Quality, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity of new flat-type peach and nectarine cultivars: a comparative study

In this work, some organoleptic and nutritive parameters related to fruit quality (color, firmness, total soluble solids, and total acidity), the content of bioactive compounds (total phenolics and total carotenoids) as well as the total antioxidant activity (TAA) due to hydrophilic (H-TAA) and lipophilic (L-TAA) compounds have been determined in both skin and flesh of 10 flat peach and nectarine genotypes (7 peaches and 3 nectarines). Results showed that genotype plays an important role in determining the organoleptic and nutritive quality, as well as the concentration of bioactive compounds and the related TAA, since these parameters differed largely among cultivars. Overall data suggest that for commercial purposes and consumer's acceptability (based on color, firmness, acidity, and bioactive compounds), the flat nectarine "ASF-06-83" and the flat peaches "Sweet Cap" and "ASF-06-91" could be considered as the best cultivars. Additionally, it is suggested that the content of bioactive compounds should be included as an important factor in future breeding program to obtain new genotypes with enhanced bioactive compounds. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Genotype of flat peaches and nectarines plays an important role in determining the organoleptic and nutritive quality, as well as the content of bioactive compounds. Given the differences on bioactive compounds concentration and antioxidant activity among peaches and nectarines flat cultivars, these parameters should be included as an important factor in future breeding program to obtain new genotypes with enhanced bioactive compounds.     

A comparative study of phenols composition,antioxidant, and antifungal potency of leaves extract from five Moroccan Vitis vinifera L. varieties

Vitis vinifera (L) crops, covers an area of about 54,000 ha corresponding to a production of 230,000 t of grapes, representing 5.5% of the national perennial corps. However, this plant is sensitive to various ravages and diseases, among others, the cryptogrammic by fungi. The degrading enzymes of the cell wall are among the factors of pathogenicity the more important than fungi use to colonize their host plants. In this study, the first step was devoted to the antioxidant activity and phenols composition (phenylalanine-ammonia-lyase [PAL], tyrosine-ammonia-lyase [TAL], flavonoids, and tannins) as well as high-performance liquid chromatography analysis in five vineyard leaves extract, which are “Superior, Early sweet and Flame” (Allochthonous), “Abbou and Adari” (endemic). In the second step, the lytic activities “pectinase, polygalacturonase, xylanase, mannanase, glucanase, and cellulase” were investigated among six epiphytic fungus to compare their hydrolytic aggressiveness. Subsequently, as a third part, phenols antifungal potency and Trichoderma biocontrol were displayed in the study. The phenolic compounds observed in the attributes leaves were different among varieties (p < .05), and show that the endemic variety “Abbou” leads the phytochemical amount, which has the highest quantities of PAL, and TAL, as well as the DPPH and FRAP antioxidant activity, while the introduced variety show a higher amount in total phenol and flavonoids. The polygalacturonase, mannanase, and pectinase activities are probably the main factors responsible for the aggressiveness of the studied fungus. Phenols potency showed a good mycelial inhibition with 82.09% as compared to the biocontrol (64.45%). Given the efficacy of the phytochemical control in this study, the phenols could be a part of integrated management strategies for sustainable control of vineyard disease.