增加,托贝莫来石生成量减少,钙矾石向Friedel盐转变,钙矾石生成量减少,Friedel盐生成量增多。     

碱激发烧煤矸石胶凝材料的力学性能和微观结构

用高浓度碱溶液激发烧煤矸石制备碱胶凝材料,对其激发进程和水化产物进行了探讨。研究了碱胶凝材料的力学性能、微观结构和特征。结果表明：水化产物是类似于沸石类结构的无定形碱-硅铝凝胶,碱溶液、液固比、养护温度和养护时间等因素影响着水化产物及其强度的形成。采用模数为1．23钠水玻璃与烧煤矸石混合(液固质量比0．3),在90℃养护24h可获得抗压强度为42．5MPa的碱胶凝材料。     

蒸养条件下复合胶凝材料水化过程(英文)

复合胶凝材料水化性能在蒸汽养护及标准养护下有很大差异。通过水化程度、水化产物分析,研究了养护条件及胶凝材料组成对大掺量粉煤灰和磨细矿渣粉矿物掺合料复合胶凝材料体系水化性能的影响。采用化学结合水法、氢氧化钙法及X射线衍射法对复合胶凝材料的水化程度和水化产物进行了表征。结果表明:蒸汽养护条件加速了复合胶凝材料的早期水化,在蒸养阶段更为明显;化学结合水法和氢氧化钙法均能表征胶凝材料的水化程度,当采用氢氧化钙法时,应考虑掺合料火山灰反应影响;蒸汽养护条件下,复合胶凝材料的水化产物种类不变,但水化产物含量增多。     

含粉煤灰或石英粉复合胶凝材料的抗压强度发展规律

用细度基本相同的粉煤灰和石英粉作为活性和惰性矿物掺和料,研究了不同水胶比、不同养护温度条件下,矿物掺和料的种类和掺量对复合胶凝材料抗压强度发展特性的影响.在水化初期,颗粒形貌等物理因素比反应程度等化学因素更能影响含有矿物掺和料的复合胶凝材料的抗压强度发展特性,活性与惰性矿物掺和料的作用基本相同.热激发能明显促进粉煤灰的火山灰反应,有利于含粉煤灰的复合胶凝材料的抗压强度发展.含大掺量粉煤灰的复合胶凝材料特别适合用于内部能较长时间维持较高温度的大体积混凝土结构.     

浅谈蒸汽养护条件下水泥—粉煤灰复合胶凝材料的水化性能

通过测定不同龄期净浆的化学结合水量和抗压强度，研究了在蒸汽养护条件下粉煤灰掺量、细度对水泥一粉煤灰复合胶凝材料水化性能的影响。     

碱激发磷渣基胶凝材料的性能及微观结构分析

以磷渣(PS)为主要原料,配合高炉矿渣(BFS),在碱性普通硅酸盐水泥(OPC)或氢氧化钙(CH)的作用下,制备碱激发磷渣基胶凝材料.主要研究PS/BFS质量配比、养护方式、OPC和CH掺量对材料抗压强度的影响,并通过XRD、FT-IR、TG-DTG、SEM-EDS等表征手段分析材料的物相组成和微观形貌.结果 表明,当PS/BFS质量比为7∶2、OPC掺量为10％或CH掺量为4％,蒸汽养护32 h时,二者对材料的激发效果及原理类似,其材料抗压强度分别达46.0 MPa、43.3 MPa,水化产物主要为水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)和水化硅铝酸钙(C-A-S-H)凝胶.     

Packing effect and pozzolanic reaction of fly ash in mortar

This research is to study the effect of particle size of fly ash on packing effect and pozzolanic reaction of mortar when 20% of fly ash is used to replace Portland cement type I. Both effects can be determined by using fly ash and insoluble material which have almost the same particle size to replace Portland cement type I. Normally, the compressive strength of fly ash mortar is contributed from hydration reaction, packing effect, and pozzolanic reaction. For mortar mixed with insoluble material, the compressive strength is due to hydration reaction and packing effect. Thus, compressive strength due to pozzolanic reaction can be determined from the difference in compressive strength between fly ash mortar and insoluble material mortar. The results show that the strength activity index of fly ash mortar depends on the median particle size of fly ash and curing ages of mortar samples. At early ages, the strength activity index of fly ash mortar due to packing effect is higher than that due to pozzolanic reaction. At the ages of 3 to 90 days, the difference in strength activity index due to packing effect of fly ashes with median particle size of 2.7 and 160 μm is almost constant about 22% of the strength of standard mortar (STD). The differences in strength activity index due to pozzolanic reaction of fly ashes with median particle size of 2.7 and 160 μm are 3%, 20%, and 27%, respectively, at the ages of 3, 28, and 90 days.     

