叶片正弯曲对涡轮静叶栅流场影响的试验研究

对一典型涡轮静叶型开展了叶片正弯曲对涡轮叶栅流场性能影响的试验研究。测量了直叶栅和 +10°、+2 0°、+30°弯曲叶片叶栅出口流场。结果表明 ,对该叶型叶栅 ,随着叶片正弯曲角的增加 ,通道涡一直位于叶栅端壁附近 ,其强度变化很小 ,但叶栅出口尾缘涡明显增强 ,并向叶栅中部扩展 ;同时 ,随着叶片正弯曲角的增加 ,叶栅端部总损失变化不大 ,但叶栅中部总损失迅速增加 ,导致叶栅总损失随叶片正弯曲角的增加而增大 ,直叶片叶栅总损失最小     

低展弦比涡轮静叶栅叶片正弯曲作用的试验研究

对弯曲叶片研究中代表性的HIT涡轮静叶型重新开展了叶片弯曲对低展弦比涡轮静叶栅流场影响的试验研 究。测量了直叶片叶栅、+10°、+20°和+30°弯曲叶片叶栅的进、出口流场,分析了叶片弯曲对叶栅出口二次流、 总压损失和气流角的影响。结果表明:对该叶型叶栅,叶片正弯曲既不能大幅度降低叶栅二次流损失,也不能改 善叶栅出口气流角沿叶高的分布:叶栅出口二次流动、尾缘涡及壁角涡随叶片正弯曲角的增大而增强,而通道涡 强度和位置变化不大;该研究结果同以往有关文献的研究结果完全不同。     

平面涡轮叶栅内旋涡结构的试验研究

选择3种典型的平面涡轮叶栅,叶型折转角分别为68o、113o和160o,通过对其内部流场进行详细测量和流动分析,讨论叶型折转角对出口涡量分布、气流角分布以及流动损失的影响,并获得3种典型叶栅的旋涡模型。结果表明,在平面涡轮叶栅中存在着复杂的旋涡结构,而且对于不同的叶型折转角,旋涡模型也不同:随着叶型折转角的增加,流场中通道涡的强度不断增强,其位置也不断向叶片中部移动;受其影响,尾缘涡在整个流场中的地位则随着叶型折转角的增加而逐步降低。旋涡结构的变化会引起叶栅出口的气流角、密流和损失分布的明显差别,可以通过控制旋涡结构来重新组织流场。因此,认识叶栅内旋涡结构的基本特征可以为气动优化策略的选择提供依据。     

尾缘弯折角对宽攻角范围涡轮叶片气动性能影响的数值研究

采用数值模拟方法研究了涡轮尾缘弯折角对宽攻角叶型气动性能的影响,对比研究了尾缘弯折角和攻角变化对涡轮叶型载荷、出口气流角和损失系数的影响。计算结果表明:当攻角小于7°时,涡轮叶栅损失系数随尾缘弯折角增大而减小;当攻角大于7°时,涡轮叶栅损失系数随尾缘弯折角增大而增大。当尾缘弯折角一定时,涡轮叶栅损失系数先减小后增大,攻角为-23.35°处损失系数最小。随着攻角增加,出口气流角减小,叶片载荷后移。在全攻角范围内,尾缘弯折角增大,涡轮叶栅出口气流角增大,叶片载荷后移。     

正/反弯曲对高负荷压气机叶栅流场影响机理

弯曲叶片是改善压气机近端壁流动的有效技术手段之一。为探索叶片弯曲对高负荷压气机叶栅流场的影响机理,在初始高负荷直列叶栅的基础上,设计了不同正/反弯曲水平的叶栅,并采用数值模拟方法对系列叶栅进行研究。研究发现:叶片正弯曲形成了中间静压低、两端静压高的"C"形静压分布,可有效改善压气机叶栅近端壁流场,显著抑制角区分离,使得端壁区域扩压能力提高;正弯曲可增大叶展中部区域负荷,恶化叶中流场,增大流动分离;叶片反弯曲形成了中间静压高、两端静压低的反"C"形静压分布,可显著恶化近端壁区流场,角区分离区增大,端壁区域扩压能力降低,叶中流场有所改善。     

