泡沫夹芯结构复合材料VARI工艺模拟研究

提出了一种简单方便的等效建模法,解决了大尺寸夹芯结构或复杂形状夹芯结构真空辅助树脂灌注(VARI)成型工艺模拟仿真计算量大,效率不高的难题。采用等效建模法和细化建模法对矩形泡沫夹芯结构复合材料平板的VARI工艺进行了模拟仿真分析,并结合工艺成型实验进行了验证。结果表明,由两种方法计算得到的理论充模时间与实测树脂充模时间基本一致,采用等效建模法所得树脂流动前锋位置曲线与工艺成型实验测试值更加吻合。     

横隔板增强型泡沫夹芯复合材料梁抗剪性能试验研究

复合材料泡沫夹芯结构易发生芯材剪切破坏,需对泡沫芯材进行增强。本文对比分析了不同增强泡沫夹芯结构的增强原理、芯材对界面性能和抗剪能力的贡献以及各自的局限;采用真空导入工艺制作了横隔板增强泡沫夹芯梁,并对其进行了剪跨比为3的三点弯试验,研究了横隔板及其间距对泡沫夹芯结构抗剪性能的影响。试验结果表明,横隔板的存在能有效提高构件的延性,且横隔板间距越小,延性越好,改善了泡沫夹芯结构脆性破坏的特性;但横隔板增强对夹芯梁强度和刚度的影响不大,该结果与垂直缝纫增强泡沫夹芯结构的试验结果类似。横隔板增强泡沫夹芯结构具有良好的设计性,其制作过程比较简单,可改变横隔板角度或采用双向隔板增强,从而在保持延性的优势下,提高其强度和刚度。     

聚苯乙烯泡沫作为风电叶片夹芯材料的可行性研究

讨论了聚苯乙烯(PS)泡沫在风电叶片中的应用,通过对比研究聚氯乙烯(PVC)泡沫和PS泡沫本体以及泡沫玻璃钢夹芯结构的力学性能,通过有限元模拟夹芯结构悬臂梁在加载后发生的位移值来判断PS泡沫作为夹芯结构的芯材对整体刚度的影响,并通过实验测量和有限元模拟泡沫夹芯结构。结果显示,PS泡沫本体力学性能较PVC低;PS泡沫作为夹芯结构的芯材可以使用在叶片的剪切腹板中,在替代PVC泡沫使用在壳体蒙皮的夹芯层中,若要保证蒙皮的刚度不变则需要增加PS泡沫的厚度。     

全高度泡沫夹芯结构胶接共固化制造工艺

采用德固赛的ROHACELL PMI结构泡沫为芯材,通过实验验证PMI泡沫的膨胀量为5%,发明了一种刚性泡沫夹层结构"软-硬模"共固化成型的工艺方法,分析了成型压力对泡沫及全高度泡沫的产品性能的影响。此工艺借助复合材料软模,可以整体制造无人机全高度泡沫夹芯舵面类结构,已经通过飞行验证。     

缝合增强泡沫夹芯结构复合材料力学性能研究

采用机械缝合设备连续制备了"X"型构型缝合增强泡沫夹芯结构预成型体,并采用真空导入模塑工艺(VIMP)整体成型了缝合增强泡沫夹芯结构复合材料。实验研究了面板纤维布层数、面板纤维布穿透缝合层数、缝合角度、缝合针距及纱线股数对缝合增强泡沫夹芯结构复合材料弯曲性能和平压性能的影响规律。实验结果表明:与未缝合结构相比,缝合结构在质量未明显增加的情况下,弯曲性能和压缩性能得到了显著提高,其弯曲刚度最大提高了4.66倍,破坏载荷最大提高了13.8倍;压缩强度和压缩模量最大分别提高了26.2倍和15.2倍。     

聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺(PMI)泡沫夹芯复合材料的滚筒剥离性能研究

系统研究了泡沫密度、泡孔孔径、成型方式、芯材或蒙皮表面的糙化处理对聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺(PMI)泡沫夹芯复合材料剥离强度性能的影响。研究结果表明,泡沫密度、泡孔孔径、成型方式和表面糙化对PMI夹芯复合材料的剥离强度提高均有明显作用,其中以泡沫密度和泡孔孔径影响最为显著,分别提高了157%和95%。本研究内容对如何提高PMI泡沫夹芯复合材料的剥离强度具有很好的工艺指导作用。     

VARI成型不同处理方法泡沫夹芯复合材料工艺及性能研究

采取泡沫芯刻槽和泡沫芯导孔两种处理方法预制备泡沫芯材,采用VARI工艺成型泡沫夹芯复合材料,对复合材料进行无损检测,并对其成型效率、质量和力学性能进行研究。结果表明:刻槽和导孔处理可以有效地提高泡沫夹芯复合材料的成型效率,且其表面质量良好;三种泡沫夹芯复合材料泡沫与复合材料面板间均结合紧密,不存在贫胶、分层等缺陷;经刻槽处理后,泡沫夹芯复合材料的剥离强度有所下降,而弯曲强度和侧压强度略有上升;经导孔处理后,泡沫夹芯复合材料的剥离强度、弯曲强度和侧压强度均小幅下降。总的来看,不同处理工艺对VARI泡沫夹芯结构力学性能影响不大。     

