鲁氏酵母脱除水溶液中Cd~(2+)的研究

研究了鲁氏酵母(Zygosaccharomyces rouxii)CICC1379作为吸附剂对水溶液中镉的脱除作用。结果表明:温度和振荡频率对Cd2+脱除率影响不大,初始pH和菌体浓度则影响很大。初始pH3-5,脱除率均随pH增大而增大。pH5-7是鲁氏酵母对低、高2组溶液的脱除Cd2+的最适pH。Cd2+脱除率随时间变化的曲线表明,酵母在10.22mg/L和53.39mg/LCd2+溶液中,在5min内完成大部分吸附并在30min内达到吸附平衡。     

Removal of Cd(II) ions by oxidized coconut coir

Biosorption potential of oxidized coconut coir (OCC) for removal of Cd(II) from aqueous medium at batch and column level was studied. Lignin and cellulose groups of coir were modified to acidic groups. Optimum biosorption was observed at pH 6. Isotherm data revealed that Langmuir gives best fit for experimental results with maximum adsorption capacity of 12.35 mg/g compared to unmodified coconut coir (5.29 mg/g). The column experiments were conducted as a function of flow rate, bed height, and influent Cd(II) concentration. Biosorption has best performance at 10 mg/L inlet concentration, 5 ml/min flow rate and 7 cm bed height.     

响应面法优化壳聚糖对混合液镉铬离子吸附条件的研究

采用响应面法分析壳聚糖对混合液Cd2+离子和Cr6+离子的吸附作用。用Box-Behnken Design实验设计考察了壳聚糖添加量、重金属初始浓度、pH范围和吸附时间四个因素对壳聚糖去除Cd2+离子和Cr6+离子的影响程度。通过响应面法优化,得到壳聚糖对Cd2+离子和Cr6+离子去除的考察因素条件优化组合参数,即壳聚糖去除Cd2+离子的壳聚糖添加量为26g/L、Cd2+离子初始浓度为319mg/L、pH为6和吸附时间为117min;壳聚糖去除Cr6+离子的壳聚糖添加量为4g/L、Cr6+离子初始浓度为61mg/L、pH为1和吸附时间为360min。在此组合条件下:壳聚糖对Cd2+离子去除率为93.62%,吸附量为12.46mg/g;壳聚糖对Cr6+离子去除率为99.27%,吸附量为10.55mg/g。红外光谱分析显示:壳聚糖中—CH3在结合Cd2+离子中发挥主要作用;—OH、—CH、—NH和—C—O对Cr6+离子结合起主要作用。      

罗耳阿太菌多糖对Cu2+和Cd2+的吸附工艺优化及表征

以罗耳阿太菌多糖(Athelia rolfsii polysaccharide,AEPS)为生物吸附剂,探究其对水中铜(Cu2+)和镉(Cd2+)重金属离子的吸附。在单因素实验的基础上,采用正交试验优化AEPS吸附Cu2+和Cd2+效果,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)和傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)对AEPS吸附重金属离子前后的表面形貌进行表征和分析,初步揭示了AEPS吸附Cu2+和Cd2+机理。结果表明,Cu2+吸附效果最优条件为:pH4.5,AEPS浓度1.5 g/L,吸附温度40 ℃,吸附时间45 min时,Cu2+吸附率为88.27%;Cd2+吸附效果最优条件为:pH6.5,多糖浓度1.5 g/L,吸附温度45 ℃,吸附时间60 min时,Cd2+吸附率为77.81%。SEM、EDS和FTIR结果表明,AEPS中的O-H、C-H、C-O和CCO官能团参与吸附反应,吸附Cu2+和Cd2+的AEPS的表面结构也发生明显变化,试验结果表明AEPS对Cu2+和Cd2+有良好的吸附作用。     

Removal of hexavalent chromium from wastewater using a new composite chitosan biosorbent

