钙基吸收剂碳酸化实验研究

对CaO吸收CO2反应的特性进行了实验研究,采用未反应收缩核模型分析碳酸化反应动力学特性.结果表明,化学反应速率常数在650℃～750℃范围内基本为一常数,产物层扩散系数随着温度的增加而增大.化学反应控制段的活化能Ea=29.70 kJ/moL,产物控制段的活化能Ea=92.80 kJ/moL.温度一定时,随着CO2体积分数增加,碳酸化反应速率加快,转化率增大.     

水蒸气和H_2S对白云石循环碳酸化/煅烧过程中CO_2捕获性能的影响

基于水汽变换条件,利用加压热重分析仪研究了温度、压力及煤气中H_2O和H_2S对白云石煅烧/碳酸化循环捕获CO_2性能的影响.研究表明,吸收剂在650和700℃时的吸收反应速率和循环稳定性明显优于550和600℃时;加压促进吸收剂对CO_2的吸收,且有H_2O时促进作用更明显;H_2O能有效改善吸收剂的循环稳定性,提高吸收剂在快速动力学反应控制阶段的吸收能力.650℃时Ca O硫化反应速率远小于碳酸化反应速率,煤气中H_2S对Ca O吸收CO_2的反应动力学特性无明显影响,但硫化产物CaS在吸收剂表面累积会减少用于吸收CO_2的CaO量,而反应过程中H_2O的存在又会减缓CaS的累积.     

新型Li_4SiO_4高温吸收CO_2的动力学研究

高温固体CO2吸收剂硅酸锂材料以其较高的吸收容量、优良的循环吸收稳定性成为研究热点。文中以廉价的、具有丰富孔结构的硅藻土和碳酸锂为原料,采用高温固相法于600℃下合成了可在高温直接吸收CO2的硅酸锂材料。XRD结果分析表明所制备的材料由Li4SiO4和少量的LiAlSi2O6相组成,用同步热重分析仪(TG-DSC)研究了在等温条件下硅酸锂材料吸收CO2的性能。用双指数模型拟合了硅酸锂材料吸收CO2的过程。结果表明:吸收CO2的温度不同,硅酸锂材料吸收CO2反应的控制步也不相同。表面反应速率常数与扩散速率常数的相对大小在很大程度上影响了硅酸锂材料吸收CO2的性能。     

仲胺和叔胺水溶液吸收CO2的动力学

采用湿壁柱装置,以二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺和N,N-二乙基乙醇胺水溶液为吸收剂,测量了不同醇胺浓度和不同温度下醇胺吸收CO2的反应速度,得到3种吸收剂吸收CO2的本征反应速率常数分别为7.71′1015exp(-8755.2/T) m3/(kmol×s), 9.63′1020exp(-13262.4/T) m3/(kmol×s), 1.19′1028exp(-18231.3/T) m3/(kmol×s). 确定仲胺吸收CO2的反应机理为两性离子机理,叔胺吸收CO2的反应机理为改进的碱催化水合机理.     

负载[APMIm][Br]离子液体吸收CO_2的性能

1-氨丙基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐([APMIm][Br])离子液体通过化学反应捕集CO2。采用浸渍-蒸发将[APMIm][Br]离子液体负载在硅胶表面,通过比表面孔隙吸附测定仪、热重分析仪(TGA)对吸收剂的结构与性能进行研究,负载量为10%~50%,温度为303.15~323.15 K,CO2浓度分别为10%、30%、50%。结果表明:硅胶表面的离子液体薄膜厚度达到86 nm(负载40%)时,具有最快的吸收速率,且受CO2浓度和温度变化的影响较小,平衡吸收量在50%CO2体系中达到理论吸收量的80%,随着温度的升高而降低,当负载量为50%时,膜厚增加到230 nm,导致吸收速率和平衡吸收量大幅度下降。值得注意的是:负载离子液体吸收剂在循环使用3次之后,结构与性能均保持不变,表现出一定的工业运用前景。     

