阿利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥砂浆的力学性能和干缩性能

通过与硅酸盐水泥(portland cement,PC)对比,研究了阿利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥(alite-barium calcium sulphoaluminate cement,SABC)砂浆的力学性能和干缩性能.采用X射线衍射和扫描电镜对养护28 d SABC砂浆水化产物的物相组成、形貌以及硬化砂浆的微观结构进行了分析和观察,用压汞法对硬化砂浆的孔结构进行了分析.结果表明:SABC砂浆具有较高的早期强度,添加适量掺合料的可以提高砂浆的强度.且添加矿渣的效果更显著.由于SABC的微膨胀性能,使其砂浆的干缩性能优于pC砂浆.用≤20%(质量分数,下同)矿渣和粉煤灰取代SABC后,可以减小砂浆的干缩率,当取代量超过20%后干缩率随之增大;与掺加矿渣的SABC砂浆的干缩率相比,加入粉煤灰的SABC砂浆干缩率较小.     

矿物掺合料对砂浆失水和干缩性能的影响

研究了在固定水胶比和胶砂比条件下 ,矿物掺合料的种类和掺量对砂浆失水和干缩性能的影响。试验结果表明 ,由于不同矿物掺合料对砂浆水化速率与过程影响不同 ,引起砂浆失水和干燥收缩性能发生变化 ;随着矿物掺合料掺量增大 ,不同矿物掺合料的砂浆失水对干缩影响也不一致。     

燧石粉对ASR膨胀性抑制作用的研究

当存在碱硅酸反应风险时,如何抑制混凝土的膨胀破坏是很重要的.本文探讨将磨细碱活性骨料作为混凝土掺合料,研究其对ASR膨胀性的抑制作用.文中对比燧石粉不同比表面积和不同掺量的胶砂试件,采用快速砂浆棒法测定其在各龄期膨胀率,并结合扫描电子显微镜( SEM)和能谱分析( EDS),研究磨细燧石粉对于ASR (Alkali-Silica Reaction, ASR)膨胀性的影响.结果表明:通过掺加一定比表面积和掺量燧石粉可以有效地抑制胶砂试件因ASR产生的膨胀;SEM和EDS分析显示掺入一定比表面积和适量的燧石粉后,燧石骨料周围碱硅酸凝胶产量减少,说明燧石粉的掺入可以有效减少活性骨料表面发生ASR;同时水化硅酸钙的钙硅比亦有所降低,提升水化硅酸钙的固碱能力,进一步有效抑制ASR.本研究结果能为使用潜在碱活性骨料时,抑制其ASR反应措施提供一定的参考.     

膨胀型复合矿物掺合料对混凝土耐磨性能的影响

试验研究了添加膨胀组分的复合矿物掺合料的混凝土耐磨性能。设计了20个配合比的试验来评价混凝土的性能,研究发现,在掺合料取代率为40％时混凝土具有较高的耐磨性。对于矿粉-膨胀组分复合型掺合料,膨胀剂占掺合料比例8％～12％时,混凝土耐磨性能随膨胀剂掺量的增加而增大。     

不同粒径废阴极射线管玻璃砂对混凝土性能的影响试验

为了研究不同粒径废阴极射线管玻璃(Cathode Ray Tube,简称:CRT)玻璃纱对混凝土性能的影响,采用四种最大粒径CRT废玻璃砂取代25％的河砂,同时掺入20％粉煤灰作为矿物掺合料配制成防辐射混凝土,并开展了混凝土相关性能的研究.结果表明:CRT废玻璃砂增大了混凝土的坍落度、表观密度,使得碱骨料反应膨胀率增大,混凝土抗压强度减小,混凝土屏蔽性能增强.随着最大粒径的减小,混凝土的坍落度、表观密度减小,立方体抗压强度先增大后减小,当最大粒径为2.36 mm时,立方体抗压强度达到最大值,碱骨料反应膨胀率减小,混凝土的防辐射效果有所增强.     