A new composite chitosan biosorbent was prepared by coating chitosan, a glucosamine biopolymer, onto ceramic alumina. The composite bioadsorbent was characterized by high-temperature pyrolysis, porosimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Batch isothermal equilibrium and continuous column adsorption experiments were conducted at 25 degrees C to evaluate the biosorbent for the removal of hexavalent chromium from synthetic as well as field samples obtained from chrome plating facilities. The effect of pH, sulfate, and chloride ion on adsorption was also investigated. The biosorbent loaded with Cr(VI) was regenerated using 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution. A comparison of the results of the present investigation with those reported in the literature showed that chitosan coated on alumina exhibits greater adsorption capacity for chromium(VI). Further, experimental equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms, and values of the parameters of the isotherms are reported. The ultimate capacity obtained from the Langmuir model is 153.85 mg/g chitosan.     

Biosorption of cadmium ions using a photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodobacter sphaeroides S and a marine photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodovulum sp. and their biosorption kinetics

We examined the biosorption characteristics of cadmium ions onto a photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodobacter sphaeroides S and a marine photosynthetic bacterium Rhodovulum sp. PS88 in a batch culture system. Both photosynthetic bacteria are capable of cadmium removal with 30 g/l sodium chloride and divalent cations (Mg2+ and Ca2+) in the culture medium. In particular, the strain PS88 shows a high removal ratio and high specific removal rate of cadmium ions from the culture medium under aerobic-dark (heterotrophic) and anaerobic-light (photoheterotrophic) conditions. The adsorption of cadmium onto strains PS88 and S is dependent on the cadmium concentration, and follows the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. In addition, biosorption isotherms for cadmium show that the strain PS88 exhibits higher values of the empirical constant for the cadmium adsorption capacity, Kr, than that of the strain S under both aerobic-dark (K(f)=17.44) and anaerobic-light (K(f)=1.270) conditions.     

Hexavalent chromium removal by Osage Orange

This study explores the sorption potential of Osage Orange (Maclura Pomifera) for the removal of Cr(VI) ion. The influence of contact time, solution pH, initial metal concentration, amount of biosorbent and ionic strength on the removal of Cr(VI) ion was studied. The biosorption of Cr(VI) with pulp and peel was investigated in a batch arrangement. The initial and equilibrium concentrations of Cr(VI) ions in aqueous phase were determined by spectrophotometry. The sorption process was pH and concentration dependent. The sorption of Cr(VI) ions increased with a decreasing pH until pH 2. The increase in initial Cr(VI) ions concentration in aqueous phase increased the sorption. The sorption data fitted well with the Langmuir sorption model within the concentration range studied. The observed maximum biosorption capacity by Langmuir sorption model at pH of 2 for M. Pomifera pulp was 0.92 mmol of Cr(VI)/g and for M. Pomifera peel was 0.55 mmol of Cr(VI)/g.     

The physicochemical characterization,equilibrium, and kinetics of heavy metal ions adsorption from aqueous solution by arrowhead plant (Sagittaria trifolia L.) stalk

The arrowhead plant stalk (APS) has been investigated as a novel biosorbent for removal of Cd(II), Pb(II), and Cr(III) ions from aqueous solution. The surface physicochemical properties favorable for metals adsorption were systematically characterized. The Langmuir isotherm fitted well with Cd(II) and Pb(II) adsorption process onto APS while Dubinin–Radushkevich model best described Cr(III) sorption. The maximal adsorption capacities of APS for Cd(II), Pb(II), and Cr(III) were up to 38.2, 97.1, and 23.5 mg·g^?1, respectively. The adsorption kinetic data of individual metal fitted the pseudo‐second order model best. The adsorption of Cd(II) was exothermic, whereas the Pb(II) and Cr(III) underwent endothermic reaction. Overall, this investigation indicated, for the first time, APS is a potentially efficient biosorbent applied in Cd(II), Pb(II), and Cr(III) adsorption. It is also helpful for further utilizing the abundant quantity of APS which were abandoned in dietary arrowhead processing.

