异步轧制对AZ31镁合金板材组织和性能的影响

对不同轧制温度、道次压下量以及轧制路径等工艺条件下所制备的AZ31镁合金板材的组织和性能进行了研究。结果表明,当温度由623K升到723K时,晶粒发生长大,孪晶消失,板材的抗拉强度由275MPa降到250MPa,伸长率则由14.5%增加到18%;当道次压下量从5%增加到20%时,晶粒逐渐得到细化,板材的抗拉强度由道次压下量为5%时的265MPa增加到20%时的300MPa,伸长率则由18%降到15%;轧制路径的改变,使不同板材中孪晶的数量产生改变,路径A中的孪晶较多,伸长率较低,强度较高,路径D中的孪晶较少,伸长率较高,强度较低。     

异步轧制对AZ31镁合金板材组织和性能的影响

对不同轧制温度、道次压下量以及轧制路径等工艺条件下所制备的AZ31镁合金板材的组织和性能进行了研究。结果表明．当温度由623K升到723K时，晶粒发生长大，孪晶消失，板材的抗拉强度由275MPa降到250MPa，伸长率则由14．5％增加到18％；当道次压下量从5％增加到20％时，晶粒逐渐得到细化，板材的抗拉强度由道次压下量为5％时的265MPa增加到20％时的300MPa，伸长率则由18％降到15％；轧制路径的改变，使不同板材中孪晶的数量产生改变，路径A中的孪晶较多，伸长率较低，强度较高，路径D中的孪晶较少，伸长率较高．强度较低。     

冷轧退火对FeMnCoCrAl高熵合金组织和力学性能的影响

使用真空电弧炉熔炼出(Fe₅₀Mn₃₀Co₁₀Cr₁₀)₉₄Al₆合金,利用冷轧及在不同温度对合金进行退火,以期望得到由多尺度再结晶晶粒构成的层状结构;并对不同退火温度的样品进行拉伸性能测试。利用扫描电镜和EBSD对合金组织形貌进行表征,采用X射线衍射方法研究其相组成。结果表明:合金在铸态和冷轧后相组成未发生变化,700 ℃退火得到较好的多尺度再结晶晶粒的层状结构,其屈服强度为487 MPa,抗拉强度为708 MPa,断后伸长率为39%,表现出良好的综合力学性能。     

7A04铝合金超厚板的淬透性

采用万能力学试验机、光学显微镜、扫描电镜等手段,研究了7A04铝合金超厚板的显微组织、性能及淬透性。结果表明:225 mm厚的7A04铝合金热轧板材经过475 ℃×340 min的固溶淬火处理后,再进行120 ℃×24 h 时效,其表面的力学性能最好,抗拉强度为584 MPa,屈服强度为500 MPa,伸长率为11%;T/4厚度层力学性能最差,抗拉强度为396 MPa,屈服强度为257 MPa,伸长率为11%,强度与表面分别相差32%、49%。淬透深度为单面32 mm。通过调控化学成分、加大轧制压下量、增加淬火冷却速率等可改善板材表心力学性能之差,并提高淬透性。     

Al-Cu-Mg-Sc合金组织与性能的各向异性

采用显微组织分析、室温拉伸性能测试、XRD分析等方法研究了不同状态Al-Cu-Mg-Sc合金板材在不同取向条件下的显微组织和力学性能。研究结果表明:终轧态及终时效态合金板材在与轧制方向呈0°方向上的强度均比30°、45°、60°和90°方向上的强度高,且伸长率也高。终时效态合金板材的各向异性指数I_PA值较终轧态的小,性能较为均匀,RD方向(0°)的R_m、R_p0.2和A分别为622.85 MPa、529.38 MPa和13.33 %,综合性能最优。两种状态下第二相析出情况的差异影响合金板材平面各向异性。Schmid因子分析表明,终轧态含有(110)[111]和(001)[310]织构组分,而终时效态含有(110)[111]、(001)[310]和(011)[100]织构组分。     

