EFFECT OF MOISTURE IN COAL ON ITS ORGANIC SULFUR EXTRACTABILITY

Abstract

The extent of organic sulfur removed by the perchloroethylene desulfurization process depends upon several factors including the type of coal, the amount of catalyst present in it, and the temperature of organosulfiir extraction. Moisture in coal also plays a very important role in this extraction process. In this paper, the role played by moisture and its subsequent effect on the process efficiency has been investigated. It has been found that the moisture in coal affects the extraction process in two ways. Firstly, in presence of water, the temperature of the operation is reduced. This affects the organosulfiir extraction efficiency adversely. Secondly, the naturally available catalytic ingredients in coal, essential for the organosulfiir extraction, are soluble in water. Therefore, in presence of water, the catalytic potency of these catalytic species is lost, and thus reducing the organosulfiir extractability. The data presented in this paper are also important from the point of view of process development, because it has been experimentally established that the moisture content in coal has to be sufficiently reduced in order to improve the overall process efficiency.     

STUDY ON CHEMICAL STABILITY OF ORGANIC SULFUR IN COAL AND ITS STRUCTURE*

In this paper, two high-sulfur coals were selected from Yazhou and Donglin mines of China. Inorganic sulfur was completely removed first, then the tested samples were experimented under various conditions: hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, and supercritical extraction with methanol. The change in organic sulfur was investigated. It was found that approximately 40-60% organic sulfur in coal was released at the temperature of 350°C. The removed organic sulfur was thioalcohol and thioether, while the remaining part in coal was thiophenic sulfur.     

STUDY ON CHEMICAL STABILITY OF ORGANIC SULFUR IN COAL AND ITS STRUCTURE*

ABSTRACT

In this paper, two high-sulfur coals were selected from Yazhou and Donglin mines of China. Inorganic sulfur was completely removed first, then the tested samples were experimented under various conditions: hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, and supercritical extraction with methanol. The change in organic sulfur was investigated. It was found that approximately 40-60% organic sulfur in coal was released at the temperature of 350°C. The removed organic sulfur was thioalcohol and thioether, while the remaining part in coal was thiophenic sulfur.     

EFFECT OF PYRITIC SULFUR AND MINERAL HATTER ON ORGANIC SULFUR REMOVAL FROM COAL

Abstract

The perchloroethylene coal cleaning process uses perchloroethylene as the solvent to remove both organic and inorganic forms of sulfur without any significant loss to its calorific value. The process removes these forms of sulfur in two sequential unit steps. The objective of this investigation was to determine the exact sequence of operations in the Process. Hence, organosulfur was removed before and after depyriting and demineralizing the coal. The extent of total sulfur as well as organic sulfur removal were compared in both cases. It was found that the desulfurization is more efficient when organosulfur is extracted before pyritic sulfur and not vice versa, in the sequential removal of organic and inorganic forms of sulfur. The data presented in this paper reestablishes a fact that the mineral matter content in coal is quintessential to its organosulfur extractability.     

EFFECT OF PYRITIC SULFUR AND MINERAL HATTER ON ORGANIC SULFUR REMOVAL FROM COAL

The perchloroethylene coal cleaning process uses perchloroethylene as the solvent to remove both organic and inorganic forms of sulfur without any significant loss to its calorific value. The process removes these forms of sulfur in two sequential unit steps. The objective of this investigation was to determine the exact sequence of operations in the Process. Hence, organosulfur was removed before and after depyriting and demineralizing the coal. The extent of total sulfur as well as organic sulfur removal were compared in both cases. It was found that the desulfurization is more efficient when organosulfur is extracted before pyritic sulfur and not vice versa, in the sequential removal of organic and inorganic forms of sulfur. The data presented in this paper reestablishes a fact that the mineral matter content in coal is quintessential to its organosulfur extractability.     

