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正转基因食品是指利用基因工程(转基因)技术在物种基因组中嵌入了(非同种)特定的外源基因的食品,包括转基因植物食品、转基因动物食品和转基因微生物食品。转基因作为一种新兴的生物技术手段,它的不成熟和不确定性,必然使得转基因食品的安全性成为人们关注的焦点。一、转基因食品的"是"转基因技术被视为现代农业的一场革命。英国咨询公司PG Economics分析了转基因作物商业化种植以来的相关数据后得出如下结论:转基因作物生产了3.28亿吨额外的粮食、饲料和纤维,相当于增加了价值982亿美元的农作物产量;转基因作物节约了1.087亿公顷土地,保护了生物的多样性;另外,转基因累积减少农药使用4.73亿千克,等于是与转基因作物相关的农药使用量下降了9%。在许多科学家看来,PG的研究报告是截止目前有关转基因作物 相似文献
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转基因食品安全性评价研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
自1996年以来,转基因作物的大规模商业化生产为人们带来了巨大的社会经济效益,但是转基因技术存在一定的风险性,因此加强转基因食品的安全性评价和标准化管理显得尤为迫切和重要。本文从营养学、毒理学、过敏性等方面综述了转基因食品的食用安全性评价,并多角度探讨了转基因食品安全性评价的关键问题,包括用不同动物实验评价转基因食品的食用安全性,新型转基因植物的安全性评价,以及转基因食品的食用安全标准化等,以期使读者对转基因食品的食用安全性有更加系统、全面的了解。 相似文献
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转基因番茄DNA检测芯片的研究 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
自19世纪70年代世界上第一例转基因植物问世以来,它对人类健康及环境的安全性问题,受到了全世界广泛的关注:本研究根据转基因番茄(Zeneea)中所转入的外源基因,选择CaMV35S启动子、NOS终止子、PG/NOS基因和内源PG基因设计特异性引物,采用多重PCR法对待测样品进行扩增,通过缺口平移法合成DIG—dUTP标记杂交探针,并制备基因芯片。在对PCR反应和扩增产物与芯片杂交条件进行优化的同时,比较了芯片检测的特异性和重复性,并对检测的灵敏度进行测试。结果表明,该方法具有较好的特异性和重复性,检测灵敏度可达0.5%,由于采用了多重PCR技术一次可同时检测多个基因,提高了检测的;隹确性和效率。 相似文献
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论我国转基因食品安全的法律完善 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
随着转基因生物技术的研究开发,转基因食品已经走进了人们的生活.但是,基因工程掌握的不确定性及不可预测性,使得转基因食品安全问题成为目前人类在发展过程中必须面对的一个棘手的环境问题.法律手段无疑是人类控制和应对转基因食品安全风险的重要工具和明智选择.本文介绍了我国转基因食品的发展现状,对我国现有的转基因食品安全管理法规体系进行了初浅的分析,从制定相关法律法规和配套制度等方面提出了完善我国的转基因食品安全性法律的建议. 相似文献
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基因工程和转基因食品的安全性问题 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
基因工程通过DNA重组技术,能够获得有特殊生物遗传性状和功能的遗传工程生物体(GMO)。基因工程技术应用于农业、食品工业,产生了转基因食品。但是这种人为改变生物体遗传特性的生物技术是否能安全地被利用,从而更好地造福人类呢?本文介绍了基因工程和转基因食品的发展和现状,总结了转基因食品带来的食品本身、生态环境和国家经济方面的安全性问题,并对转基因食品安全性的评价和管理工作进行了综述。 相似文献
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Genetically modified microorganisms (GMMs) are involved in the production of a variety of food and feed. The release and consumption of these products can raise questions about health and environmental safety. Therefore, the European Union has different legislative instruments in place in order to ensure the safety of such products. A key requirement is to conduct a scientific risk assessment as a prerequisite for the product to be placed on the market. This risk assessment is performed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), through its Scientific Panels. The EFSA Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms has published complete and comprehensive guidance for the risk assessment of GMMs and their products for food and/or feed use, in which the strategy and the criteria to conduct the assessment are explained, as well as the scientific data to be provided in applications for regulated products. This Guidance follows the main risk assessment principles developed by various international organisations ( and ). The assessment considers two aspects: the characterisation of the GMM and the possible effects of its modification with respect to safety, and the safety of the product itself. Due to the existing diversity of GMMs and their products, a categorisation is recommended to optimise the assessment and to determine the extent of the required data. The assessment starts with a comprehensive characterisation of the GMM, covering the recipient/parental organism, the donor(s) of the genetic material, the genetic modification, and the final GMM and its phenotype. Evaluation of the composition, potential toxicity and/or allergenicity, nutritional value and environmental impact of the product constitute further cornerstones of the process. The outcome of the assessment is reflected in a scientific opinion which indicates whether the product raises any safety issues. This opinion is taken into account by the different European regulatory authorities prior to a decision regarding authorisation to commercialise the product. 相似文献
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The politics and science behind GMO acceptance 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Varzakas TH Arvanitoyannis IS Baltas H 《Critical reviews in food science and nutrition》2007,47(4):335-361
The question of nutritional quality has arisen in the International Community over the last few years along with other important issues such as population aging, multipopulation societies, and political conflicts. The nutritional issue is questioned both quantitatively and qualitatively. It is well known that the planet faces enormous problems with food that is available. Nowadays 20% of the population consumes approximately 80% of the produced energy and natural resources. During the last 15 years, a series of food scares and crises (BSE, dioxin, foot and mouth disease, bird flu) have seriously undermined public confidence in food producers and operators and their capacity to produce safe food. As a result, food safety has become a top priority of the European legislative authorities. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) is the new food safety concern which despite the intense reactions from Non Governmental Organizations and consumer organizations have entered our lives with inadequate legislative measures to protect consumers from their consumption. The GMO issue will be the issue for discussion in the long run not only for the European Community but also for the international community as far as scientific, economical, political, ideological, ethical, and human issues are concerned. These issues are discussed in this paper along with a case of study of GM fish. 相似文献