钙基吸收剂循环吸收CO2技术的研究进展

阐述了对钙基吸收剂循环吸收CO₂技术的研究现状,包括各个可能因素对CaO碳酸化反应的影响,如吸收剂成分、颗粒特性、反应温度、反应时间、CO₂浓度等,并总结了各种CaO吸收CO₂反应动力学模型。同时对钙基吸收剂循环吸收CO₂技术未来的研究方向作了简述。     

高温下钙基吸附剂吸附CO2的研究

CaO基吸附剂是一种理想的CO2高温吸附剂。利用热重分析仪研究了由不同前体制备的CaO高温下对CO2的吸附性能。利用吸附仪测定了各吸附剂的比表面积等参数。实验发现CaO的最佳吸附温度范围为700—750℃;由CaC2O4.H2O制得的CaC2O4-CaO具有良好的吸附性能,在实验条件下,其吸附量为理论吸附量的89.1%;在较宽的CO2体积分数范围内,CaC2O4-CaO始终保持很高的吸附性能;吸收速率的大小受吸附剂比表面积、孔体积、孔结构等参数的共同影响。高温下,CaO基吸附剂吸附CO2的微观机理有待进一步研究。     

Fe_2O_3强化CaO粉末中温烟气脱硫的研究

为了研究粉煤灰中Fe2O3含量对钙基脱硫性能的影响,分别以CaO和CaO与Fe2O3的混合物为吸收剂进行实验,并加以比较。研究了加入氧化铁添加剂后,对中温烟气脱硫性能的影响和对固定床干法脱硫最佳温度的影响,氧化铁配比对氧化钙脱硫性能的影响等。结果表明,加入一定量的氧化铁,可以显著提高脱硫效率和氧化钙的利用率。当温度在650~750℃时,氧化铁与氧化钙的配比为1∶10时效果最好,脱硫效率可达94%,钙利用率54%。     

基于钙基吸收剂吸收CO2的研究进展

综述了钙基吸收剂煅烧/碳酸化循环吸收CO2的国内外研究状况.从反应条件对碳酸化反应的影响、改善钙基吸收剂吸收CO2的性能、钙基吸收剂循环热稳定性的方法以及碳酸化反应动力学特性这4个方面进行分析,认为碳酸化反应主要分为化学反应控制和产物层扩散2个阶段,指出CO2分压和吸收剂的颗粒粒径决定着碳酸化反应温度和CO2的脱除效率...     

在HgCl_2—(工业)活性炭催化剂上乙炔氢氯化反应动力学和失活动力学的研究

本文用工业合成氯乙烯的原料气,在100～180℃温度范围内,测定了C_2H_2与HCl在HgCl_2—(工业)活性炭催化剂上合成C_2H_3Cl的化学反应动力学,获得了反应速率式为: (-γ_A)_0=(kK_HP_AP_H)/(1 K_HP_H) 并发现在上述温度范围内,按Arrhenius式作图在135℃处有一突变,并且当温度大于140℃时,催化剂的活性有明显的下降,动力学数据须经校正。本文还研究了该催化剂在同样的原料气条件下,在140～180℃温度范围内的失活动力学,结果表明当HCl/C_2H_2>1.0时,失活速率与各反应组份的浓度及流体的线速度无关,其失活动力学式为: -da/dt=k_dα及 k_d=3.65×10~7exp(-18.63×10~3/RT) 本文对该催化剂的失活机理进行了初步的探讨。     