EFFECT OF FILTRATION TEMPERATURE ON ORGANIC SULFUR REMOVAL FROM COAL BY PERCHLOROETHYLENE COAL CLEANING PROCESS

The perchloroethylene extraction desulfurization process removes the organic sulfur in coal via a hybrid mechanism of solvent extraction and chemical reaction. The nature and extent of the reaction is controlled by the extraction time and temperature of operation. Although the extraction temperature is kept identical for all types of coals (120°C), the organosulfur extraction time still depends upon the type of coal. If the reaction mixture is left too long in the extraction environment, the intermediate labile sulfur released by the reaction forms cross-links with the organic matter in the macromolecule of coal. This is detrimental to the process efficiency. Constant temperature has to be maintained throughout the extraction, till coal is separated from the solvent. If not, the extracted labile sulfur re-enters the coal macromolecule to form inter-penetrating polymer networks with the organic matter in coal. In this paper, it has been established that the time required for separation and isothermality of the process are crucial to maintain the reaction progressing toward sulfur and organic sulfur liberation from the macromolecule. The data presented in this paper are important from the viewpoint of process development, because the process mandates the separation of coal and solvent at the operating temperature.     

EFFECT OF FILTRATION TEMPERATURE ON ORGANIC SULFUR REMOVAL FROM COAL BY PERCHLOROETHYLENE COAL CLEANING PROCESS

Abstract

The perchloroethylene extraction desulfurization process removes the organic sulfur in coal via a hybrid mechanism of solvent extraction and chemical reaction. The nature and extent of the reaction is controlled by the extraction time and temperature of operation. Although the extraction temperature is kept identical for all types of coals (120°C), the organosulfur extraction time still depends upon the type of coal. If the reaction mixture is left too long in the extraction environment, the intermediate labile sulfur released by the reaction forms cross-links with the organic matter in the macromolecule of coal. This is detrimental to the process efficiency. Constant temperature has to be maintained throughout the extraction, till coal is separated from the solvent. If not, the extracted labile sulfur re-enters the coal macromolecule to form inter-penetrating polymer networks with the organic matter in coal. In this paper, it has been established that the time required for separation and isothermality of the process are crucial to maintain the reaction progressing toward sulfur and organic sulfur liberation from the macromolecule. The data presented in this paper are important from the viewpoint of process development, because the process mandates the separation of coal and solvent at the operating temperature.     

轻烃中硫化物测定方法及其对金属腐蚀性的影响

现有测定石油产品中硫化物的方法包括GB/T 380燃灯法、微库仑法（电量法）、紫外荧光法、X射线光谱法等,其中紫外荧光法和X射线光谱法或将成为主流检测方法。传统的化学分离、分析测定硫形态的方法,正在逐步被更高效的气相色谱-硫选择性检测方法所替代。不同形态的硫化物对产品的金属腐蚀性能影响不同,其中硫化氢及元素硫对金属银和铜有强腐蚀性;硫醇及有机酸会增强单质硫的腐蚀程度;其他形态的烃基含硫化合物对金属腐蚀性能基本没有影响。     

SELECTIVE REMOVAL OF ORGANIC SULFUR FROM COAL BY TRICHLOROETHANE EXTRACTION

ABSTRACT

Desulfurization of coal involves removal of both organic and inorganic forms of sulfur. In this paper, the process feasibility of organic desulfurization of coal using 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA) as the solvent, is established. Sulfur solubility curve in tnchloroethane was obtained. The process conditions of this novel process were critically assessed. From the solubility curve it was concluded that the process should be carried out at or near the normal boiling point of the solvent. Comparisons between the TCA extraction and the perchloroeihylene (PCE) process have been presented. Since the boiling point of tricbloroethane is quite low, the process conditions are very mild in comparision to the PCE process. It was found that the TCA process is capable of removing organosulfur from coal more selectively than the PCE process. The sulfur containing organic species in the extract obtained from     

SELECTIVE REMOVAL OF ORGANIC SULFUR FROM COAL BY PERCHLOROETHYLENE EXTRACTION

Desulfurization of coal involves the removal of both the inorganic and organic forms of sulfur. Several physical methods are available for the removal of inorganic sulfur which is normally represented by pyritic and sulfatic sulfur. Removal of organic sulfur requires the use of chemical cleaning methods. This paper presents the results of an organic sulfur removal technique which employs an organic solvent. This desulfurization technique is selective enough to reject organic sulfur without significantly reducing the calorific value of the treated coal. The sulfur containing organic species in the liquid product from the desulfurization procedure have been completely characterized using GC/MS techniques. These results provide further insights into the nature of the sulfur forms in the parent coal as well as the metamorphism of sulfur species in the coal, and the selective nature of the desulfurization process.     