Strength and microstructural characteristics of chemically activated fly ash-cement systems

The use of fly ash as a cement replacement material increases the long-term strength and durability of concrete. Despite these great benefits, the use of fly ash is limited due to the low early strength of fly ash concrete. To eliminate this problem, many studies have been conducted on accelerating the pozzolanic properties of fly ash. The study reported below investigated the strength and microstructural characteristics of fly ash-cement systems containing three kinds of activators—Na₂SO₄, K₂SO₄, and triethanolamine—to accelerate the early strength of fly ash mortars. Through the use of thermal gravity analysis, it was demonstrated that the activators not only decreased or maintained the amount of Ca(OH)₂ products, but also increased the production of ettringite at early ages. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microcopy, and mercury intrusion porosimetry also confirmed that in the early curing stages of fly ash-cement pastes containing activators, large amounts of ettringite were formed, resulting in a reduction in the pore size ranging from 0.01 to 5 μm. The research results support the supposition that the addition of small amounts of activators is a viable solution for increasing the early-age compressive strength of fly ash concrete.     

Studies on blended cement with a large amount of fly ash

The influence of the contents of the clinker, activators and fly ash on the properties of blended cement with high fly ash content was studied. Experimental data from X-ray diffraction and pore size distribution indicated that the main hydration product of the fly ash blended cement was C-S-H gel, ettringite and a small amount of Ca(OH)₂. The volume porosity of the pores with diameter bigger than 0.1 μm was lower than that of the micro pores and gel pores with diameter lower than 0.05 μm. The amount of chemical combined water has increased with the curing age duration, while the content of Ca(OH)₂ has reduced after 7 days.     

原状粉煤灰对超高性能混凝土性能的影响

为提高粉煤灰的综合利用率,降低原料成本,采用未经磨细和分选的原状粉煤灰等质量替代硅灰来制备超高性能混凝土(UHPC),并研究了不同掺量的原状粉煤灰对UHPC力学性能及微观结构的影响。结果表明:原状粉煤灰的掺入可使UHPC中胶凝材料的粒度呈梯度分布,形成良好的微级配;并且使新拌混凝土的流动度增大,影响了钢纤维在UHPC基体中的分布;当原状粉煤灰掺重不超过30%时,UHPC抗折强度随着原状粉煤灰掺量的增加呈现不同程度的增长,30%原状粉煤灰掺量的UHPC抗折强度与不掺粉煤灰的空白样相比提高了34%;由于原状粉煤灰水化缓慢,当原状粉煤灰掺量在0%~40%时,UHPC抗压强度随着原状粉煤灰掺量的增加有所下降。孔结构分析表明:UHPC的平均孔径以及总孔体积均随着原状粉煤灰的掺入而减小,基体更加密实;当原状粉煤灰掺量为30%时,SEM照片显示钢纤维与UHPC基体结合紧密,界面黏结增强。     

粉煤灰地聚合物力学性能影响因素研究综述

粉煤灰地聚合物是以粉煤灰为硅铝质原料制备的,具有强度高、耐高温、耐腐蚀、有效固封金属离子等优点。但它固有的脆性以及需高温养护才能快速获得高强度的特点限制了其运用范围,而以纤维作为增强材料不仅可以提高粉煤灰地聚合物的强度,还可以改善其延性和韧性。本文主要从粉煤灰原料特性、碱激发剂、养护制度和增强材料四方面入手,重点阐述了粉煤灰粒径和化学组成,碱激发剂的种类、用量和模数,升温养护时间和初期养护温度对抗压强度的影响,以及纤维对粉煤灰地聚合物抗压强度和弯曲性能的影响。最后,根据现有的研究成果,对四种影响因素分别是如何影响粉煤灰地聚合物力学性能进行总结。     