快速凝固Cu-5Ag-0.5Zr-0.4Cr-0.35Nb合金的组织与力学性能

采用快速凝固方法制备了Cu-5Ag-0.5Zr及Cu-5Ag-0.5Zr-0.4Cr-0.35Nb(wt%)合金粉末,采用热等静压将粉末压制成坯料,随后进行热锻、冷轧处理。测试了合金在室温及高温(500 ℃)下的力学性能,并分析了合金的显微组织及断口形貌。结果表明,冷轧态合金具有更优异的室温拉伸性能,冷轧态Cu-Ag-Zr合金抗拉强度为739.3 MPa,伸长率7.1%,这与铜基体中密集的Cu₄AgZr颗粒及纳米级Ag颗粒有关。除Cu₄AgZr颗粒及Ag颗粒外,Cr、Nb元素的添加还生成高温稳定的Cr₂Nb颗粒,同时提高了合金的室温和500 ℃拉伸强度。冷轧态Cu-Ag-Zr-Cr-Nb合金的室温极限抗拉强度和伸长率分别为799.1 MPa与5.3%。因为热锻态合金晶粒尺寸粗大,Ag颗粒尺寸细小,相比冷轧态合金拥有更好的抗高温弱化性能。热锻态Cu-Ag-Zr-Cr-Nb和Cu-Ag-Zr合金的500 ℃抗拉强度分别为186.8和129.2 MPa,而冷轧态Cu-Ag-Zr-Cr-Nb和Cu-Ag-Zr合金在500 ℃抗拉强度分别仅为113.1和95.4 MPa。     

Effects of rolling condition on the tensile properties of Mg-MM-Sn-Al-Zn alloy

The microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-2MM-2Sn-1Al-1Zn (ETAZ2211) sheets fabricated under different conditions have been investigated. Two hot-rolling routes following extrusion have been carried out at 300 °C or 400 °C. One method is to roll the extruded strips parallel to the extrusion direction (ED); the other is to roll the extruded strips perpendicular to the extrusion direction (TD). The strength and the elongation-to-fracture of specimens prepared by a combination of extrusion and rolling processes are increased dramatically when compared those of the simply rolled specimens. Especially, the TD alloy sheet rolled at 300 °C exhibits the best combination of strength and ductility, i.e. yield strength of 178.5 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 239.1 MPa, uniform elongation of 24.4 % and elongation-to-fracture of 37.9 %. Observation of texture reveals that the intensity of (0002) texture is lower for the TD alloy sheets than that for the ED alloy sheets, indicating that the texture intensity is reduced by change of the rolling direction.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg–3Al–Zn Magnesium Alloy Sheet by Hot Shear Spinning

Hot shear spinning experiments with Mg–3.0 Al–1.0 Zn–0.5 Mn(AZ31 B, wt%) magnesium alloy sheets were conducted at various temperatures, spindle speeds and feed ratios to investigate the effects of these processing parameters on the microstructure, crystallographic texture and mechanical properties. The AZ31 B sheet displayed good shear formability at temperatures from 473 to 673 K, spindle speeds from 300 to 600 rev/min and feed ratios from 0.1 to 0.5 mm/rev. During the dynamic recrystallization process, the grain size and texture were affected by the deformation temperature of the hot shear spinning process. Each of the spun sheets presented a strong basal texture, and the c-axis of most of the grains was parallel to the normal direction. The optimal hot shear spinning parameters were determined to be a temperature of 473 K, a spindle speed of 300 rev/min and a feed ratio of 0.1 mm/rev. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation in the rolled direction reached 221 MPa, 288 MPa and 14.1%, and those in the transverse direction reached 205 MPa, 280 MPa and 12.4%, respectively. The improved strength and decreased mechanical anisotropy resulted from the fine grain size and strong basal texture.     

电线电缆用Al-Fe-Cu-0.25La-Zr耐热合金的导电性能

采用导电率测试仪、万能拉伸试验机、光学显微镜等分别测试了Al-Fe-Cu-0.25La-Zr合金的导电率、抗拉强度、伸长率等性能指标及显微组织,研究了电线电缆Al-Fe-Cu-0.25La-Zr合金在不同退火工艺下的导电性能与力学性能。结果表明,合金在350 ℃×2 h退火时达到导电率峰值62.8%IACS,抗拉强度为101.5 MPa,伸长率为32.4%;在300 ℃退火2 h时导电率达到62.1%IACS,抗拉强度为125.0 MPa,伸长率为13.4%。合金在300 ℃×(4~10) h退火期间,合金的导电率维持相对稳定,且高于350 ℃×(4~10) h,说明合金在300 ℃时具有更好的耐热稳定性。Al-Fe-Cu-0.25La-Zr合金最优的退火工艺为300 ℃×2 h,此工艺处理后的合金线材符合对电线电缆电学性能与力学性能的标准要求,且可以降低生产成本。     