SELECTIVE REMOVAL OF ORGANIC SULFUR FROM COAL BY PERCHLOROETHYLENE EXTRACTION

ABSTRACT

Desulfurization of coal involves the removal of both the inorganic and organic forms of sulfur. Several physical methods are available for the removal of inorganic sulfur which is normally represented by pyritic and sulfatic sulfur. Removal of organic sulfur requires the use of chemical cleaning methods. This paper presents the results of an organic sulfur removal technique which employs an organic solvent. This desulfurization technique is selective enough to reject organic sulfur without significantly reducing the calorific value of the treated coal. The sulfur containing organic species in the liquid product from the desulfurization procedure have been completely characterized using GC/MS techniques. These results provide further insights into the nature of the sulfur forms in the parent coal as well as the metamorphism of sulfur species in the coal, and the selective nature of the desulfurization process.     

SELECTIVE REMOVAL OF ORGANIC SULFUR FROM COAL BY TRICHLOROETHANE EXTRACTION

Desulfurization of coal involves removal of both organic and inorganic forms of sulfur. In this paper, the process feasibility of organic desulfurization of coal using 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA) as the solvent, is established. Sulfur solubility curve in tnchloroethane was obtained. The process conditions of this novel process were critically assessed. From the solubility curve it was concluded that the process should be carried out at or near the normal boiling point of the solvent. Comparisons between the TCA extraction and the perchloroeihylene (PCE) process have been presented. Since the boiling point of tricbloroethane is quite low, the process conditions are very mild in comparision to the PCE process. It was found that the TCA process is capable of removing organosulfur from coal more selectively than the PCE process. The sulfur containing organic species in the extract obtained from     

渣油中硫和硫类型分布对热转化产物中硫分布的影响

考察了热转化反应条件对胜利和孤岛渣油热转化产品中硫分布的影响。在研究原料中硫、硫醚硫、噻酚硫分布和残分布的基础上，探讨了原料硫分布与热转化产品中硫分布的关系。     

柴油中的硫化物对发动机性能影响研究

使用不同硫含量的三种柴油在一辆满足欧IV排放标准的直喷柴油机上进行了发动机性能试验。试验结果表明,油品硫含量对发动机的动力性、经济性无明显影响;油品硫含量增加主要造成排放的颗粒中硫酸盐排放量显著增加。     

原料中硫含量对PS-Ⅵ连续重整催化剂性能的影响

对比了PS-Ⅵ连续重整催化剂在经历高硫环境运行前后的性能。结果表明,在高硫环境下,PS-Ⅵ催化剂的C5+产物辛烷值、C5+液体收率等仅略有下降,表明PS-Ⅵ重整催化剂具有优良的抗硫能力;在重整进料油硫含量降低后,催化剂上的硫可以缓慢恢复到正常水平,而催化剂的活性基本不变,对催化剂的使用寿命没有明显的影响。     

烷基化原料硫含量对选择加氢催化剂的影响

在实验室进行了催化剂评价试验,考察了烷基化原料中不同硫化物种类及含量对选择加氢催化剂的影响,结果表明,QSH-01催化剂在保持良好的加氢活性、选择性的同时,具有较为优良的抗硫性能。     

苯乙烯对不溶性硫磺的萃取效果研究

研究在不同时间、温度、液固比条件下苯乙烯对不溶性硫磺的萃取效率。在对普通硫磺溶解性研究实验中,相同温度下,苯乙烯对硫磺的溶解度大于甲苯和四氯乙烯。利用专业实验设计软件Design Expert安排实验,结果表明,在温度77℃、时间10min、液固比27时,提纯后的不溶性硫磺质量分数最大可达94.2%,萃取效率最大值91.1%,得到质量分数大于90%的高品位不溶性硫磺。     

塔里木原油含硫化合物的地球化学意义

塔里木盆地30余个代表性原油芳烃组分的色质和色谱－原子发射光谱分析资料表明,不同成因原油的含硫化合物含量和分布明显不同。与陆相原油相比,海相原油以高二苯并噻吩系列(>20%)、高DBT/P(>0.35)为特征,其中,塔中局限性海湾相原油以这两参数值更高而与塔北台地相原油形成区别；在二苯并噻吩系列内分布上,它们的DBT少而DMDBT丰富,反映出成油母质沉积环境性质的差别。来源于不同岩性源岩的原油中苯并噻吩系列相对于二苯并噻吩系列的含量不同,在碳酸盐岩原油中较高。