静电纺丝制备苯乙烯马来酸酐共聚物纳米纤维及其固定化β-D-半乳糖苷酶

采用静电纺丝技术制备苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物纳米纤维,最佳电纺条件为:聚合物浓度0.35g/mL、针尖到接收板距离25cm、电纺液流量250μL/h、电压21kV.该条件下获得了直径约300nm且分布均一的纳米纤维.利用该纳米纤维固定β-D-半乳糖苷酶,固定化反应的最适pH值为4.0,此时酶负载量为(15.1±0.5)mg/g.固定化酶催化2-硝基苯酚-β-D-半乳吡喃糖苷水解反应的米氏常数K_m=2.7mmol/L,略大于游离酶的K_m值(2.2mmol/L);最大反应速率V_(max)为97.2μmol/(min·mg),为游离酶的47.8%.固定化酶在37℃下重复操作21次后活性损失仅为15%.在连续搅拌式反应器中将固定化酶用于催化乳糖的水解反应,连续使用17d仍能稳定运行.     

亲水改性聚氨酯纳米纤维酶膜催化油水两相体系转糖苷反应

利用静电纺丝法制备含LiCl的聚氨酯(PU)纳米纤维,用牛血清白蛋白(BSA)对纤维亲水改性,于其上固定b-D-半乳糖苷酶,提高酶在油水两相介质中催化转糖苷反应的活力. 结果表明,以PU浓度26%(w)的电纺液制备的直径240~300 nm的PU纤维膜在LiCl辅助作用下吸附BSA高达222 mg/g,使纤维膜的水接触角由103.7o降至77.3o. 改性PU膜固定化酶比活力为1.59 U/mg,而未改性PU膜仅为其79.2%. 改性膜固定化酶55℃下的活力半衰期高达游离酶的14倍,在4℃下储存45 d活力仍保持80%,而游离酶活力仅剩余16.3%;改性膜固定化酶重复催化42次转糖苷反应活力仍能保持31%.     

以静电纺PAA/PVA纤维膜为载体活化酯法固定葡萄糖淀粉酶

以高压静电纺聚丙烯酸(PAA)/聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维膜为载体,以羟基琥珀酰亚胺和二环己基碳二亚胺为基团偶联剂和活化剂,采用活化酯法固定葡萄糖淀粉酶.结果表明,葡萄糖淀粉酶可固定于高压静电纺PAA/PVA纤维膜表面,固载后纤维直径约为435 nm,固定化酶的最大反应速率为5.77 g/(L×h),米氏常数Km=10.45 g/L;游离酶与固定化酶的最适pH值和温度基本相同,贮存12 d固定酶活力为新鲜酶的62%,游离酶活力约为新鲜酶的40%;固定化酶重复使用10次仍能保持40.5%活性.     

中空聚氨酯纳米纤维的制备与表征及其原位固定化酶的应用

利用同轴共纺技术,以含水甘油和溶解于有机溶剂中的聚氨酯(PU)溶液作为内、外相电纺液,制备中空PU纳米纤维,研究了电纺液组成及流速、同轴喷丝头尺寸对其结构、机械强度及表面亲疏水性的影响.结果表明,以含水量5%()的甘油溶液为内相电纺液、以溶解于N,N-二甲基乙酰胺的30%(ω)PU溶液为外相电纺液、内外相电纺液流速分别为0.07和0.5mL/h、电压17kV、针头到接收板距离为25cm、温度25℃、湿度10%条件下,可制备出结构均一的中空纳米纤维,纤维膜的拉伸强度为3.9MPa,最大拉伸率为332.8%,与水表面接触角为100.2o.将辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)溶解于内相电纺液中,实现了酶在中空纳米纤维腔室内的原位包埋.在上述电纺条件下,固定化HRP的活性收率为游离酶的80%,米氏常数Km几乎与游离酶相同,固定化酶在60℃下的半衰期比游离酶提高17倍.     