涡轮叶栅通道中的流动显示

在大尺寸低速叶栅传热风洞中对一种高压涡轮导向叶栅的流场进行了流动显示实验研究。分别采用线簇和小球浮动法对五个雷诺数下的叶栅端壁区三维流场、叶片表面和端壁表面的流动进行了显示。实验结果表明 :涡轮叶栅中有强烈的二次流动 ,并存在复杂的涡系 ;三维流动区约占叶栅通道的 40 % ;雷诺数的增大将增强端壁区的三维流动。流场显示图片说明 :叶片吸力面靠近端壁有角涡形成与发展 ,并存在一个三角形区域 ;流场显示的通道涡大小与流场测量结果吻合。本文的实验结果可用于分析端壁表面和叶片表面换热特性的形成机理     

肋片影响下的压气机静子叶栅流动特性研究

研究了肋片结构对带静子容腔的压气机静子叶栅的影响,采用数值模拟方法分析进气攻角及马赫数变化带来的流动性能变化。结果表明：增加肋片后,低能流体的发展变得复杂,有肋片时出口总压损失下降了4.53%,叶根处叶片载荷增大,叶根角区流场恶化得到缓解。从总体来看总压损失随攻角增大均有所增加,正攻角时叶根处流场性能严重恶化。随马赫数增加,100%轴向弦长处的总压损失逐渐增大,10%叶高处叶片载荷逐渐降低。     

高空低雷诺数压气机叶栅气动性能数值研究

本文采用数值仿真方法研究了亚声速叶栅损失特性和流场结构在高空低雷诺数条件下的流动特点,获得了叶型损失系数和流场结构在不同雷诺数情况下的变化规律。结果表明:随着雷诺数降低,平面叶栅总压恢复系数分布以及叶栅尾迹区流动均发生剧烈的变化;随着雷诺数降低,零攻角与负攻角的吸力面尾缘分离区增大,且在20km时吸力面出现明显的分离涡;随着雷诺数的降低,分离涡逐渐后移。     

某重型燃机透平静叶变冲角性能实验研究

在亚音速叶栅风洞试验台上对某重型燃机静叶型进行了风洞试验,采用5孔测量方法,测量了静叶根、中、顶3个截面叶型在3个冲角下的流场气动参数。通过实验数据处理得到了型面静压系数、出口气流角、总压损失系数随冲角及叶高变化的规律,实验结果表明该静叶栅具有良好的气动性能和很强的负冲角适应性。     

掠高对涡轮静叶栅气动性能的影响

采用数值模拟技术对轴向前掠,轴向后掠和原叶片进行计算,研究掠高变化对涡轮静叶栅气动性能的影响.结果表明:叶片前掠时,掠高增大使反C型压力分布加强,而反C型压力分布使端壁损失增大,但前掠减小了流道主流区的总压损失.叶片后掠时,掠高增大使C型压力分布被加强,而C型压力分布使端壁损失减小,但后掠增大了流道主流区的总压损失.     

叶尖小翼调控压气机叶栅间隙流场结构的试验研究*

在低速条件下,对叶尖不同位置安装小翼的压气机叶栅流场进行试验研究。通过端壁静压孔对上端壁流场进行测量,叶栅出口流场利用五孔气动探针测量,细致分析不同安装方式叶尖小翼对压气机叶栅叶尖端区流场结构、气动损失和通流能力的影响。结果表明,不同安装方式的叶尖小翼对压气机叶栅间隙流场影响不同。与无叶尖小翼的常规叶栅相比,吸力面小翼使得叶栅损失降低的同时带来了流动堵塞的降低,压力面小翼使得叶栅损失和流动堵塞同时增加,组合小翼在降低叶栅损失的同时有效降低了叶栅的流动堵塞,改善了叶栅的通流能力。通过与常规叶栅叶尖区域流场结构的详细对比分析,对不同安装方式的叶尖小翼的影响机理做出解释。     

径流叶片扩压器的气动设计与优化

径流叶片扩压器的优化设计对提高离心风机的静压效率有重要作用。基于NACA65平面叶栅试验数据和叶栅保角变换方法,建立径流叶片扩压叶栅的气动设计方法,解决了径流叶栅气动设计中基准叶型的转换问题。通过对叶型的参数化和应用遗传算法的优化,可以进一步优化叶片安装角和局部型线,控制叶片表面的流动分布,降低叶栅总压损失和出口气流落后角,相关算例证明了本文方法的可行性。     

