British Inflammation Research Association meeting: metalloproteinases and inflammatory diseases, the Fielder Centre, Hatfield, UK, 18 April 1997

Nitric oxide released by macrophages during inflammation reacts with active oxygen to form peroxynitrite. Peroxynitrite nitrates protein and peroxidizes lipids. gamma-Tocopherol traps peroxynitrite and is more effective than alpha-tocopherol in protecting lipids against such peroxidation.     

Officers, boards, committees, and representatives of the American Psychological Association, 1997.

Presents the officers, boards, committees, and representatives of the American Psychological Association (APA) for 1997. Information from the following sources is also provided: (1) APA and other affiliated state, provincial, and territorial psychological associations, (2) trustees, and (3) related organizations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Rachael Keller Anderson Medical Library Association president 1997-1998

OBJECTIVE: Previous reports of side effects from light therapy were mostly based on administration of 2,500-lux treatments. It has become common practice to use brighter, 10,000-lux exposure when treating seasonal affective disorder. The authors studied side effects produced by short-term 10,000-lux light therapy. METHOD: Seventy subjects with seasonal affective disorder who underwent brief 10,000-lux light therapy were asked to report side effects. RESULTS: Of the 70 subjects, 32 (45.7%) experienced side effects, and nine (12.9%) reported two or more apiece. Headaches and eye or vision problems were the most common. Almost all were mild, were transient, and did not interfere with treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term 10,000-lux light therapy often produces side effects early in treatment. These are not serious or prolonged, however, confirming findings from earlier studies that used dimmer light.     

American Diabetes Association annual meeting, 1997, and the Teczem Consultant Meeting. Diabetic nephropathy

Increasing numbers of genetic diseases involving bone development and models for these diseases have been identified recently. Analysis of these bone diseases have revealed that regulated action of multiple growth factors and subsequent signal transduction are essential for normal bone formation. In this paper, two murine mutant mice viable motheaten and osteopetrosis are analyzed. Mice with the recessive 'viable motheaten' mutation express a severe immunodeficiency syndrome and bone defects. Mutations at the motheaten locus were shown to be the result of aberrant splicing of the gene encoding hematopoietic cell phosphatase (Hcph). Mice homozygous for the osteopetrosis mutation develop congenital osteopetrosis due to a severe deficiency of osteoclasts. It has been recognized that bone trace element composition analysis helps to define bone-related physiological conditions. We have analyzed bone trace element composition in viable motheaten and osteopetrosis mutant animal models in this study. In order to gain insights into the effects of particular genetic defects on bone trace element composition, inductively coupled plasma atomic emissions spectrometry (ICP-AES) analysis was performed. Marked changes in bone trace element levels were found in limb bones of viable motheaten and osteopetrosis mutant mice. An assessment of these trace element spectrum in the two mutant models with respect to each genetic defects are discussed in this paper.     

Content themes in Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 1997-2002.

Latent semantic analysis (Landauer & Dumais, see record 1997-03612-001) was used to derive pairwise similarity ratings based on the content of the abstracts from 97 articles published in Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice from 1997 to 2002 under the journal's first editor. The resulting similarity matrix was then analyzed with cluster analysis to empirically identify the content themes of these published articles. The cluster analysis identified six content themes in the articles. The six content themes, in order of frequency, were (1) Cohesion and Group Identification, (2) Attributions and Perceptions in Groups, (3) Leadership and Performance in Groups, (4) Power and Relationships among Group Members, (5) Knowledge and Cognitive Process in Groups, and (6) Group Psychotherapy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Cancer susceptibility genes and molecular carcinogenesis. American Association for Cancer Research Special Conference: Cancer Susceptibility Genes and Molecular Carcinogenesis

As elaborated by Nobel Laureate Harold Varmus (Director of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA) in his Keynote address, future studies must not only continue to expand our repertoire of genetic determinants of cancer susceptibility by identifying new cancer susceptibility genes, but most also now begin to address the function of these genes and their roles in the process of tumor development. Key areas for future investigation in this field, identified at the meeting, were: (1) understanding how susceptibility genes are altered in cancer cell physiology, (2) elucidating the function of these genes in the biochemistry of cellular signaling pathways; and (3) improving our ability to use this information to extrapolate basic oncology research to the clinic. At this meeting, the fields of molecular carcinogenesis, DNA repair and human genetics were very successfully integrated. These fields have converged in the areas of cell cycle control and genetic susceptibility, and this meeting capitalized on this convergence to highlight recent progress in these areas. Key areas for future research were also emphasized, including the need to apply the rapidly emerging information from these fields towards developing novel therapeutic modalities to treat and prevent cancer.     

Arthur Allen Ward, Jr., M.D. 1916-1997

Our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms controlling the glucose response in yeast has advanced in the past year. Two transporter-like proteins have been shown to function as glucose sensors in a pathway for glucose induction of transporter genes. Our understanding of the glucose repression mechanism has been augmented by studies of the Snf1 protein kinase, the Mig1 repressor, and the role of Snf1 in inhibiting Mig1 and regulating activators. DNA microarrays have been used to assess glucose-regulated gene expression.