复合材料泡沫夹芯结构在小型无人机中的应用

无人机具有零生命损伤、操作灵活、功能多样、环境适应性强等优势，在社会各领域发挥着重要作用。小型无人机具有风险低、重量轻、总体尺寸小等特点，这对其结构提出了保证性能、控制成本的设计要求。复合材料泡沫夹芯结构能够在保证结构承载的前提下，最大程度减轻结构重量，同时在工艺方面具有一体化成型的成本优势。本文对泡沫夹芯结构的结构特点、性能优势、材料选择、成型工艺进行重点介绍，并探究了泡沫夹芯结构在小型无人机结构中的应用，为小型无人机机体结构设计提供参考。     

格构腹板增强泡沫夹芯复合材料梁准静态压陷试验

采用真空导入成型工艺,制备以聚氨酯泡沫为芯材,以玻璃纤维增强复合材料为面板和格构腹板的双向格构腹板增强泡沫夹芯复合材料梁。对普通泡沫夹芯梁和格构腹板增强泡沫夹芯梁进行准静态压陷性能测试并进行对比分析。结果表明:格构腹板增强泡沫夹芯梁相对于普通泡沫夹芯梁,其抗压陷能力得到了显著提升,通过理论推导得出格构腹板增强泡沫夹芯复合材料梁准静态压陷表达式,并且与试验进行对比,结果较吻合。     

PMI泡沫夹层复合材料天线罩的振动特性分析

泡沫夹芯结构复合材料可满足与天线罩透波和轻质高强的要求。采用ANSYS Workbench平台对某型天线罩进行模态分析,得到了PMI泡沫夹芯结构复合材料天线罩的固有频率振动特性分析,通过等加速度等效原则进行应力响应分析,结果表明天线罩的等效应力、变形的响应在1σ水平下较小,其结构在振动条件下是可靠的。     

A comparative study of vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) for sandwich panels

Vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) of sandwich panels can be facilitated by using high permeability layers (HPL) over the skins or adding channels in the surfaces of the core (CIC). The present paper investigates the advantages and disadvantages of both methods in terms of manufacturing cost and time through simulations and experimental observations. A cost model is developed, and the resin infusion time for each method was minimized through simulations. The design parameters are the number of high‐permeability layers and the number and size of channels. A penalty function with equal weight on cost and time is used to find the optimum values of the design parameters. Under the conditions studied, the optimal HPL method is found to be better than the optimal CIC method. While the conclusion is limited to the present study, the proposed approach can be used to optimize manufacturing processes for larger sandwich panels under different conditions.     

格构增强型复合材料夹层结构的制备与受力性能

真空导入成型工艺是一种新型的适合大型/异型复合材料结构件成型的技术.选用H-60 PVC泡沫、四轴向玻璃纤维布以及乙烯基酯树脂,通过在泡沫芯材上、下表面开槽,同时沿芯材厚度方向剖开,采用真空导入成型工艺制备出在结构上具有创新构型的格构增强型复合材料夹层结构.研究结果表明,真空导入成型工艺充模速度快、成型效益高;格构增强型复合材料夹层结构的剪切、平压与抗弯性能均较传统夹层结构得以提高;其格构腹板可有效抑制泡沫芯材剪切裂纹的扩展,避免面板与芯材的剥离破坏;阐明了格构增强型复合材料夹层结构的受弯极限承载能力.     

双向格构腹板增强泡沫夹层复合材料梁弯曲性能试验

复合材料夹层结构具有比强度高、比刚度高、可设计性强、耐腐蚀等特点,以聚氨酯泡沫为芯材,以玻璃纤维增强复合材料为面板和格构腹板,采用真空导入成型工艺,制备双向格构腹板增强泡沫夹层复合材料梁。对无格构泡沫夹芯复合材料梁,不同腹板高度、腹板间距双向格构增强泡沫夹层复合材料梁进行三点弯曲试验,研究其破坏模式和机理。基于泡沫填充矩形蜂窝芯材的等效十字模型,预估试件的抗弯刚度和挠度,计算值与试验值吻合较好。     

Flow modeling and simulation for vacuum assisted resin transfer molding process with the equivalent permeability method

Vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) offers numerous advantages over traditional resin transfer molding, such as lower tooling costs, shorter mold filling time and better scalability for large structures. In the VARTM process, complete filling of the mold with adequate wet-out of the fibrous preform has a critical impact on the process efficiency and product quality. Simulation is a powerful tool for understanding the resin flow in the VARTM process. However, conventional three-dimensional Control Volume/Finite Element Method (CV/FEM) based simulation models often require extensive computations, and their application to process modeling of large part fabrication is limited. This paper introduces a new approach to model the flow in the VARTM process based on the concept of equivalent permeability to significantly reduce computation time for VARTM flow simulation of large parts. The equivalent permeability model of high permeable medium (HPM) proposed in the study can significantly increase convergence efficiency of simulation by properly adjusting the aspect ratio of HPM elements. The equivalent permeability model of flow channel can simplify the computational model of the CV/FEM simulation for VARTM processes. This new modeling technique was validated by the results from conventional 3D computational methods and experiments. The model was further validated with a case study of an automobile hood component fabrication. The flow simulation results of the equivalent permeability models were in agreement with those from experiments. The results indicate that the computational time required by this new approach was greatly reduced compared to that by the conventional 3D CV/FEM simulation model, while maintaining the accuracy, of filling time and flow pattern. This approach makes the flow simulation of large VARTM parts with 3D CV/FEM method computationally feasible and may help broaden the application base of the process simulation. Polym. Compos. 25:146–164, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

