内置叶片开槽间断性转子换热管强化传热及阻力特性实验研究

本文对内置叶片开槽间断型转子换热管的强化传热及阻力特性进行了实验研究。在雷诺数为15000～45000范围内对光管进行了验证性实验,得出努塞尔数Nu和阻力系数f误差分别在-3.0%～+3.5%和9.0%以内。在实验条件下,内置叶片开槽间断型转子的换热管与光管相比,努塞尔数Nu和阻力系数f分别平均提高了70.03%和83.88%。通过综合性能评价得出PEC值在1.38～1.40之间。     

内置螺旋叶片转子换热管传热和阻力特性的实验研究

本文概述了转子组合式强化传热装置的强化传热和自清洁原理,通过实验研究了传热和阻力特性。实验结果表明,在相同的雷诺数条件下,内置螺旋叶片转子换热管的努塞尔数明显高于光管的努塞尔数,说明具有良好的强化传热效果;内置螺旋叶片转子换热管的阻力系数显著高于光管阻力系数,说明在强化传热的同时,使得管内阻力随之增加。此外,作者借助多元线性回归方法,建立了内置螺旋叶片转子换热管的努塞尔数与阻力系数的经验关联式。     

内置开孔螺旋叶片转子换热管强化传热实验

以60%甘油水溶液为管程介质,对内置不同孔径开孔螺旋叶片转子换热管过渡区传热和阻力特性进行了实验研究。对光管性能进行了实验验证,以保证实验结果的可靠性。同时,对比分析了转子开孔孔径对其强化传热性能的影响,实验结果表明：内置S=0.375螺旋叶片转子换热管努塞尔数比内置S=0以及S=0.25螺旋叶片转子换热管的努塞尔数分别高出9.5%和21%左右,阻力系数高出9%左右。而对于综合性能而言,内置S=0.375螺旋叶片转子换热管的综合评价因子大于内置S=0螺旋叶片转子换热管的综合评价因子,内置S=0.25螺旋叶片转子换热管综合评价因子最小。综上可得,较大直径的开孔能提高转子的综合性能,但是较小直径的开孔反而会减弱转子的强化传热综合性能。     

不同外径组合转子过渡区强化传热性能实验研究

以60%甘油水溶液为管程介质,对内置螺旋开槽两叶片转子换热管过渡区内的强化传热综合性能进行了实验研究。在雷诺数范围为2800～6200之间对光管性能进行了实验验证,以保证实验结果的可靠性。同时,对比分析了转子外径对其强化传热性能的影响,研究结果表明：内置转子强化管的努塞尔数Nu较光管约提高了60%～200%,阻力系数较光管约增大了16%～32%,综合评价因子PEC值介于1.56～2.79之间。此外,内置转子强化管的努塞尔数、阻力系数以及PEC值均随着转子外径的增大而增加,这是由于较大的转子外径使得转子具有更强的扰流与减薄边界层的作用。     

内置转子换热管旋流部分的数值模拟

研究了介质为60%甘油时内置螺旋两叶片转子换热管的传热及阻力特性,通过实验研究和数值模拟,得到了介质为高黏度流体时强化传热的模拟方法。同时,分析了单个洁能芯转子在强化管内的旋流长度,并对比分析了转子间隔对强化管传热及阻力特性的影响。模拟结果表明,在换热管长度相同的前提下,转子无间隔排列强化管的努塞尔数（Nu）是转子间隔排列时的1.073～1.078倍;但是前者的阻力系数（f）则比后者的阻力系数高出61.76%～62.01%,因而在强化传热综合性能方面,前者的综合性能优于后者,由此推断,转子的间隔排列方式有利于提高强化管的强化传热综合性能。     

不同倾角螺旋叶片转子综合传热性能数值模拟

对叶片倾角在30°～60°之间的7种开槽螺旋叶片转子的湍流流动与传热特性进行了数值模拟研究。数值模拟采用RNG 湍流模型,采用SIMPLE算法进行速度和压力的耦合,对管内壁面采用强化壁面处理法。选取管程入口流量为2.6 m3/h时管程中部截面的速度场、温度场和湍流强度进行了分析,结果表明,开槽螺旋叶片转子可在换热管内引起旋流,增强管内流体湍动,促进对流传热。考虑转子引起传热和阻力两方面因素,采用综合评价指标PEC对7种不同倾角转子进行比较,叶片倾角为60°的开槽螺旋叶片转子具有较好的综合传热性能。     

不同位置转子组对组合转子强化传热性能影响

以质量分数60%甘油水溶液为管程介质,每组转子对组合转子传热和阻力特性的影响进行了实验研究。对光管性能进行了实验验证,以保证实验结果的可靠性。研究结果表明:加装L1,L3,L5型组合转子换热管的努塞尔数分别为加装L0型组合转子换热管努塞尔数的0.82倍、0.87倍以及0.73倍左右,阻力系数为0.88倍、0.9倍以及0.9倍左右。而对于综合评价因子PEC而言,加装L3型组合转子换热管的PEC大于加装L1型组合转子换热管的PEC,加装L5型组合转子换热管PEC最小。由此可得,相较于第1组转子,第5组转子对组合转子传热性能的影响最大,第3组转子的影响最小。     

螺旋叶片转子强化传热机理分析

以螺旋叶片转子为研究对象,对转子的强化换热机理进行理论分析,提出螺旋叶片转子3种强化传热机理,包括截面收缩效应强化、螺旋流动效应强化以及二次流效应强化。采用理论推导的方法,建立湍流区内Nusselt数预测关联式以及压力降预测关联式,从而预测转子几何参数等对转子强化传热特性及阻力特性的影响。同时,将关联式预测结果与对应的强化传热实验结果进行对比,对比结果表明:推导得出的Nusselt数预测关联式计算值与实验得到的Nusselt数之间的最大偏差为7.4%,阻力系数的预测关联式计算值与其实验值之间的最大偏差为10.1%。     

