结晶器铜板等离子喷涂镍-石墨涂层的耐磨性

为提高连铸结晶器铜板的使用寿命和铸坯质量,采用超音速等离子喷涂技术在结晶器铜板材料Cr-Zr-Cu基体上制备镍-石墨自润滑涂层,利用扫描电镜(SEM)对喷涂粉末和涂层的组织形貌进行表征,通过球-盘式摩擦磨损实验研究载荷和温度对镍-石墨自润滑涂层、摩擦系数、磨损量的影响,并对涂层的磨损机制进行分析.结果表明:利用超音速等离子喷涂制备的镍-石墨涂层与基体结合良好,结构致密;涂层的摩擦系数和磨损量均随着载荷的增加而增加,不同载荷下涂层的磨损机制均是磨粒磨损,且随着载荷增加,磨粒磨损加剧;涂层的摩擦系数随着温度的增加而增加,且磨损机制均为氧化磨损,但是温度为225℃时,以石墨的润滑作用为主,温度为425℃时,石墨相被氧化镍覆盖,石墨的润滑作用降低,以氧化镍的润滑作用为主.镍-石墨涂层能显著降低Cr-Zr-Cu基体的摩擦系数和磨损量,提高结晶器的耐磨性能.     

Wear resistance of plasma coatings on mild steel

Mild steel was coated by different materials using plasma spray technique. Materials used as coatings are Ni-5% Al and WC-17% Co. The thickness of the coatings varied between 0.05 to 1.5 mm. The porosity of different coatings decreased with increase in thickness of the coat. The roughness of coating material decreased after wear testing. Microstrueture study has been conducted for coatings of different materials before and after wear testing. Wear tests have been conducted under different aqueous environments at room temperature. The wear resistance of Ni-5% Al coating was improved by heat treatment. X-ray diffractometry showed the presence of NiO in the outer layer of the Ni-5% Al coating. The thickness of the coating, type of coating, heat treatment conditions, and the environment of testing proved to affect the rate of wear resistance.     

Cyclic oxidation behaviour of plasma sprayed metallic coatings

High temperature Co- and Ni-based metallic coatings of various compositions were applied on SS-310 samples using plasma spray technique. The coated samples were exposed to air under cyclic conditions at 900°C for upto 100?h. Adhesion of coatings was measured using standard ASTM C 633-79 method. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was used to determine the surface morphology and microchemical constitution of coatings. X-ray diffraction was used to identify different phases formed during oxidation. Experimental results indicated that high temperature oxidation of SS-310 alloy was greatly reduced by all coatings. The plasma sprayed metallic coatings on SS-310 alloy performed better than that of bare SS-310 under the selected test conditions. Moreover, when compared among the selected metallic coatings used in the study, the Co-based coatings with higher Cr concentration exhibited superior performance compared to Ni-based coating with lower Cr concentration during the reported cyclic exposure.     

铜-石墨复合材料的摩擦学性能和磨损机理

采用机械合金化后冷压成型和放电等离子烧结两种不同工艺分别制备铜-石墨复合材料,在销盘式实验机上进行材料的摩擦实验,并通过扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)分析摩擦表面的形貌和化学性质。结果表明:随着石墨含量的增加,复合材料的摩擦系数与磨损率显著下降;随烧结温度的升高,摩擦系数与磨损率都呈下降趋势。摩擦系数与磨损率的显著改善是由于在磨损过程中形成一层覆盖表面的润滑膜。当形成的润滑膜几乎覆盖住整个磨损表面时,该润滑膜能够抑制滑动界面处金属与金属接触,使摩擦磨损特性得以改善。     