融合蛋白CR2-GDH固定化及不对称还原制备(S)-4-氯-3-羟基丁酸乙酯

比较介孔分子筛材料SBA-15、MCM-41、海藻酸钙、改性二氧化硅4种载体固定化融合蛋白CR2-GDH其酶固载量和酶活回收率,选择SBA-15为固定化载体。研究固定化条件对固定化融合酶量的影响以及固定化酶的稳定性,固定化酶在双相体系催化不对称还原反应。结果表明,在pH值为5.5、酶浓度为1.4mg/mL、反应1h条件下,固定化酶量为27.7mg/g。加入25mmol/L的Ca²⁺,固定化酶的酶活回收率由58.6%提高到78.1%。与游离酶相比,固定化酶的热稳定性显著提高,40℃条件下酶活回收率提高19.1%。固定化酶水相中反复使用7批次后,剩余活性仍超过30%,具有较好的操作稳定性。与游离酶相比,固定化酶更耐受烷烃类有机溶剂。在水/有机溶剂双相反应体系中,Ca²⁺/SBA-15固定化酶和游离酶催化相比,产物得率提高23.8%。     

纳米粒子固定化双酶耦合体系连续催化制备(R)-苯基乙二醇

将活化醇盐水解法制备的SiO2纳米粒子分别与羰基还原酶(CR)和甲酸脱氢酶(FDH)进行共价固定化,固定化CR与FDH耦合,连续催化转化b-羟基苯乙酮制备(R)-苯基乙二醇,考察了NADH的再生与循环利用性. 结果表明,纳米粒子固定化CR和FDH酶载量分别为3.32和5.55 mg/g,催化活性为游离酶的50%~60%,最适反应pH值分别为6.5和8.5,最适反应温度分别为40和45℃. 耦合体系进行12批次反应,产物(R)-苯基乙二醇累积量达35.6 g/L,纳米粒子生产能力达178 g/g. 纳米粒子固定化酶经简单离心收集后可重复利用.     

固定化γ-谷氨酰转肽酶催化合成γ-L-谷氨酰-L-半胱氨酸

以环氧基树脂Eupergit C250L为载体对B.subtilis NX-2 GGT进行了共价固定化.固定化酶的最适作用pH为9.0,最适作用温度为60℃.固定化酶的热稳定性和贮存稳定性均较游离酶有显著的提高,经100 d 20个批次转化后,固定化残余酶活仍能保持初始值的80%左右.以固定化酶为催化剂,在反应条件为L-谷氨酰胺(Gln)20 mmol/L、S-苄基-半胱氨酸(S-Bzl-cys)20 mmol/L、酶浓度0.0375 U/mL和pH 9.0条件下,40℃水浴反应22 h,转肽产物S-苄基-y-L-谷氨酰-L-半胱氨酸(S-Bzl-GGC)得率为4.3 mmol/L,较游离酶提高了11.96%.S-Bzl-GGC经酸解脱除保护基后可得γ-L-谷氨酰-L-半胱氨酸,产物纯度可达94.1%.     

有序介孔TiO2固载g-谷氨酰转肽酶催化合成S-bzl-g-glutamyl-L-cysteine

以有序介孔TiO2(OM-TiO2)为载体对B. subtilis NX-2 GGT进行吸附固载. 圆二色光谱分析和活性位点滴定结果表明,固定化前后酶的二级结构和活性位点数变化很小,固定化后GGT对供体的亲和力及转肽反应催化常数均有不同程度下降,但固定化酶对产物的亲和力有明显提高. 固定化后GGT的热稳定性和pH稳定性均较游离酶有显著提高,固定化酶稳定性良好,经10批次转化后,固定化催化活性仍保持74%. 以固定化GGT为催化剂,在L-谷氨酰胺(L-Gln) 5 mmol/L、S-苄基-半胱氨酸(S-bzl-cys) 15 mmol/L、酶浓度0.062 U/mL和pH 9.0条件下,40℃水浴反应5 h,产物浓度为1.2 mmol/L.     

有序介孔TiO_2固载γ-谷氨酰转肽酶催化合成S-bzl-γ-Glutamyl-L-Cysteine

以有序介孔TiO2(OM-TiO2)为载体对B.subtilis NX-2GGT进行吸附固载.圆二色光谱分析和活性位点滴定结果表明,固定化前后酶的二级结构和活性位点数变化很小,固定化后GGT对供体的亲和力及转肽反应催化常数均有不同程度下降,但固定化酶对产物的亲和力有明显提高.固定化后GGT的热稳定性和pH稳定性均较游离酶有显著提高,固定化酶稳定性良好,经10批次转化后,固定化催化活性仍保持74%.以固定化GGT为催化剂,在L-谷氨酰胺(L-Gln)5mmol/L、S-苄基-半胱氨酸(S-bzl-cys)15mmol/L、酶浓度0.062U/mL和pH9.0条件下,40℃水浴反应5h,产物浓度为1.2mmol/L.     