膨胀型复合矿物掺合料对混凝土短期抗冻性能的影响

研究了添加膨胀组分的复合矿物掺舍料混凝土的短期抗冻性能。设计了20个配合比试验来评价混凝土的性能,研究发现,在掺合料取代率为40％时混凝土具有较高的短期抗冻性,对于矿粉-膨胀组分复合型掺合料,膨胀剂占掺合料比例从8％～12％变化时,混凝土短期抗冻性能随膨胀剂掺量的增加而增大。     

再生骨料取代率及矿物掺合料对混凝土力学性能的影响

试验研究了再生骨料取代率及矿物掺合料对混凝土力学性能的影响。研究结果表明：随着再生骨料取代率的增加,混凝土的和易性和强度呈下降趋势,当取代率超过60％时,混凝土的强度下降较快。再生骨料取代率为60％时,掺入适量矿物掺合料,使混凝土的和易性得以改善,强度影响不大。     

碳化作用下轻骨料混凝土干缩变形及影响规律

采用碳化试验和干燥收缩试验相结合,研究了轻骨料混凝土在碳化作用下的干缩变形发展规律及其影响因素。结果表明,加速碳化作用下,轻骨料混凝土的干缩变形显著增长,而随着矿物掺合料的掺入,干缩率得到一定程度的抑制,其中掺超细粉煤灰轻骨料混凝土碳化干缩率最小;骨料预湿完全条件下轻骨料混凝土水胶比越大,碳化干缩变形越大;轻骨料混凝土在高浓度CO2加速碳化作用下干缩变形显著高于自然碳化混凝土;而在相对湿度50%条件下碳化时,其干缩率要大于其它湿度条件下的试样;另外,轻骨料预湿后混凝土碳化干缩率要低于未预湿轻骨料混凝土。因此,在实际工程中,选择合适的矿物掺合料、水胶比、养护条件以及骨料的预湿工艺对轻骨料混凝土的减缩防裂具有较好的效果。     

一氧化碳脱毒铬渣制备水泥矿物掺合料

实验研究了模拟一氧化碳工业废气解毒的脱毒铬渣制备水泥矿物掺合料时,其添加比对胶砂试件抗压、抗折强度及凝结时间的影响,测定了试件中总铬（Cr）和六价铬Cr（Ⅵ）浸出浓度,并采用半动态浸出实验测定其有效扩散系数D和扩散因子L。结果表明,细磨后的脱毒铬渣符合水泥矿物掺合料的性能要求,随着添加比例的增加,胶砂凝结时间增加,抗压、抗折强度下降,但各实验组试件均达到C60的强度等级要求。试件中Cr（Ⅵ）和总Cr的D值达到10^-10~10^-9数量级,L值>9,迁移能力极低,证明制备矿物掺合料是一种安全有效的脱毒铬渣资源化处置方法。     

石灰石粉对砂浆微观结构和力学性能的影响

石材加工产生的石灰石粉含有较多的0-100μm颗粒,可作为混凝土、砂浆的掺合料。在确保砂浆强度的情况下,确定了石灰石粉在砂浆中的最大掺量,研究石灰石粉对砂浆微观结构、力学性能及干缩性能的影响。实验结果表明：掺加适量的石灰石粉可提高浆体堆积密度,减少浆体的需水量,进而降低了浆体总孔隙率及有害大孔数量,提高了砂浆抗压、抗折强度,降低了砂浆干缩率。虽然高掺量（45％）石灰石粉砂浆总孔隙率增加,但有害大孔数量减少,砂浆抗压、抗折强度仅略有下降。     

含玻璃砂的高性能碱激发矿渣砂浆性能研究

采用玻璃砂代替部分细骨料制备碱激发矿渣(AAS)砂浆后,研究了玻璃砂含量(0%、10%、20%、30%,质量分数)对AAS砂浆抗压强度、抗折强度、干燥收缩、导热系数和碱-硅酸反应(ASR)膨胀率的影响,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对微观机理进行了分析。结果表明：掺10%～30%的玻璃砂能显著提高AAS砂浆的早期抗压强度,但会略微降低28 d抗压强度;AAS砂浆的抗折强度随玻璃砂掺量的增加先增大后减小,10%掺量时最有利于3 d抗折强度,20%掺量时最有利于28 d抗折强度;AAS砂浆的干燥收缩、导热系数和ASR膨胀率均随玻璃砂掺量的增加而减小,与对照组相比,掺30%玻璃砂的AAS砂浆导热系数降低14.4%,56 d干燥收缩率降低27.6%,14 d ASR膨胀率降低39.6%,28 d ASR膨胀率降低34.5%;SEM分析发现玻璃砂表面有水化产物生成,其与胶凝材料的结合比石英砂更紧密,使AAS砂浆的微观结构更加致密。     

Early longitudinal dimensional changes of fresh fly ash mortar exposed to drying conditions

The present work examines the effect of fly ash (ASTM Class F) on early longitudinal dimensional changes in fresh cement-fly ash (10, 25 and 40 percent cement replacement) mortar mixes exposed to drying conditions immediately after casting at elevated temperature (30 C, 86 F).

