AB_5型贮氢合金电极添加Co_3O_4的电化学性能

将不同含量的Co3O4（2%,4%,6%,8%,质量分数）作为添加剂加入到储氢合金中,采用机械混合法进行改性处理。对添加Co3O4的合金电极的电化学性能和电极过程进行研究。结果表明：放电容量有了较大增加,添加2%、4%、6%、8%Co3O4的电极放电容量比空白电极容量分别增加0.83%,4.86%,7.18%和9.21%。线性极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱测试表明,添加Co3O4降低了电极的电荷转移电阻。循环伏安、扫描电镜和EDS测试表明,添加的Co3O4可部分溶解,发生Co-Co（OH）2可逆氧化？还原反应,从而改善储氢合金的电化学性能。     

氧化铝包覆SrTiO3纳米纤维/聚偏氟乙烯复合材料的制备与介电储能性能

目的 通过开发出工作场强更高、储能效率更高的电介质储能材料,从而提高电力设备的性能、减小电力设备体积。方法 采用静电纺丝工艺结合溶胶凝胶工艺制备具有一维核壳结构的SrTiO3@Al2O3纳米纤维填料,并结合流延成型工艺制备出聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)电介质复合材料。系统地研究了SrTiO3纳米纤维填料表面包覆Al2O3对PVDF电介质复合材料界面极化、介电性能、储能性能的影响。结果 制备的一维纳米填料具有良好的核壳结构,其中芯层为SrTiO3,壳层为Al2O3, Al2O3包覆厚度为6 nm。低填充量下,一维核壳结构SrTiO3@Al2O3纳米纤维填料均匀地分散在PVDF基体中。在相同的体积分数填料填充下,SrTiO3@Al2O3纳米纤维/PVDF复合材料表现出更低的介电损耗和漏电流、更强的耐击穿场强、以及更高的储能密度和放电效率。SrTiO3@Al2O3纳米纤维/PVDF电介质复合材料的最大储能密度达到8.9 J/cm³。结论 Al2O3包覆层可以阻止SrTiO3纳米纤维填料在复合材料中的接触,减小Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars界面极化,降低漏电流,进而提高复合材料薄膜的击穿强度和储能性能。     

X-TiO2(X=Ce,Bi)粉体的光电催化性能的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出纳米X- TiO2(X=Ce,Bi)粉体,并用XRD、UV-Vis DRS对其进行表征,以500W氙灯模拟太阳光,考察改性TiO2粉体的可见光催化活性.采用涂覆法制备出改性TiO2电极,以300W高压汞灯为侧光源,考察了电极的光电催化性能.实验结果表明:改性TiO2粉体均为锐钛矿型晶相,Ce和Bi的加入不同程度地提高了TiO2在可见光区的吸光强度,Bi和Ce最佳摩尔掺杂量均为0.04％.3种电极光电催化性能先后排序为:TiO2电极＜0.04％Bi-TiO2电极＜0.04％Ce-TiO2电极,循环伏安曲线分析表明,金属离子的掺杂提高了TiO2电极的电催化活性,且Ce的掺杂对电极电催化活性的影响大于Bi.HPLC分析表明,金属离子掺杂使得苯环开环加速,促进了苯酚的氧化过程.     

The electrochemical hydrogen storage of CNTs synthesized by CVD using LaNi5 alloy particles as catalyst and treated with different temperature in nitrogen

The multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using LaNi₅ alloy particles as catalyst. The effect of 40–60 nm MWNTs treated with different temperature in nitrogen on the electrochemical properties of CNTs–Ni electrode were investigated. Three-electrode system was introduced for testing electrochemical hydrogen storage of the electrode. The CNTs–Ni electrodes were used as the working electrode, which were prepared by mixing MWNTs and Ni powder in a weight ratio of 1:10 (MWNTs:Ni). Ni(OH)₂/NiOOH worked as the counter electrode and Hg/HgO as the reference electrode. A 6 mol/L KOH solution acted as the electrolyte. MWNTs treated with different temperature in nitrogen ambient represented a great discrepancy in the electrochemical hydrogen storage capability under the same testing condition. The CNTs–Ni electrodes with 40–60 nm diameter CNTs which were treated in a temperature of 800 °C in nitrogen has the best electrochemical hydrogen storage capacity of 588.1 mAh/g and a corresponding discharging plateau voltage of 1.18 V. From 500 to 800 °C, the higher temperature the MWNTs treated, the better the electrochemical hydrogen storage property of them is. This shows that the temperature of treatment is an important factor that influences electrochemical hydrogen storage performance of MWNTs.     