轧制路径对ZK60镁合金板材组织和性能的影响

在250 ℃对轧制-热处理态ZK60镁合金板材进行9道次不同路径的轧制试验。采用光学显微镜、电子万能试验机、SEM、XRD等研究了轧制试验后ZK60镁合金的显微组织、室温拉伸性能、断口形貌及晶粒择优取向。结果表明:轧制路径对ZK60镁合金板材的晶粒尺寸变化无明显影响,但压下量对镁合金组织内的孪晶变化有很大影响;轧制路径的变化对ZK60镁合金板材的各向异性和力学性能有较大影响,在交叉+45°的路径下轧制后ZK60镁合金板材,各向异性较弱,具有良好的综合力学性能和轧制成形能力,其屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别达到244.31 MPa、371.14 MPa和25.46%;交叉+45°路径轧制对ZK60镁合金的晶粒择优取向有明显影响,能够改善镁合金板材的晶粒择优取向和各向异性,提高ZK60镁合金的力学性能。     

Characterization of Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and Formability of Cryorolled AA5083 Alloy Sheets

In this work, microstructure, mechanical properties and formability of cryorolled and annealed AA5083 alloy sheets have been characterized and a comparison has been made with cold rolled and annealed sheets. Five-millimeter-thick sheets of this alloy were cryorolled in multiple passes to a final thickness of 1 mm (80% reduction with a true strain of 1.6). Effect of annealing time and temperature on hardness has been studied, and it has been found that a short annealing at 275 °C for 15 min after cryorolling would yield a good combination of strength and ductility. Microstructural investigations showed that the cryorolled and short annealed samples possess bimodal grain structure which is responsible for better mechanical properties than cold rolled sheets. From the experimentally determined forming limit diagrams, the limit strains of cryorolled sheets have been found to be almost equal to conventional cold rolled and annealed sheets in all modes of deformation. No major differences have been found in strain distribution also. This work clearly demonstrates that cryorolling of AA5083 alloy sheets followed by a short annealing with bimodal grain structure can be used for sheet metal forming applications with higher strength and toughness than conventional sheets without any reduction in formability.     

热处理工艺对TC4钛合金冲击磨损性能的影响

研究了退火和固溶时效处理对热轧态TC4钛合金的力学性能和组织的影响,并考察了其冲击磨损性能。结果表明:退火处理后试样组织中转变β相增加,强度、塑性和韧性均较热轧态有所提升;而固溶时效处理后试样组织的晶粒细化且尺寸更为均匀,同时具有最高的强度,而塑性和韧性则较热轧态有所降低。经过10 h的冲击磨损试验后,退火态试样的磨损率最低,而固溶时效态试样的磨损率最高。通过磨损断口观察发现退火态试样表面冲刷犁沟较短,且终点处存在合金的塑性堆积,同时磨损面组织发生塑性变形,晶粒延展拉长。退火态试样较高的塑性和韧性有助于吸收冲击能量,因此表现出较好的耐冲击磨损性能。     

退火处理对3D打印CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金组织和性能的影响

采用选区激光熔化(SLM)工艺制备了等原子比CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金,并对试验合金分别进行了650 ℃×1 h和900 ℃×1 h的退火处理。结合微观组织分析、拉伸性能分析和断裂特征分析,研究了退火工艺对SLM制备的CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:打印态试样屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别为672 MPa、751 MPa和34.3%。650 ℃×1 h退火处理后,屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率略微降低,分别为583 MPa、718 MPa和33.5%。900 ℃×1 h退火处理后屈服强度和抗拉强度分别降低至494 MPa和707 MPa,伸长率提高至46.6%。断口呈典型的韧窝特征,变形机制均为纳米孪生。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets produced by differential speed rolling

The as-extruded AZ31 alloy sheets of 10 mm in thickness were subjected to differential speed rolling (DSR) process performed on a mill, of which the rotation speed ratio of the lower roll and upper one is kept at constant 1.05 by using the different upper and lower roller diameters. The influence of the billet temperature, pass and total thickness reduction ratio on the microstructures, mechanical properties and crystal orientation of the specimens were examined by optical microscopy, tensile test and X-ray diffraction. The present process was found to be effective to refine the grain size and restrain the twinning. Grain refinement became more marked and uniform when the pass and total thickness reduction ratio increased, and the sheets processed by DSR exhibited higher elongation and lower strength than those of the conventional rolled sheets under the same testing conditions. Especially, the AZ31 sheet with elongation of 32% at room temperature was prepared. Moreover, anisotropy was diminished by further annealing at 573 K for 30 min. The DSR does not alter the basal texture but leads to the incline of the basal plane from the sheet surface plane to some extent.     