It was found that the fly ash affects expansion in the fresh mortar mix: the larger the cement replacement percentage (i.e. increased amount of fly ash in the mix), the higher the expansion values and the longer its duration. However, the effect of the fly ash on plastic shrinkage during drying has no clear trend, as it is governed both by the preceding expansion and by the duration of the shrinkage phase (both influenced in turn by the specific chemical composition and physical properties of the fly ash and the cement).     

废玻璃粉作为辅助胶凝材料对砂浆性能影响及作用机理

作为辅助胶凝材料掺入混凝土是废弃玻璃回收利用的途径之一。研究废玻璃粉掺料对砂浆性能影响及作用机理,结果可为该类应用提供指导。本文研究0~0.075 mm、0.075~0.15 mm和0.15~0.3 mm这三组不同粒径废玻璃粉作为辅助胶凝材料对砂浆力学性能及碱硅酸反应(ASR)膨胀作用的影响。研究发现:掺入玻璃粉粒径为0~0.075 mm可将砂浆28 d抗压强度增加5%~15%,ASR膨胀率减小20.2%;掺入玻璃粉粒径为0.15~0.3 mm则使砂浆28 d抗压强度降低5%~8%,ASR膨胀率增加39.7%。采用热重分析、等离子电感耦合、扫描电镜及能谱分析试验对反应产物、孔溶液、微观结构及其元素分布进行检测。分析认为粒径粗的玻璃粉碱骨料活性强,易发生ASR,导致膨胀率增加;粒径细的火山灰活性强,发生火山灰反应生成了膨胀率低的低钙硅比水化硅酸钙凝胶,该产物不仅会吸收Na⁺、K⁺,从而减少用于发生ASR的反应物含量,而且更密实,有利于降低孔隙率,减少水的渗透,提高抗压强度并抵抗膨胀压。     

Control of drying shrinkage in magnesium silicate hydrate (m-s-h) gel mortars

Magnesium silicate hydrate (M-S-H) gel can be formed by the reaction of MgO with amorphous silica in the presence of sodium hexametaphosphate (Na-HMP). Typical pastes contain 40% MgO and 60% SF and have a w/c ratio of 0.5, but these exhibit shrinkage cracking on drying. The shrinkage characteristics of M-S-H mortar samples containing different additions of sand have been studied using dilatometry. The drying shrinkage was found to decrease with increasing sand addition and to increase with increased water content. Mortars with 60 wt.% sand addition and a w/c ratio of 0.5 had a drying shrinkage of 0.16% and did not show shrinkage cracking. A simple geometrical model based on particle packing is presented that explains the observed changes in drying shrinkage. Based on the geometrical model, the shrinkage of M-S-H mortar system can be reduced to zero when the volume fraction of sand in the mortar is about 0.77.     

水泥基体参数对水泥砂浆干缩性能的影响

采用干缩实验研究水灰比、灰砂比、水泥细度等水泥基体参数对水泥浆干缩性能的影响。结果表明,水灰比在0.35～0.60时,砂浆的干缩率随水灰比增大而增大;其它条件不变时,砂浆的干缩率随胶砂比增大而明显增大,随水泥细度提高而增大;高标号水泥的干缩率大于低标号水泥,水泥标号相同时,P.II>P.F>P.S;矿渣微粉比粉煤灰更适用于生产高性能水泥和高性能混凝土;减缩剂能明显减小水泥砂浆的干缩率。     

Strength and shrinkage properties of mortar containing a nonstandard high-calcium fly ash