金黄节杆菌CYC705腈水解酶催化亚氨基二乙酸合成的研究

将金黄节杆菌CYC705(Arthrobacter aurescens CYC705) 腈水解酶用于生物催化合成亚氨基二乙酸(IDA),从生物催化剂的形式、生物催化反应过程优化和反应体系放大三个方面进行了考察。在氨基载体固定化酶、环氧基载体固定化酶、海藻酸钠固定化细胞、壳聚糖固定化细胞和游离全细胞几种生物催化剂形式中,壳聚糖固定化细胞催化效率最高、稳定性最好。通过反应体系、反应温度、金属离子、底物浓度、固定化细胞投量等因素的优化,确定了最佳的生物催化反应条件：以50 mmol/L pH=6.6的磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸缓冲液作为反应体系,底物亚氨基二乙腈(IDAN)的浓度为200 mmol/L,添加CoCl2至终浓度为1 mmol/L,反应温度37 ˚C,固定化细胞投量为0.25 g每5 mL反应体积。在此条件下,反应2h可将IDAN完全转化为IDA。进一步将反应体系放大10倍,催化200 mmol/L的IDAN完全转化为IDA仅需1h。     

Preparation of a Cu(II)-PVA/PA6 Composite Nanofibrous Membrane for Enzyme Immobilization

PVA/PA6 composite nanofibers were formed by electrospinning. Cu(II)-PVA/PA6 metal chelated nanofibers, prepared by the reaction between PVA/PA6 composite nanofibers and Cu²⁺ solution, were used as the support for catalase immobilization. The result of the experiments showed that PVA/PA6 composite nanofibers had an excellent chelation capacity for Cu²⁺ ions, and the structures of nanofibers were stable during the reaction with Cu²⁺ solution. The adsorption of Cu(II) onto PVA/PA6 composite nanofibers was studied by the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model. The maximum amount of coordinated Cu(II) (q_m) was 3.731 mmol/g (dry fiber), and the binding constant (K_l) was 0.0593 L/mmol. Kinetic parameters were analyzed for both immobilized and free catalases. The value of V_max (3774 μmol/mg·min) for the immobilized catalases was smaller than that of the free catalases (4878 μmol/mg·min), while the K_m for the immobilized catalases was larger. The immobilized catalases showed better resistance to pH and temperature than that of free form, and the storage stabilities, reusability of immobilized catalases were significantly improved. The half-lives of free and immobilized catalases were 8 days and 24 days, respectively.     

Novel magnetic nanoparticles for the hydrolysis of starch with Bacillus licheniformis α‐amylase

Novel magnetic nanoparticles with an average size of 350–400 nm with N‐methacryloyl‐(L )‐phenylalanine (MAPA) as a hydrophobic monomer were prepared by the surfactant‐free emulsion polymerization of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate, MAPA, and magnetite in an aqueous dispersion medium. MAPA was synthesized from methacryloyl chloride and L ‐phenylalanine methyl ester. The specific surface area of the nonporous magnetic nanoparticles was found to be 580 m²/g. Magnetic poly[2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate–N‐methacryloyl‐(L )‐phenylalanine] nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electron spin resonance, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Elemental analysis of MAPA for nitrogen was estimated as 4.3 × 10^?3 mmol/g of nanoparticles. Then, magnetic nano‐poly[2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate–N‐methacryloyl‐(L )‐phenylalanine] nanoparticles were used in the adsorption of Bacillus licheniformis α‐amylase in a batch system. With an optimized adsorption protocol, a very high loading of 705 mg of enzyme/g nanoparticles was obtained. The adsorption phenomena appeared to follow a typical Langmuir isotherm. The inverse of enzyme affinity for free amylase (181.82 mg/mL) was higher than that for immobilized enzyme (81.97 mg/mL). Storage stability was found to increase with adsorption. It was observed that the enzyme could be repeatedly adsorbed and desorbed without a significant loss in the adsorption amount or enzyme activity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

ZIF-8-戊二醛固定化细胞生产α-酮戊二酸

为了提高表达L-谷氨酸氧化酶（LGOX）重组大肠杆菌的催化稳定性,本研究采用了沸石咪唑框架（ZIF-8）涂层和戊二醛（GA）交联的组合固定技术。确定了ZIF-8和GA的工艺参数以及固定化细胞的催化性能,并对固定化重组大肠杆菌催化L-谷氨酸生产α-酮戊二酸（α-KG）的稳定性展开了研究。当2-甲基咪唑、醋酸锌和戊二醛的添加量分别为240mmol/L、80mmol/L和50mmol/L时,固定化细胞（E.coli@ZIF-8-GA）的比活性和活性回收率分别达到33.4U/g和95.83%。结果表明,在重复使用10个批次后,E.coli@ZIF-8-GA转化生产α-酮戊二酸的产量仍能达到70.03g/L。与游离细胞相比,固定化细胞对温度和pH的耐受性均发生显著提高。     