氮化物硬质涂层中Cr、Ti和Al元素对摩擦磨损特性的影响

利用四靶闭合场非平衡磁控溅射(CFUBMS)技术在石英玻璃和抛光不锈钢片两种基底上制备含有Cr、Ti和Al元素组合的各种氮化物涂层.采用摩擦磨损仪测试涂层摩擦系数,应用金相显微镜对各个涂层磨痕形态进行分析,结果表明TiN、CrN、TiAlN、CrAlN以及CrTiAlN涂层的摩擦系数依次减小,耐磨特性依次提高;结合涂层的X射线光电子能谱分析,可以得到含有Al元素涂层中形成了AlN的结构,提高涂层的硬度,增加耐磨特性;在涂层中含有Cr元素形成了氧化物Cr2O3可以提高涂层自排屑能力,减小摩擦系数,增加耐磨特性,含Ti元素形成的氧化物TiO2则不利于涂层的摩擦磨损特性;由于CrTiAlN本身具有比三元氮化物更高的涂层硬度,且含有Al和Cr元素,因此该涂层具有最好的摩擦磨损性能.     

硬质膜层耐磨性测试与表征

比较了测试硬质膜层耐磨性方法(如球-盘磨损试验方法、往复滑动磨损试验法、单向滑动磨损试验法)的各自特点和局限.从摩擦系数、磨损量及磨损机制方面对硬质膜层的耐磨性进行了详细讨论.指出,膜层的摩擦系数与试验参数(载荷、转速、温度等)之间并非简单的线性关系;与磨痕法相比,称重法在磨损量测量方面具有更高的精确度和更广泛的应用;硬质膜的磨损机理可以通过磨损后表面形貌、表面成分并结合摩擦系数和磨损量的变化规律综合分析得出.     

槽电压对纯铁表面液相等离子体电解硼碳氮三元共渗层摩擦磨损性能的影响

利用液相等离子体电解渗技术分别在340,360V和380V槽电压下对纯铁进行硼碳氮三元共渗(PEB/C/N)表面处理。分析纯铁表面PEB/C/N共渗层的形貌、成分、相组成和显微硬度分布。采用球-盘摩擦磨损仪评估槽电压对渗层摩擦磨损性能的影响,并分析渗层与ZrO_2球对磨时磨损机理。纯铁表面的PEB/C/N三元共渗层厚度随着放电电压升高而增大,最高硬度也相应增加。380V处理1h后硼碳氮三元共渗层中渗硼层和过渡层厚度分别达到26μm和34μm,渗层最高硬度可以达到2318HV。硼碳氮三元共渗层的磨损率仅为纯铁基体的1/10。硼碳氮共渗处理大幅度降低纯铁的摩擦因数和磨损率,但不同槽电压下制备的PEB/C/N共渗层的摩擦因数和磨损率变化较小。     

In situ synthesis of TiC/Ti coatings by reactive plasma spraying

ABSTRACT

Sucrose, as a precursor of carbon, and titanium powders were used to prepare TiC powders by a spray-drying/precursor-pyrolysis method. Using the powders, TiC/Ti composite coatings were deposited by reactive plasma spraying. The results show that submicron-sized TiC is formed. The TiC phases have three kinds of crystal morphology: spherical TiC with a diameter of about 600?nm, dendrite TiC with a primary dendrite spacing of about 450?nm and a secondary arm spacing of about 150?nm, and cellular-dendrite TiC with a width of about 120?nm and a length of about 600?nm. The TiC/Ti coatings exhibit high microhardness and excellent wear resistance, which is about 2–3 times and about 200 times higher than that of TC4 alloys, respectively.     

三维网络SiC对铝合金干摩擦磨损性能的影响

用销-盘式高温摩擦磨损实验机研究了LF3铝合金及三维网络SiC(体积分数分别为10％、20％、30％)增强LF3铝基复合材料的干摩擦磨损性能，测量了复合材料及基体合金在室温和高温(25-300℃)条件下的摩擦系数和磨损率，用扫描电镜(SEM)观察其磨损表面，研究了三维网络SiC对铝合金磨损机制的影响．结果表明：复合材料的干摩擦磨损性能远优于基体合金(LF3)，而且随着温度的升高，复合材料的抗磨损性能明显提高．三维网络SiC在磨损表面形成硬的微凸体起承载作用，同时其独特的结构制约基体合金的塑性变形和高温软化，并保护在磨损表面形成的氧化膜．在相同实验条件下，复合材料的摩擦系数、磨损率随着增强体的体积分数的增加而降低．复合材料的摩擦系数在滑行过程中的稳定性明显高于基体合金．     

Fabrication of high hardness and corrosion resistance coatings from Fe-based alloy powders

Gas atomized Fe₅₀Cr₂₄Mo₂₁Si₂B₃ powders were used to form Fe-based alloy coatings by the air plasma spray method. The coatings exhibited high amorphous nature and extremely low porosity of 0.41% in about 200 µm thickness. The Fe-based coating exhibits an average hardness about 1255 Hv. The Fe-based coatings could be potentially applied as functional surface protective coatings.     