Preparation of CuS/BiVO_4 thin film and its efficacious photoelectrochemical performance in hydrogen generation

To drive photoelectrochemical water splitting on porous BiVO_4 photoanode, we herein prepared a carnationlike CuS powder by hydrothermal method and then loaded it onto BiVO_4 photoelectrode. Expectedly, the CuS/BiVO_4 composite not only presents a higher photocurrent response value at 1.23 V versus RHE(reversible hydrogen electrode) than pure BiVO_4 electrode under visible light irradiation, but also exhibits an excellent photoelectrochemical hydrogen production activity in comparison with either the BiVO_4 or the CuS. The high ameliorated performance of CuS/BiVO_4 composite may be due to the strong absorption of visible light and an effective abatement in combination of carriers. These results demonstrate an effective potential approach to design and construct efficient photoelectrochemical(PEC) systems.     

钛基镍钴合金电极的制备及析氢性能

目的降低电极的析氢过电位,提高析氢性能,从而降低电解水制氢的成本,促进氢储能技术的发展。方法通过异相共沉积法,制备了镍钴合金电极。利用场发射扫描电镜(SEM)、电化学交流阻抗(EIS)对纯镍电极及镍钴合金电极进行表征,采用阴极极化曲线(LSV)探究了电沉积液中Ni/Co元素的比例、电沉积电位及电沉积时间对镍钴合金电极析氢性能的影响。结果 SEM结果揭示了纯镍电极及镍钴合金电极表面分别是粒径约为100 nm左右的镍颗粒和镍钴颗粒。EIS结果说明了镍钴合金电极的导电性能优于纯镍电极。此外,纯镍电极、镍钴合金电极的阴极极化曲线测试表明在电流密度为30 mA/cm~2时,镍钴合金电极的析氢过电位比纯镍电极降低55 mV,降低了近20%。结论通过异相共沉积法制备镍钴合金电极,制备方法简单、方便、快速,其析氢性能优于纯镍电极。镍钴合金电极的最优制备工艺条件为:NiSO_4·6H_2O 27 g/L,CoSO_4·7H_2O_3 g/L,H_3BO_3 10 g/L,Na_2SO_4 10 g/L,柠檬酸10 g/L,十二烷基硫酸钠0.1 g/L,pH值4.0,电沉积电位-1.3 V,电沉积时间10 s。     

Influence of calcination atmosphere on photocatalytic reactivity of K2La2Ti3O10 for water splitting

The layered perovskite type oxide K2La2Ti3O10 powders were prepared under air, Ar and H2 calcination atmospheres by sol-gel method and characterized by X-ray diffractometry, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The influence of the calcination atmosphere on the photocatalytic reactivity of K2La2Ti3O10 for hydrogen production was investigated. The photocatalytic reactivity of K2La2Ti3O10 prepared under air, Ar and H2 atmospheres was compared with that prepared under ultraviolet and visible light radiation using Г as electronic donor. The results show that K2La2Ti3O10 prepared under Ar and H2 atmospheres has higher photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production than that prepared under air atmosphere. The hydrogen production rates under ultraviolet irradiation are 127.5, 81.3 and 57.0 μmol/（L·h） and those under visible light irradiation are 40.2, 30.2 and 16.5 μmol/（L2h） respectively when K2La2Ti3O10 is prepared under Ar, H2 and air atmospheres.     

Electrochemical properties of AB5 type hydrogen storage alloy as anode electrocatalyst of PEMFC

1　INTRODUCTIONIn recent years, the application of the roomtemperature type ( < 100 ℃) polymer electrolytemembrane fuel cells(PEMFCs) as a primary powersource in electric vehicles and portable equipmentsetc has received increasing attention[1 4]. Usuallyin a PEMFC system, platinum is chosen as the e lectrode electrocatalyst, however, it results in ahigh cost PEMFC system for commercialization be cause Pt is a high cost, source limit metal. So,looking fo…     

Surface analysis, hydrogen adsorption and electrochemical performance of alkali-reduce treated hydrogen storage alloy

The hydrogen storage alloy powders (M1Ni4.0Co0.6Al0.4, M1 = rich-La mischmetal) were treated in a hot 6 mol/L KOH 0.02 mol/L KBH4 solution, the surface compositions and chemical states of the treated and untreated alloys were analyzed by XPS and EDX, the hydrogen adsorption on the surface of these alloys was evaluated by thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS), the effects of the surface treatment on the electrochemical performances of the alloy electrodes were investigated. The results show that the hydrogen adsorption is greatly strengthened by the surface modification, and hence leads to marked improvement in the electrocatalytic activity, the treated alloy exhibits higher exchange current density and lower apparent activation energy for the hydrogen electrode reaction than the untreated alloy.     