Novel composite sandwich structure from green materials: Mechanical,physical, and biological evaluation

Flax and Jute fabrics were used as reinforcements with polyester resin to form composite skins while poplar particleboard was used as a core for making composite sandwich structures by applying vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) technique. Mechanical, physical, and biological properties of these novel composite sandwich structures were evaluated. The results showed that the proposed engineered panels have superior mechanical properties that are suitable for different structural applications compared with conventional particleboards. When compared with the control panels, significant enhancement on Modulus of elasticity (MOE) and Modulus of rupture (MOR) were achieved. On the other hand, the results indicated that the proposed panel composites exhibit better dimensional stability compared with poplar particleboard control panels. In addition, the proposed composite sandwich structures proved resistant against the decay fungi after 12 weeks of fungal exposure. Obviously, the developed composite panels could be used in a wide variety of applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42253.     

Elevated‐temperature vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding process for high performance aerospace composites

Vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) is commonly used for general temperature applications (<150 °C) such as boat hulls and secondary aircraft structures. With growing demands for applications of composites in elevated temperature environments, significant cost savings can be achieved by employing the VARTM process. However, implementation of the VARTM process for fabricating elevated temperature composites presents unique challenges such as high porosity and low fiber volume contents. In the present work, a low cost and reliable VARTM process is developed to manufacture elevated temperature composites for aerospace applications. Modified single vacuum bagging infusion and double vacuum bagging infusion processes were evaluated. Details of the method to obtain high quality composite parts and the challenging issues related to the manufacturing process are presented. Density and fiber volume fraction testing of manufactured panels showed that high quality composite parts with void content less than 1% have been consistently manufactured. A property database of the resin system and the composites was developed. A three‐dimensional mathematical model has also been developed for flow simulation and implemented in the ABAQUS finite element package code to predict the resin flow front during the infusion process and to optimize the flow parameters. The results of the present study indicate that aircraft grade composite parts with high fiber volume fractions can be manufactured using the developed elevated temperature VARTM process. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry     

VARTM工艺玄武岩纤维船舶成型技术研究

本文主要研究了通过VARTM工艺利用新型玄武岩纤维制造船舶的重要技术。介绍了船体设计及其铺层设计。通过对玄武岩渗透率试验、导流网导流试验以及泡沫夹层试验试验结果的分析,找出影响玄武岩纤维制造船舶的关键因素以及解决成型困难的途径。也为解决制作玄武岩纤维大型制品或构件成型工艺面临的难题提供解决途径,具有较大的实际价值与意义。     

Flow channels/fiber impregnation studies for the process modeling/analysis of complex engineering structures manufactured by resin transfer molding

The success of resin transfer molding (RTM) depends upon the complete wetting of the fiber preform. Effective mold designs and process modifications facilitating the improved impregnation of the preform have direct impact on the successful manufacturing of parts. Race tracking caused by variations in permeabilities around bends, corners in liquid composite molding (LCM) processes such as RTM have been traditionally considered undesirable, while related processes such as vacuum assisted RTM (VARTM) and injection molding have employed flow channels to improve the resin distribution. In this paper, studies on the effect of flow channels are explored for RTM through process simulation studies involving flow analysis of resin, when channels are involved. The flow in channels has been modeled and characterized based on equivalent permeabilities. The flow in the channels is taken to be Darcian as in the fiber preform, and process modeling and simulation tools for RTM have been employed to study the flow and pressure behavior when channels are involved. Simulation studies based on a flat plate indicated that the pressures in the mold are reduced with channels, and have been compared with experimental results and equivalent permeability models. Experimental comparisons validate the reduction in pressures with channels and validate the use of equivalent permeability models. Numerical simulation studies show the positive effect of the channels to improve flow impregnation and reduce the mold pressures. Studies also include geometrically complex parts to demonstrate the positive advantages of flow channels in RTM.     

Resin infusion of triaxially braided preforms with through‐the‐thickness reinforcement

Vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) has shown potential to significantly reduce the manufacturing cost of high‐performance aerospace composite structures. In this investigation, high fiber volume fraction, triaxially braided preforms with through‐the‐thickness stitching were successfully resin infiltrated by the VARTM process. The preforms, resin infiltrated with three different resin systems, produced cured composites that were fully wet‐out and void free. A three‐dimensional finite element model was used to simulate resin infusion into the preforms. The predicted flow patterns agreed well with the flow patterns observed during the infiltration process. The total infiltration times calculated using the model compared well with the measured times.