Asbestos free friction composition for brake linings

An asbestos free friction material composite for brake linings is synthesized containing fibrous reinforcing constituents, friction imparting and controlling additives, elastomeric additives, fire retarding components and a thermosetting resin. The composite shows exemplary friction characteristics and has great resistance to wear and shows good temperature stability.     

代铬刷镀层摩擦磨损特性的研究

铬镀层在常温下具有优异的耐磨性,但在高速重载下则不然。而采用代铬镀层,在高速重载下仍有较好的耐磨性。本文对代铬刷镀层在高速重载下的平均温度和闪温进行了计算。用扫描电镜(SEM),俄歌谱仪(AES)和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)研究了磨损前后表层的微观变化,从而阐述了代铬刷镀层的耐磨机理。     

汽车用钛合金表面双辉等离子Mo合金化层的制备及其摩擦磨损性能

为了改善钛合金的表面摩擦磨损性能,采用双辉等离子合金化法在汽车用近β型钛合金(Ti-5Zn-3Sn)表面制备了Mo合金层,通过微观组织观察及硬度、摩擦系数、磨损率测试等考察了合金化层的形貌以及摩擦磨损性能.结果表明:钛合金表面等离子合金化后,呈现出银白色,表面形貌很不平整,粗糙度和致密性得到提高.钛合金Mo合金化层与基体之间结合很好,没有出现不可控的断层以及裂纹.随着合金化层的逐渐深入,Mo元素占比慢慢降低.在Mo元素固溶强化作用的影响之下,钛合金表面硬度得到明显提高,有效地改善了钛合金表面摩擦学性能.随着Mo合金化温度增加,合金化层的硬度明显增加.合金化后钛合金表面硬度高,受压屈服极限大,黏着效应小,摩擦系数小,磨损率明显降低.     

磁流变液摩擦磨损特性研究进展概述

磁流变液作为一种耗能低、出力大、反应快的智能材料,已在诸多工程领域展现出巨大的应用潜力。近年来,磁流变液摩擦磨损特性对材料本身和周边器件的影响受到学术界的广泛关注。本文结合磁流变液摩擦磨损特性的研究现状,对改进磁流变液摩擦性能的处理方法和研究手段进行了概述,并综述了磁流变液壁面滑移的研究进展及其在测试和应用中的影响,着重介绍了目前的研究手段和处理方法的优势与局限及其发展方向。最后,结合磁流变液摩擦磨损特性研究中存在的问题提出了一些观点。     

Characterization of plasma sprayed coatings using thermal wave infrared video imaging

A pulsed (time-domain) thermal wave infrared video imaging technique, using an IR camera, a video image processor, and a flash lamp, is described. This system is applied to the imaging of interfacial defects in plasma sprayed coatings on metallic substrates. Results are compared with the conventional point-scanned cw infrared thermal wave imaging technique.     

Al_2O_3颗粒镀铜对铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料Al_2O_3-Fe-Sn-C/Cu摩擦磨损性能的影响

通过对陶瓷摩擦组元的表面进行化学镀铜来改善铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料中陶瓷相与基体间的结合效果,从而提高材料摩擦磨损性能。分别采用镀铜Al2O3颗粒和未镀铜Al2O3颗粒与铜粉和铁粉等经混合、压制、加压烧结制备Al2O3-Fe-Sn-C/Cu摩擦磨损试样。测试并分析了摩擦材料的微观结构、力学性能及摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:摩擦组元镀铜可使硬质颗粒与铜基体结合紧密;摩擦材料的布氏硬度增加了12%,弹性模量提高了约7%,摩擦系数提高了5%~10%,线磨损量降低了20%~50%;表面镀铜后的Al2O3颗粒不易脱落,摩擦系数稳定性提高了13%~23%。研究结果表明,摩擦组元表面镀铜可提高材料的综合性能。     