Sulphur dioxide removal using South African limestone/siliceous materials

This study presents an investigation into the desulfurization effect of sorbent derived from South African calcined limestone conditioned with fly ash. The main aim was to examine the effect of chemical composition and structural properties of the sorbent with regard to SO₂ removal in dry-type flue gas desulfurization (FGD) process. South African fly ash and CaO obtained from calcination of limestone in a laboratory kiln at a temperature of 900 °C were used to synthesize CaO/ash sorbent by atmospheric hydration process. The sorbent was prepared under different hydration conditions: CaO/fly ash weight ratio, hydration temperature (55-75 °C) and hydration period (4-10 h). Desulfurization experiments were done in the fixed bed reactor at 87 °C and relative humidity of 50%. The chemical composition of both the fly ash and calcined limestone had relatively high Fe₂O₃ and oxides of other transitional elements which provided catalytic ability during the sorbent sorption process. Generally the sorbents had higher SO₂ absorption capacity in terms of mol of SO₂ per mol of sorbent (0.1403-0.3336) compared to hydrated lime alone (maximum 0.1823). The sorbents were also found to consist of mesoporous structure with larger pore volume and BET specific surface area than both CaO and fly ash. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed the presence of complex compounds containing calcium silicate hydrate in the sorbents.     

Influence of hydration variables on the properties of South African calcium/siliceous-based material

This study presents findings from experiments on the preparation and characterization of locally available fly ash, quicklime and the CaO/fly ash sorbent, synthesized using the atmospheric hydration process. The CaO was obtained from calcination of limestone in a laboratory kiln at a temperature of 900°C. The sorbents were prepared under different hydration conditions: CaO/fly ash weight ratio (1°1 to 1°3), hydration temperature (55°C–75°C) and hydration period (4–8 h). Results show that the specific surface area of CaO/ fly ash sorbents (8.8–23.6 m²/g) was higher than that of the CaO (4.78 m²/g) at all preparation conditions. The SEM micrographs show that the prepared sorbent had a more porous structure than either the fly ash or the CaO. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows the presence of complex compounds containing calcium silicate hydrate in the synthesized sorbents. This contributed to the high BET specific surface area. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area was found to decrease with increase in the amount of fly ash with the ratio of 1:1 (CaO/Fly ash) giving the highest value. It was also found that an increase in the hydration time resulted in an increased BET specific surface area, although there was only a slight effect on the same by an increase in temperature.     

Dry SO2 Removal Process Using Calcium/Siliceous‐Based Sorbents: Deactivation Kinetics Based on Breakthrough Curves

The removal of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) from simulated flue gas was investigated in a laboratory‐scale stainless steel fixed‐bed reactor using sorbents prepared from various siliceous materials, i.e., coal fly ash (CFA), oil palm ash (OPA) and rice husk ash (RHA) mixed with lime (CaO) by means of the water hydration method. Experiments were carried out with a flue gas flow rate of 150 mL/min, reaction temperature of 100 °C, and SO₂ concentration of 1000 ppm. It was found that sorbents prepared from RHA have high BET surface areas and high SO₂ sorption capacities, based on breakthrough curve analysis. In addition, the SO₂ breakthrough curves were also described in terms of a simple first‐order deactivation model containing only two rate constants, one of which, k_s, describes the surface reaction rate constant while the other, k_d, describes the deactivation rate constant. The values of k_s and k_d obtained from the deactivation kinetics model were in good agreement with the experimental breakthrough curves and were also compared with those available in the literature.     

高温下改性钙基吸附剂固定床反应器从烟气中捕捉二氧化碳(英文)

Four kinds of Ca-based sorbents were prepared by calcination and hydration reactions using different precursors: calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calcium acetate monohydrate and calcium oxide. The CO2 absorption capacity of those sorbents was investigated in a fixed-bed reactor in the temperature range of 350-650℃. It was found that all of those sorbents showed higher capacity for CO2 absorption when the operating temperature higher than 450℃. The CaAc2-CaO sorbent showed the highest CO2 absorption capacity of 299mg·g-1. The morphology of those sorbents was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the changes of composition before and after carbonation were also determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results indicated that those sorbents have the similar chemical compositions and crystalline phases before carbonation reaction [mainly Ca(OH)2], and CaCO3 is the main component after carbonation reaction. The SEM morphology shows clearly that the sorbent pores were filled with reaction products after carbonation reaction, and became much denser than before. The N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms indicated that the CaAc2-CaO and CaCO3-CaO sorbents have higher specific surface area, larger pore volume and appropriate pore size distribution than that of CaO-CaO and Ca(OH)2-CaO.     