Purge flow effect on aerodynamics performance in high-pressure turbine cascade

The endwall and blade film cooling systems are the typical solution adopted within gas turbines to allow further increase of turbine inlet temperature, avoiding critical material thermal damages. Due to the complex secondary flow field in the blade passage, endwall is more difficult to be cooled than blade surfaces. In the matter of fact, in endwall film cooling studies, it is necessary to investigate the interaction between coolant air and the secondary flow. In present study, the flow field of high-pressure turbine in linear cascade has been investigated by 5-holes pitot tube to reveal the secondary flows behaviour under the influenced of purge flows through a slot which is located 0.63 C_ax upstream of blade leading edge. Both measurement and numerical simulation presented almost similar trend of aerodynamics performance thus enable the authors to excute the flow visualizations accurately. The presence of newly generated vortical structures was considered to be responsible to the additional loss at higher MFR cases.     

掠形对高负荷风扇转子失稳机理的影响

以超高负荷两级风扇第一级前掠转子为研究对象,通过定常和非定常数值模拟手段对近失速点叶尖流场进行了深入分析。为探索失稳机理,与同等气动性能下的后掠转子进行了对比。结果表明:前掠转子在近失速工况下泄漏涡涡心并未发生破碎,其流动失稳是由于端壁机匣处的低能流体集聚所致。而后掠转子的泄漏涡与激波干涉导致其向下游发展中发生破碎,表现出与常规转子相似的失速特征。     

Effects of combustor-level high free-stream turbulence on blade-surface heat/mass transfer in the three-dimensional flow region near the endwall of a high-turning turbine rotor cascade

Effects of combustor-level high free-stream turbulence on the blade-surface heat/mass transfer have been investigated in the three-dimensional flow region near the endwall within a high-turning turbine rotor cascade passage. Free-stream turbulence intensity and integral length scale in the high turbulence case are 14.7 percents and 80 mm, respectively. The result shows that there is no considerable discrepancy in the blade heat/mass transfer near the endwall between the low and high turbulence cases. As departing from the endwall, however, the deviation between the two cases becomes larger, particularly in the region where flow separation and re-attachment occur. Under the high turbulence, flow disturbances such as boundary-layer separation and re-attachment seem to be suppressed, which makes the blade heat/mass transfer more uniform. Moreover, there are some evidences that endwall vortices tend to be weakened under the high turbulence.     

Computational investigation on secondary flows in a linear turbine cascade with tapered dual fence

The focus of the present work is to minimize the secondary flow losses inside a linear turbine cascade by means of a novel design of streamwise dual fence. The leading edge and trailing edge of the fences have been modified so as to reduce the total pressure loss coefficient in the passage. The study has been carried out computationally based on RANS simulations with SST turbulence model. Numerous simulations have been undertaken with single fence and dual fence models and compared with the base case model. The dual fence model with tapered trailing edge exhibits significant loss reduction compared to the base case. A suitable fence height ratio (FHR) has been identified for the dual fence model. The FHR = 2 configuration reduces the secondary flow kinetic energy by 78 % within the blade passage and it reduces the exit angle deviation significantly throughout the span. Detailed flow field analysis has been carried out to understand the physical mechanism behind the loss reduction with dual fence models. It is observed that fence-1 breaks the pressure side leg of the horse shoe vortex at the beginning of their formation itself. The radial penetration of the suction side leg of the horse shoe vortex is restrained by fence-2. These combined effects prevent the formation and mixing of two prominent loss core regions thereby avoiding the accumulation of low energy fluid near the suction side of blade.

     

不同叶型双循环圆液力缓速器制动性能与流动特性对比分析#br#

为比较不同叶型双循环圆液力缓速器制动性能,开展了弯叶片与不同倾角直叶片液力缓速器的制动性能研究。对各叶型缓速器内流场进行三维数值模拟,获取了不同转速全充液工况下的制动力矩曲线,得到循环流道速度场、压力场、湍流动能分布状态以及空转工况下的空损功率曲线,并进行对比分析。分析结果表明,数值计算方法具有较高精度,弯叶片双循环圆液力缓速器有良好的制动性能,有利于保证缓速器叶片的强度与刚度,且空损较小。