可聚合添加剂的磨损自补偿效应研究

利用XP销－盘摩擦磨损试验机，对二聚酸／多元醇A可聚合添加剂在钢／钢摩擦副的磨损自补偿效应进行了研究，利用Imaage View数字化图像处理系统对摩擦表面形貌进行了分析，利用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪对摩擦表面的化学成分进行了分析，并对可聚合添加剂的磨损自补偿机理进行了探讨。试验结果证实：二聚酸／多元醇A润滑的摩擦副及动、静件在试验范围内可形成磨损自补偿，表面分析结果表明其磨损自补偿效应在于二聚酸／多元醇A在摩擦过程中在摩擦副表面生成了酯类聚合物膜。     

Q235低碳钢表面等离子熔覆TiB2-TiC/Fe复合涂层及耐磨性

采用等离子熔覆技术,以Fe55、Ti、B₄C混合粉末为原料,在Q235低碳钢表面获得了TiB₂-TiC/Fe复合涂层,并分析了涂层的物相组成、组织结构,测试了显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能,探讨了其磨损机制。TiB₂-TiC/Fe复合涂层的主要物相为TiB₂、TiC、α-Fe,其中TiB₂呈多边形和矩形,TiC则呈不规则块状;随着原始粉末中Ti、B₄C含量的增加,TiB₂、TiC尺寸逐渐增大,TiB₂-TiC/Fe涂层与基体之间结合紧密,呈冶金结合;随着TiB₂-TiC/Fe复合涂层陶瓷相含量的增加,涂层硬度和耐磨性显著提高,当陶瓷相含量增加到一定程度（35wt%）时,涂层耐磨性能有所降低,TiB₂-TiC/Fe复合涂层的磨损方式主要是磨粒磨损和剥层磨损。Ti+B₄C陶瓷相含量为30wt%的等离子熔覆涂层耐磨性能较好,约为Q235钢基体的7倍,当Ti+B₄C含量持续增加时,TiB₂、TiC尺寸增大、缺陷增多,最终使TiB₂-TiC/Fe复合涂层耐磨性降低。     

TC4钛合金微弧氧化复合陶瓷膜制备及耐磨性能研究

采用微弧氧化技术,通过向电解液中分别添加不同的陶瓷颗粒(SiC、SiO2),在TC4钛合金表面制备复合陶瓷膜。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD),MMA-1万能摩擦磨损实验机研究了不同的陶瓷颗粒对膜层微观组织结构、元素分布特征、相组成和耐磨性能的影响。结果表明,在电解液中添加陶瓷颗粒都能使膜层表面变得致密平整且膜层的厚度增加。陶瓷颗粒能够进入氧化层中,但并不发生相变反应。SiC和SiO2颗粒能显著提高膜层耐磨性能。     

Structure and oxidation resistance of plasma sprayed Ni–Si coatings on carbon steel

Ni–Si coatings consisting of mainly NiSi₂ and NiSi were deposited on a carbon steel by air plasma spraying. Isothermal oxidation tests of the carbon steel substrates with the Ni–Si coatings at 500–800 °C have been carried out. The result indicated that a protective SiO₂-based oxide scale was formed on the surface of the coatings after oxidation. On the other hand, during oxidation, phase transformation occurred among the NiSi₂, NiSi and Ni₂Si phases constructing the Ni–Si coatings. This was caused by the extraction of silicon from the silicides and the reformation of silicides at the silcide/Si-blocks interface. Above 700 °C, the outward diffusion of iron and carbon became very fast and consequently decarburization happened at the coating/substrates interface, which induced the formation of pores in the substrates near the interface. In addition, grain boundary oxidation of Cr in the steel substrate was observed above 700 °C.