7003-T6铝合金挤压型材在线热处理工艺研究

对7003铝合金挤压型材样品在试验室进行了固溶热处理工艺试验研究,在淬火后经双级时效处理,其抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别可达405 N/mm2、351 N/mm2和13%。在此基础上,在挤压生产线上进一步试验,研究了型材在线淬火工艺、停放时间及时效热处理等工艺参数对其力学性能的影响。经在线淬火,停放15 d及单、双级时效后,型材的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别可达到407 N/mm2、353 N/mm2和15.5%及390 N/mm2、353 N/mm2和15.8%。     

终轧加工率对钼及钼镧合金板材组织及性能的影响

以粉末冶金方法生产的25min×280min×320mm纯钼及钼镧合金板坯为实验原料,研究了不同的热轧终轧加工率对钼及钼镧合金板显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,将纯钼及钼镧合金板热轧终轧加工率控制在50％以上,轧后纯钼板材的显微组织为细化的纤维流线组织,纵、横向的吃分别为795,885MPa,也分别达到27％,21％,其后续的温轧加工不开裂;而钼镧合金板材不论是显微组织,还是力学性能均好于纯钼。进一步的生产实践证明,将钼及钼镧合金板的热轧终轧加工率控制在50％以上,其强度、塑性和硬度匹配良好,弯曲性能和后序的温轧加工性能明显提高。     

AZ31变形镁合金轧制工艺初探

研究了板坯加热温度、退火温度以及冷轧道次加工率对AZ31变形镁合金轧制能力的影响.结果表明,当加热温度为350℃,轧制速度为0.4m/s时,AZ31镁合金板材的热轧道次极限加工率可以达到34.62%(无裂纹)和59.23%(无表面裂纹);将热轧态板材分别在250℃～350℃温度,退火40min后,板材显微组织中晶粒大小均匀,维持在5μm～6μm水平;板材具有良好的综合力学性能,其抗拉强度为:230Pa～240MPa,屈服强度为:135MPa～175MPa,延伸率为:12%～15%.当采用350℃×40min退火后,板材在冷轧道次加工率为5%～10%时,总加工率可以达到40%以上.     

AZ31镁合金的热挤压变形和力学性能分析

为了掌握高精度镁合金管材的生产工艺,通过对铸锭的均匀化处理,借助500 t挤压机、拉伸试验机、金相显微镜和透射电镜(TEM)对AZ31镁合金管材的等温挤压过程进行了研究,试制了AZ31镁合金挤压薄壁管材,获得了尺寸精度高、粗糙度小和壁厚差小的管材;分析了不同挤压条件下的AZ31镁合金管材的尺寸精度、组织、力学性能.研究结果表明:在挤压温度为623士20K挤出管材经523K×3h退火时其性能较好,抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别为270 MPa,175 MPa和23.1%.     

退火工艺对激光选区熔化成形Ti6Al4V合金组织及室温力学性能的影响

以Ti6Al4V球形粉末为原料,利用激光选区熔化成形方法制备了Ti6Al4V合金试样,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及力学性能测试等手段,研究了退火工艺对Ti6Al4V合金室温力学性能及组织的影响规律。结果表明: SLM成形沉积态Ti6Al4V合金室温抗拉强度超过1200 MPa,而平均断后伸长率仅为4.0%;在650 ℃下进行真空退火处理,合金的抗拉强度仍保持在1200 MPa左右,规定塑性延伸强度R_p0.2高于1150 MPa,但试样的断后伸长率<10%;而在750及800 ℃下进行真空退火处理,合金试样的抗拉强度降至1100 MPa左右,规定塑性延伸强度高于1050 MPa,伸长率达到甚至超过10%,材料的综合强韧性得到明显提升。随着真空退火加热温度和保温时间的增加,SLM成形Ti6Al4V合金原始β晶界逐渐变模糊,晶粒趋向于等轴化。与此同时,快速冷却转变的α′针状马氏体未出现明显地粗化。     

退火温度对中锰TRIP钢组织和性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、电子万能拉伸机和EBSD、XRD分析技术研究了中锰TRIP钢热轧后不同退火温度对组织和性能的影响。结果表明,经过热轧后,组织中有δ-铁素体条带、马氏体和残留奥氏体。当退火温度从600 ℃增加到900 ℃时,屈服强度由610.3 MPa下降到496.7 MPa,抗拉强度从757.3 MPa下降至630.4 MPa。热轧试验钢在700 ℃退火时伸长率最大,为44.9%。从整体上看,当热轧试验钢在700 ℃退火后综合力学性能最优,强塑积最高,为33.8 GPa·%。