Photocatalytic degradation of phenol in aqueous solution using TiO_2/Ti thin film photocatalyst

1　INTRODUCTIONHeterogeneousphotocatalysishasbeenwidelyin vestigatedasanalternativemethodfordegradationoforganicpollutantsinrecent 2 0 years .TiO2 isthemostinvestigatedphotocatalystuptodatebecauseitisoftenusedinthetreatmentofpollutantchemicals ,basedonitsremarkableactivity ,chemicalstability ,andalsoonitsnon toxicproperties.Phenolor phenoliccompoundsexistwidelyindailylifeandinindustrialwastewateroriginatingfromcokeovens ,petroleummanufactureorpaintstrippingoperations ,andhavebecomecommonp…     

Testing of high temperature reference electrodes for light water reactor applications

The main objective of the LIRES (light water reactor reference electrodes) project, supported by the EC within the EURATOM FP5, was to develop reference electrodes, which are robust enough to be used inside a light water reactor at temperatures up to 320 °C and pressures up to 120 bar. This contribution summarises the test of three types of reference electrodes developed within LIRES: (i) an external Ag/AgCl reference electrode from the NRI, Rez, Plc, (ii) a PtIr alloy hydrogen electrode from Studsvik Nuclear AB, and (iii) a Pd-hydride reference electrode—Pd(Pt) polarised active electrode pair—from the VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. Our results are being compared, within a Round Robin test, with similar measurements of a number of laboratories to select the appropriate reference electrodes for long-term tasks, when the potential should be monitored for months under irradiating conditions.     

Hydrogen desorption kinetics of amorphous Mg0.9Ti0. 1Ni1-xPdx （x=0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15） electrode alloys

1 Introduction Mg-based alloy is a kind of promising hydrogen storage materials used for fuel cell. It is also a potential candidate as cathode materials of Ni-MH rechargeable batteries due to its large discharge capacity[1]. However, its cyclic stabilit…     

大气等离子喷涂制备梯度多孔电极及其碱式电解水性能研究

目的 探索电极的梯度多孔结构对碱式电解水析氢性能的影响。方法 采用大气等离子喷涂工艺制备不同Al含量的涂层,经化学腐蚀后,得到单一多孔电极和梯度多孔电极。通过SEM/EDS、XPS、XRD和工业CT对样品微观形貌、元素价态、物相等进行表征和分析,采用线性扫描伏安法(LSV)、循环扫描伏安法(CV)和电化学阻抗谱法(EIS)等手段研究样品的析氢性能。结果 通过控制Al的添加量,可以有效控制涂层的孔隙率。通过多组粉末的配合喷涂,成功实现了梯度多孔结构的制备。所制备样品的析氢Tafel斜率都接近于120 mV/dec,其析氢速率控制步骤皆为Volmer过程,即水分子吸附和解离过程。N30A表面最平整,表现出最接近电容的阻抗特性,其电解性能也因此最差;N40A表现出与N50A类似的阻抗特性,但其整体孔隙率较低,因此其电解性能较差;低电流密度下,N50A和N543A表现出十分接近的电解性能,而高电流密度下N543A表现出更加优越的电解性能。结论 梯度多孔结构的引入可以促进电解液的输运,同时提供较好的排气能力,又能保证足够的反应活性位点,因此可以有效提升析氢性能。     

Erratum to “Mimicking photosynthesis: covalent [60]fullerene-based donor–acceptor ensembles” [Synth. Met. 147 (2004) 57–61]

Polypyrrole (PPy) nanowire modified electrode was prepared and its electrocatalytic behavior towards nitrate reduction was characterized_. The electrode surfaces were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The electrocatalytic activity of modified graphite electrode was compared with graphite, copper (Cu) and platinum (Pt) electrode. The nitrite concentration produced at PPy modified electrode is lower than that at any other electrodes, and its changing tendency is opposite to any other electrodes. The PPy nanowire modified electrodes were further modified by electrodeposition of Cu. The results show that the produced nitrite concentration gets higher with the increase of Cu content. The primary experimental results show that the modified electrode has promise use in the remove of nitrate from water.     