Effect of rice husk ash addition on CO2 capture behavior of calcium-based sorbent during calcium looping cycle

Rice husk ash/CaO was proposed as a CO₂ sorbent which was prepared by rice husk ash and CaO hydration together. The CO₂ capture behavior of rice husk ash/CaO sorbent was investigated in a twin fixed bed reactor system, and its apparent morphology, pore structure characteristics and phase variation during cyclic carbonation/calcination reactions were examined by SEM-EDX, N₂ adsorption and XRD, respectively. The optimum preparation conditions for rice husk ash/CaO sorbent are hydration temperature of 75 °C, hydration time of 8 h, and mole ratio of SiO₂ in rice husk ash to CaO of 1.0. The cyclic carbonation performances of rice husk ash/CaO at these preparation conditions were compared with those of hydrated CaO and original CaO. The temperature at 660 °C–710 °C is beneficial to CO₂ absorption of rice husk ash/CaO, and it exhibits higher carbonation conversions than hydrated CaO and original CaO during multiple cycles at the same reaction conditions. Rice husk ash/CaO possesses better anti-sintering behavior than the other sorbents. Rice husk ash exhibits better effect on improving cyclic carbonation conversion of CaO than pure SiO₂ and diatomite. Rice husk ash/CaO maintains higher surface area and more abundant pores after calcination during the multiple cycles; however, the other sorbents show a sharp decay at the same reaction conditions. Ca₂SiO₄ found by XRD detection after calcination of rice husk ash/CaO is possibly a key factor in determining the cyclic CO₂ capture behavior of rice husk ash/CaO.     

HYDROTHERMAL REACTION OF FLY ASH/HYDRATED LIME: CHARACTERIZATION OF THE REACTION PRODUCTS

Class F coal fly ash was slurried with hydrated lime at 90°C in 1/3, 5/3, 9/3, and 15/3 weight ratios and for 3, 5, 7, and 9 hours of hydration, in a process to prepare sorbents for SO₂ removal. The amounts of aluminum, silicon, and calcium in the product of the pozzolanic reaction were determined in order to study the evolution of product composition with the initial raw materials ratio and hydration time and to relate this composition to the desulfurization capability of the material. Al, Si, and Ca were present in the solid product for any raw materials ratio and hydration time, showing that calcium silicates, calcium aluminates, and/or calcium aluminum silicates were obtained simultaneously. The products formed show a nearly constant molar ratio of Al₂O₃/SiO₂ independent of the experimental conditions tested and similar to the Al₂O₃/SiO₂ ratio in the fly ash. The SiO₂/CaO molar ratio in the products decreased as the initial fly ash/Ca(OH)₂ ratio decreased, being approximately constant for each ratio with respect to hydration time after 5 hours of hydration. The maximum moles of CaO, SiO₂, and Al₂O₃ per gram of sorbent in the reaction product were found for any hydration time for the 5/3 sorbents, meaning that at this initial ratio the pozzolanic reaction takes place at the highest rate. The capacity of the sorbent for SO₂ removal depends not only on the amount of products produced by the pozzolanic reaction but also on the specific surface area of the sorbent.     