养护温度和粉煤灰对补偿收缩混凝土膨胀效能的影响

研究了养护温度和粉煤灰掺量对补偿收缩混凝土的膨胀效能和强度的影响。结果表明：20、40℃养护时混凝土的各龄期强度均匀增长;60℃养护能极大地促进早期强度增长,后期强度增长缓慢。粉煤灰在不同养护温度下对混凝土的早期强度发展都有抑制作用;长期高温养护后,粉煤灰活性逐渐显现,显著促进混凝土的强度增长,且粉煤灰掺量越大,混凝土强度增幅越大。硫铝酸钙–氧化钙类膨胀剂的膨胀效能发挥对温度非常敏感,养护温度越高,膨胀剂的水化速度越快,膨胀作用发挥越早;适量掺加粉煤灰有利于膨胀效能的发挥,掺量越大,膨胀随温度增长的增幅越大。大掺量粉煤灰补偿收缩混凝土的强度发展和限制膨胀率的温度敏感性均很高。     

矿渣-粉煤灰混合材料水化产物、微观结构和性能

用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜等对矿渣、粉煤灰混合材料的水化产物、硬化体微观结构及强度进行了检测和分析,确定了水化产物的组成及微观结构特点,揭示了矿渣粉煤灰材料的水化作用特点及强度特征.结果表明:矿渣在激发剂作用下使玻璃体首先发生表面水解,产生水化反应,进而引发粉煤灰的火山灰作用;混合材料的水化产物组分以水化硅酸钙凝胶为主,硬化体具有与油井水泥相类似的网络状微观结构;随养护时间增长,混合材料后期强度持续增加.     

激发剂对蒸养水泥一粉煤灰胶凝材料性能的影响

通过测定不同龄期净浆化学结合水量和抗压强度,并结合SEM,研究了在蒸养条件下激发剂对水泥-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料水化性能的影响。结果表明：蒸养条件及激发剂提高了水泥-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料的水化速度与粉煤灰的活性。     

Properties of high-volume fly ash concrete incorporating nano-SiO2

This paper presents a laboratory study on the properties of high-volume fly ash high-strength concrete incorporating nano-SiO₂ (SHFAC). The results were compared with those of control Portland cement concrete (PCC) and of high-volume fly ash high-strength concrete (HFAC). Assessments of these concrete mixes were based on short- and long-term performance. These included compressive strength and pore size distribution. Significant strength increases of SHFAC compared to the high-volume fly ash high-strength were observed as early as after 3 days curing, and improvements in the pore size distribution of SHFAC were also observed. In this work, the hydration heat of nano-SiO₂ fly ash cement systems was also studied in comparison to the fly ash-cement systems and to the pure cement systems. In addition, the weight change of fly ash incorporating nano-SiO₂, fly ash, and nano-SiO₂ alone after immersed in saturated lime solution was also studied.     

Hydration characteristics of waste sludge ash that is reused in eco-cement clinkers

The study reports on the hydration characteristics of eco-cement clinkers produced with waste sludge ash as raw components. The tested mixtures were composed of different types of waste sludge ash, including sewage sludge ash, water purification sludge ash, limestone, and ferrate, prepared using the optimum proportioning method. The mixtures were burned at 1400 °C for 6 h. The clinkers thus obtained were quantified and the hydration characteristics of the eco-cement pastes prepared from the waste sludge ashes. The setting time, compressive strength, hydrates and porosity distribution were examined at various ages. The 28-day compressive strength of the early high strength developing of eco-cement C paste outperformed that of ordinary Portland cement paste by 3 MPa. It is supposed that the large quantity of limestone used provided CaO, which in turn enhanced the formation of C₃S, leading to the greater compressive strength development in the eco-cement C paste. From the porosity distribution, shown by the Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry results, it was found that, with increasing curing ages, the gel pores (<0.01 μm) increased and the total porosity and capillary pores (>0.01 μm) decreased—a result that shows that hydrates had filled the pores. This resulting densification and enhanced later strength were caused by the shifting of the pore size distribution to a smaller diameter range.