Al替代Ni对A2B7型贮氢电极合金性能的影响

用冷坩埚磁悬浮熔炼方法制备La0.7Mg0.3（Ni0.85-xCo0.15Alx）3.4贮氢电极合金，采用XRD、三电极体系及SEM研究相结构、电化学性能及电极的表面状态。Rietveld法全谱拟合分析表明，该体系合金为多相结构，主相为ce2Ni7型六方相，还包括CaCu5型六方相、PuNi3型菱方相、MgCu2型立方相及BCr型正交相。Al元素为ce2Ni7型主相的有利形成元素，且Al替代Ni后，各组成相的晶胞体积均增加。P-C-T曲线显示随着Al替代量X的增加，合金放氢平台的平台区域变窄，平台压力降低，平台特性变差。电化学性能测试表明，随着X增加合金电极的最大放电容量降低，高倍率放电性能降低，循环稳定性明显提高。     

Synthesis and characterization of Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-σ

Perovskite-type Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ (BSCFO) powders were synthesized using two methods, solid-state reaction (SSR) method and cit-rate-EDTA complexing method (CC-EDTA). Then the powders were pressed to green disks of 19 mm in diameter and sintered at 1140℃ for 5 h. The shrinkage rate and relative density of the membranes prepared from the perovskite-type powders were determined and calculated, and the powders and derived membranes were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The re-sults show that the shrinkage rates of the two kinds of disks are nearly the same (about 10%). The disks prepared by the SSR method had a bigger grain size and lower relative density than those prepared by the CC-EDTA method. The conductivity of the membranes prepared by the SSR method was about 38 S/cm, higher than that of the membranes prepared by the CC-EDTA method, which was about 30 S/cm, at the same temperature of 600℃.     

掺Ag量对绢云母负载纳米二氧化钛性能的影响

以绢云母为载体,采用水解-沉淀法制备出了绢云母负载纳米TiO2粉体（TiO2/M）,在粉体表面沉积不同量的Ag2CO3,经400℃焙烧,制得不同掺Ag量的绢云母负载TiO2光催化剂,采用TG、XRD、SEM、EDS、UV等手段对样品进行了性能表征;并以日光色镝灯为光源,甲基橙为模拟污染物检测其光催化活性,研究了Ag的掺杂量对粉体中TiO2晶相结构、粒度和光催化性能的影响。结果表明：纳米TiO2均匀负载在绢云母上形成包覆层,Ag的掺杂抑制了TiO2晶粒的长大,减缓锐钛矿向金红石相的转变,同时Ag的掺杂形成新的能级结构,随Ag＋/Ti4＋摩尔比的增加,样品对光的吸收边逐渐红移至440～520 nm,具有明显的可见光响应,当Ag＋/Ti4＋=0.05时,制得样品对甲基橙的光催化降解率是没有掺Ag的样品的1.5倍,相同条件下重复利用4次,该样品60 min对甲基橙的降解率仍然可达34%。     

纯La及混合稀土镁基储氢合金的性能研究

用共沉淀还原扩散法制备了不同化学计量比的LaMg2Ni9-xCox（x=0．3-6．0）和M／Mg2Ni9-xCox（x=0．3-4．5）稀土镁基储氢电极合金。电化学测试结果表明：制得的合金活化性能良好；在Co含量x逐渐增大的过程中，合金的活化次数没有发生明显的变化，合金的放电容量逐渐减小，合金的循环稳定性逐渐增强。混合稀土合金比纯镧合金的活化次数多、放电量小，但是循环稳定性好。合金结构分析表明，合金主相为MgNi2相和LaNi5相，随着Co含量增加，LaCo5相和LaCo3相含量增加。     

AB_3型La-Mg-Ni系稀土贮氢合金电极合金结构和贮氢性能

用感应熔炼的方法制备了AB_3型La-Mg-Ni系稀土贮氰电极合金,采用X射线衍射、Sievert型测试仪、三电极测试体系研究了合金的相结构、吸氢性能、电化学性能.X射线衍射分析结果表明,AB_3型La-Mg-Ni系稀土贮氢电极合金均南(La,Mg)Ni,相、(La,Mg)_2Ni_7相及少量杂质相组成,为多相结构;贮氢性能实验研究表明,具有PuNi_3结构的LaNi_3,型合金的吸氧量高于具有CaCu_5结构的LaNi_5型合金.