水热法制备粉煤灰钙基脱硫剂

文章研究了利用粉煤灰和Ca(OH)2为原料水热反应制备钙基脱硫剂。影响钙基脱硫剂钙剂利用率最主要的因素是水浴温度(TH),它的最佳值是90℃;温度上下浮动5℃,利用率将降低20%。其次还有水浴温度、粉煤灰与Ca(OH)2质量比(FC)、水固比(LS),这些因素的波动对利用率的影响相对较小。水浴时间(tH)达到8 h以上,FC在5～10的范围内变化,LS在8～18的范围内变化均能制备具有较高利用率的钙基脱硫剂。     

HYDROTHERMAL REACTION OF FLY ASH/HYDRATED LIME: CHARACTERIZATION OF THE REACTION PRODUCTS

Class F coal fly ash was slurried with hydrated lime at 90°C in 1/3, 5/3, 9/3, and 15/3 weight ratios and for 3, 5, 7, and 9 hours of hydration, in a process to prepare sorbents for SO₂ removal. The amounts of aluminum, silicon, and calcium in the product of the pozzolanic reaction were determined in order to study the evolution of product composition with the initial raw materials ratio and hydration time and to relate this composition to the desulfurization capability of the material. Al, Si, and Ca were present in the solid product for any raw materials ratio and hydration time, showing that calcium silicates, calcium aluminates, and/or calcium aluminum silicates were obtained simultaneously. The products formed show a nearly constant molar ratio of Al₂O₃/SiO₂ independent of the experimental conditions tested and similar to the Al₂O₃/SiO₂ ratio in the fly ash. The SiO₂/CaO molar ratio in the products decreased as the initial fly ash/Ca(OH)₂ ratio decreased, being approximately constant for each ratio with respect to hydration time after 5 hours of hydration. The maximum moles of CaO, SiO₂, and Al₂O₃ per gram of sorbent in the reaction product were found for any hydration time for the 5/3 sorbents, meaning that at this initial ratio the pozzolanic reaction takes place at the highest rate. The capacity of the sorbent for SO₂ removal depends not only on the amount of products produced by the pozzolanic reaction but also on the specific surface area of the sorbent.     

高温抗烧结吸附剂对SeO2捕集性能

使用气固瞬时反应装置在700~1100℃下对不同氧化物（氧化镁、氧化铁、氧化铝、氧化钙）的硒捕集性能进行研究,确定吸附产物性质。基于此选取相应的典型矿物及双组分抗烧结吸附剂改善硒高温吸附能力。结果表明：900℃前氧化钙捕集效果最好,但1100℃时其吸附量迅速降低到167.59μg/g;γ-氧化铝在高温下捕集效果较好,1100℃时吸附量可达415.04μg/g,这与其优异的孔隙结构有关。钙基矿物方解石因其具有一定的抗烧结能力和发达的孔隙结构,表现出更好的高温捕集能力,1100℃时吸附量可提高到1064.97μg/g。双组分吸附剂高温捕集能力展现出不同程度的提高。钙-铝基吸附剂高温捕集性能提高相对较小;而钙-硅基吸附剂在高温下效果远高于单组分吸附剂,与氧化钙相比,1100℃时可提高1787.21μg/g。     

EtOH-H2O对钙基吸收剂分离CO2的影响

采用不同体积浓度的乙醇溶液分别对石灰石和石灰石的煅烧产物CaO进行调质处理,研究它们的碳酸化反应,并与水合调质CaO的碳酸化进行比较。通过SEM和N2吸附法考察吸收剂多次煅烧的微观结构特性,进一步揭示了乙醇溶液促进CaO碳酸化的机理。结果表明：随着循环反应次数的增加,乙醇溶液调质后CaO的碳酸化转化率明显高于石灰石和水合调质的CaO,对于石灰石,乙醇溶液则没有明显的调质效果。CaO经乙醇溶液调质后在650～700℃内有利于碳酸化的进行。乙醇浓度越高,则经调质后CaO的转化率越高,抗烧结性能越好。经乙醇溶液调质的CaO煅烧后比表面积和比孔容均比单纯水合大,远高于煅烧后的石灰石;比孔容分布和孔比表面积分布明显优于煅烧后的水合CaO和石灰石。乙醇溶液调质对CaO的孔有明显的增扩效应。