A laboratory study was undertaken to assess the compressive and flexural tensile strength and drying shrinkage properties of mortar mixtures containing high-calcium nonstandard Afsin-Elbistan fly ash (FA). Possibility of using Afsin-Elbistan FA in cement-based materials as shrinkage-reducing or compensation agent was also discussed. Five mortar mixtures including control Portland cement (PC) and FA mortar mixtures were prepared. FA replaced the cement on mass basis at the replacement ratios of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. Water-cementitious materials ratio was 0.4 for all mixtures. The mixtures were cured at 65% relative humidity and 20±2 °C. The compressive and flexural tensile strength and drying shrinkage values of the mortar mixtures were measured. The results show that Afsin-Elbistan FA reduced drying shrinkage of the mortar by 40%. Therefore, it was concluded that Afsin-Elbistan FA can be used as a shrinkage-reducing agent. The mortar containing 40% FA expanded. This indicates that Afsin-Elbistan FA may be utilized to compensate drying shrinkage of cement-based materials.     

硫铝酸钙膨胀剂与氧化镁膨胀剂对丁苯乳液改性砂浆性能的影响

本文研究了温度为20 ℃,相对湿度为90%(RH90%)和60%(RH60%)时,硫铝酸钙膨胀剂(CSA)与氧化镁膨胀剂(MEA)对丁苯乳液改性砂浆的工作性能、力学性能与收缩性能的影响。结果表明,丁苯乳液改性砂浆的流动度随着2种膨胀剂掺量的增加均先增大后降低。在RH90%与RH60%下,CSA掺量分别为水泥质量的6%与10%时,砂浆的抗折与抗压强度最高。2种相对湿度下,CSA都可有效降低砂浆干燥收缩;RH90%下掺8%MEA可提升砂浆抗折与抗压强度,亦可有效补偿砂浆后期干燥收缩;RH60%下掺8%MEA会降低砂浆抗折与抗压强度,且无法有效补偿砂浆的干燥收缩。     

粉煤灰部分取代石灰石粉的水泥胶砂干缩性能研究

通过测定水泥胶砂不同龄期干缩率,分别研究了石灰石粉、粉煤灰单掺以及石灰石粉和粉煤灰双掺时水泥胶砂干燥收缩性能的影响。结果表明：随着石灰石粉掺量增加,胶砂干燥收缩先增大后减小,石灰石粉掺量为10％左右时胶砂干燥收缩最大;胶砂干燥收缩随粉煤灰掺量增加先减小后增大,粉煤灰掺量10％左右时,胶砂干燥收缩最小;石灰石粉掺量一定时掺入粉煤灰可以减小胶砂干燥收缩。     

Alkali-silica reactivity of large silica fume-derived particles

Pozzolanic materials, including silica fume, are commonly added to concrete to reduce expansion due to alkali-silica reaction (ASR). It has been noted, however, that commercial silica fume is not always adequately dispersed, and large agglomerates may be present. These large particles have been hypothesized to act as amorphous silica aggregates, thereby participating in an expansive reaction with the alkalis present in cement paste pore solution. If such were the case, some silica fume particles would actually aggravate expansion due to ASR rather than suppress it. The present investigation characterizes the microstructure and morphology of agglomerated and sintered silica fume particles and compares their effects on alkali-silica-related expansion. While a 5% replacement of moderately reactive sand with sintered silica fume aggregates caused significant expansion under accelerated testing conditions (modified ASTM C1260), the replacement with large agglomerates of densified silica fume decreased expansion compared with control mortar bars containing only sand. Both the sintered aggregates and the agglomerates reacted with the pore solution; one reaction was expansive, while the other was not.     

海泡石纤维增强高石粉含量机制砂砂浆性能的研究

以高石粉含量机制砂砂浆为研究对象,分析了海泡石纤维体积掺量和长度的变化对砂浆力学性能和干燥收缩的影响规律,并使用压汞仪和扫描电子显微镜研究了砂浆内部孔结构和微观形貌的变化特征。结果表明:适宜体积掺量的短海泡石纤维可显著改善砂浆的抗压强度、抗折强度和抗干燥收缩能力。与空白组相比,长度为1 mm的纤维体积掺量为1.5%时,试件28 d抗压强度和抗折强度分别提高98.9%和36.2%;长度为1 mm的纤维体积掺量为2.0%时,28 d自然干燥收缩值降低72.1%。海泡石纤维试件内部形成了大量针棒状钙矾石和片状氢氧化钙晶体,有效提高了砂浆硬化体系的密实性,砂浆总孔隙率与纤维掺量成反比。