Preparation of Cu(II)‐chelated poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibrous membranes for catalase immobilization

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibers were formed by electrospinning. Metal chelated nanofibrous membranes were prepared by reaction between Cu(II) solution and nanofibers, and which were used as the matrix for catalases immobilization. The constants of Cu(II) adsorption and properties of immobilized catalases were studied in this work. The Cu(II) concentration was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS), the immobilized enzymes were confirmed by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the amounts of immobilized enzymes were determined by the method of Bradford on an ultraviolet spectrophotometer (UV). Adsorption of Cu(II) onto PVA nanofibers was studied by the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model. The maximum amount of coordinated Cu(II) (q_m) was 2.1 mmol g⁻¹ (dry fiber), and the binding constant (K_l) was 0.1166 L mmol⁻¹. The immobilized catalases showed better resistance to pH and temperature inactivation than that of free form, and the thermal and storage stabilities of immobilized catalases were higher than that of free catalases. Kinetic parameters were analyzed for both immobilized and free catalases. The value of V_max (8425.8 μmol mg⁻¹) for the immobilized catalases was smaller than that of the free catalases (10153.6 μmol mg⁻¹), while the K_m for the immobilized catalases were larger. It was also found that the immobilized catalases had a high affinity with substrate, which demonstrated that the potential of PVA‐Cu(II) chelated nanofibrous membranes applied to enzyme immobilization and biosensors. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

明胶膜固定化脲酶的制备及性质

以明胶为载体,戊二醛为交联剂,采用包埋-交联联用法制备了明胶膜固定化脲酶,其酶活力为6 07U/g载体,酶活力收率为66 1%。最优固定化条件是包酶量为10mg酶/g明胶,ρ(明胶)=100g/L,φ(戊二醛)=0 5%。研究了固定化酶的性质,并与游离酶作了比较,游离酶的最适pH=7 0,固定化酶的最适pH=6 5;游离酶的最适温度为60℃,固定化酶的最适温度升至70℃;固定化酶与游离酶的米氏常数Km分别为11 7mM和12 4mM;固定化酶在80℃下180min仍保留初始活力的10%,而游离酶几乎完全失活。固定化酶重复使用20次其活力仅下降15%,4℃下贮存35d后仍保持初始活力的55%。     

磁性琼脂糖复合微球固定化纤维素酶的研究

以磁性琼脂糖复合微球为载体,采用物理吸附法,制备出磁性固定化纤维素酶。确定了固定化工艺条件：ｐＨ２－２,吸附时间８ ｈ,酶用量为１５０ ｍｇ／ｇ 微球,在最佳固定化条件下,磁性固定化酶的活力为１９１－７ Ｕ／ｇ 微球,蛋白载量为１００ ｍｇ／ｇ 微球,比活为１－９ Ｕ／ｍｇ 蛋白,活性回收率为７３－１ ％ 。并对磁性固定化酶的理化性质进行了研究：磁性固定化酶的最适温度（５５ ℃） 与天然酶相同,最适ｐＨ（５－０）较天然酶提高１－０ 个单位,磁性固定化酶Ｋｍ 值（４－１×１０ －３ｇ／Ｌ）较天然酶Ｋｍ值（７－８×１０－３ ｇ／Ｌ） 小,热稳定性较天然酶有所提高,磁性固定化酶重复使用１０ 次,其相对活性保持在６０ ％ 。     

Covalent immobilization of α‐amylase onto thermally crosslinked electrospun PVA/PAA nanofibrous hybrid membranes

Poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(acrylic acid) (PVA/PAA) nanofibers with the fiber diameter of 100–150 nanometers were fabricated by electrospinning. PVA/PAA nanofibers were crosslinked by heat‐induced esterification and resulting nanofiber mats insoluble in water. α‐Amylase was covalently immobilized onto the PVA/PAA nanofiber surfaces via the activation of amine groups in the presence of 1,1′‐carbonyldiimidazole. The immobilized α‐amylase has more resistance to temperature inactivation than that of the free form and showed maximum activity at 50°C. pH‐dependent activities of the free and immobilized enzymes were also investigated, and it was found that the pH of maximum activity for the free enzyme was 6.5, while for the optimal pH of the immobilized enzyme was 6.0. Reuse studies demonstrated that the immobilized enzyme could reuse 15 times while retaining 81.7% of its activity. Free enzyme lost its activity completely within 15 days. Immobilized enzyme lost only 17.1% of its activity in 30 days. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013