不同导程转子组合的强化传热实验研究

以质量分数60%甘油水溶液为管程流体,将导程100 mm和400 mm的转子进行交错排列,对内置该组合转子的换热管进行了强化传热及阻力特性实验研究。为了保证实验方法和实验结果的准确性,在实验开始之前进行了光管实验验证。实验结果表明:导程交错2-6和导程交错1-3的2种方案的综合强化传热效果好,该2种方案的综合评价因子PEC值在1.4—1.8之间,而导程交错4-12的综合强化传热效果比较差,PEC值在1.3—1.6之间,不及导程全400 mm的PEC值,说明为了获得较好的综合强化传热效果,必须将大导程转子数量控制在小导程转子强旋流范围内,否则只会起到反作用。     

内置组合转子换热管的综合传热性能

  对螺旋叶片和开槽螺旋叶片两种结构组合转子的综合传热性能进行了实验研究。与光管相比,两种转子都显著提高了换热管内的传热性能,装有螺旋叶片转子和开槽螺旋叶片转子换热管的努塞尔数分别比光管提高了1.06～1.26倍和1.03～1.15倍,引起的阻力系数分别比光管增加了60%～68%和36%～51%。螺旋叶片转子对管内传热性能的提升更为显著,但其引起的管内阻力系数也较大。综合考虑传热和阻力两方面因素,对两种转子结构的综合评价指标值进行比较,开槽螺旋叶片转子具有更好的综合传热性能。     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON HEAT TRANSFER AND FRICTION FACTOR CHARACTERISTICS OF TURBULENT FLOW THROUGH A CIRCULAR TUBE FITTED WITH RIGHT AND LEFT HELICAL SCREW-TAPE INSERTS

Experimental investigation on heat transfer and friction factor characteristics of a circular tube fitted with right-left helical screw inserts of equal and unequal length of different twist ratios is presented. The experimental data obtained were compared with those obtained from plain tube published data. The heat transfer enhancement for right-left helical screw inserts is higher than that for straight helical twist for a given twist ratio. The effect of right-left twist length on heat transfer augmentation is presented. The empirical relations for Nusselt number, friction factor relating Reynolds number, twist ratio, and right-left twist distance were formed and found to fit the experimental data within 10% and 20% for Nusselt number and friction factor respectively. Performance evaluation analysis was made, and the performance ratio of more than one was obtained, indicating that the proposed twist inserts can be used effectively for heat transfer augmentation without any loss in pumping power.     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON HEAT TRANSFER AND FRICTION FACTOR CHARACTERISTICS OF TURBULENT FLOW THROUGH A CIRCULAR TUBE FITTED WITH RIGHT AND LEFT HELICAL SCREW-TAPE INSERTS

Experimental investigation on heat transfer and friction factor characteristics of a circular tube fitted with right–left helical screw inserts of equal and unequal length of different twist ratios is presented. The experimental data obtained were compared with those obtained from plain tube published data. The heat transfer enhancement for right–left helical screw inserts is higher than that for straight helical twist for a given twist ratio. The effect of right–left twist length on heat transfer augmentation is presented. The empirical relations for Nusselt number, friction factor relating Reynolds number, twist ratio, and right–left twist distance were formed and found to fit the experimental data within 10% and 20% for Nusselt number and friction factor respectively. Performance evaluation analysis was made, and the performance ratio of more than one was obtained, indicating that the proposed twist inserts can be used effectively for heat transfer augmentation without any loss in pumping power.     

xperimental Study of Heat Transfer Enhancement and Friction Loss Induced by Inserted Rotor-assembled Strand （I） Water

The single-phase pressure drop and heat transfer in a rotor-assembled strand inserted tube were measured using water as the working fluid. Experiment using a smooth tube was carried out to calibrate the experimental system and the data reduction method. In the experiment, fixed mounts were used to eliminate the entrance effect. The experimental results of smooth tube show that employment of fixed mounts leads to a visible bias of friction factor at relative low Reynolds numbers, although it does not significantly affect the Nusselt numbers. The measured data of inserted tube reveal that rotor-assembled strand can significantly improve heat transfer with the Nusselt number increased by 101.6%-106.6% and the overall heat transfer coefficient increased by 58.1%-67.4% within the Reynolds number range of 20000 to 36000. Meanwhile, friction factor increases by 52.2%-84.2% within the same Reynolds number range. The correlations of Nusselt number and friction factor as function of the Reynolds number and Prandtl number were determined through multivariant linear normal regression.     

Experimental studies on heat transfer and friction factor characteristics of turbulent flow through a circular tube fitted with helical screw-tape inserts

Experimental investigation of heat transfer and friction factor characteristics of circular tube fitted with full-length helical screw element of different twist ratio, and increasing and decreasing order of twist ratio set have been studied with uniform heat flux under turbulent flow conditions. The Reynolds number was varied from 2700 to 13 500. The experimental data obtained are compared with those obtained from plain tube published data. The maximum Nusselt number for the twist of 1.95 was obtained. The performance of the helical twist insert was compared with the twisted tape performance reported in the literature and found that it is better than twisted tape performance. The heat transfer augmentation for helical twist of increasing and decreasing order twist were also presented. The empirical correlations developed relating twist ratio and Reynolds number, are fitting the experimental data within ±13% and ±15% for Nusselt number and friction factor, respectively. The performance evaluation study has been presented to check the potential of using the helical twist insert.