Practical applications

The growing food industry around world generates large quantity of by‐products. The high value‐added utilization of food processing by‐products is one of the most important area in food industry. An attempt was made in present study to use the food by‐product, arrowhead plant stalk (APS), as a novel biosorbent for removing Cd(II), Pb(II), and Cr(III) ions. In present study, it was evidenced that the adsorption capacities of APS for Cd(II), Pb(II), and Cr(III) were obviously higher than those of most reported agricultural by‐products. This finding is significant for sustainable utilization of food crop arrowhead plant and elimination of environmental issues arising from the abandoned arrowhead plant stalk.     

对镉高抗性及吸附性的鲁氏酵母突变株的选育

利用紫外线诱变选育鲁氏酵母(CICC1379)镉高抗性及其生物吸附能力的菌株。采用最低抑菌浓度(MIC)法测定鲁氏酵母菌的镉抗性,用含Cd2+的平板筛选出3株明显高于亲株镉抗性的突变株,即Cd102、Cd103、Cd104,这些突变体的镉抗性分别为26、12、14 mg/L,明显高于亲株的镉抗性(6 mg/L)。遗传稳定实验证明,突变株Cd102的镉抗性具有较高的遗传稳定性。突变株Cd102的生物吸附性也有相应的提高,并且在中低浓度Cd2+脱除方面表现出更强的吸附能力,对Cd2+浓度为0.775、3.205、6.843、36.335 mg/L溶液的脱除率分别为76.47%、69.99%、64.01%和51.79%,较亲株分别提高了7.01%、12.85%、15.3%和8.65%。突变株Cd102在中低浓度镉溶液的脱除方面表现出更强的吸附能力。     

Modified barley straw as a potential biosorbent for removal of copper ions from aqueous solution

Barley straw (BS), a very low-cost material, has been utilized as a biosorbent material for the removal of copper (Cu²⁺) ions from aqueous solutions after treatment with citric acid. Barley straw was thermochemically modified with citric acid (CA–BS) for the purpose of improving the Cu²⁺ ion sorption capacity of the straw. Biosorption studies have been carried out to determine the effect of pH, adsorbent concentration, contact time, extent of modification, and adsorbate concentration on the biosorption capacity of Cu²⁺ ions by the esterified straw. The equilibrium sorption capacities of Cu²⁺ were 4.64 mg/g and 31.71 mg/g for BS and CA–BS, respectively. The optimum pH for the removal of Cu²⁺ ions by CA–BS was around pH 7.0 and the removal of Cu²⁺ ions was 88.1%. Langmuir, Freundlich, Scatchard and D–R (Dubinin–Radushkevich) isotherms have been used to characterize the observed biosorption phenomena of Cu²⁺ ions on CA–BS. The carboxyl groups on the surface of the modified barley straw were primarily responsible for the sorption of Cu²⁺ ions.     

马蹄笋粉特性及其酥性饼干制作研究

本文主要研究马蹄笋粉对胆固醇、胆酸钠和重金属离子的体外吸附能力,马蹄笋粉不同添加量对小麦粉糊化特性影响的规律,以及利用马蹄笋粉制作酥性饼干的最佳配方。结果表明:马蹄笋粉在p H2和p H7时对胆固醇的吸附量分别为17.11、1.02mg/g,对浓度为2、3mg/m L胆酸钠吸附量分别为64.70、75mg/g;马蹄笋粉对四种混合重金属离子具有一定的吸附作用,吸附能力Pb2+>Cd2+>Cu2+>Zn2+;马蹄笋粉添加量的增加对小麦粉糊化的峰值粘度、最低粘度、最终粘度、回生值和糊化时间影响较大,但对崩解值和糊化温度没有显著影响;采用单因素及正交分析、感官评价确定了利用马蹄笋粉制作酥性饼干的最佳配方为:小麦粉∶马蹄笋粉∶白砂糖∶膨松剂∶植物油=100∶15∶25∶1.5∶15,感官得分为51.4。      

壳聚糖固化菜籽多酚微球对Pb、Cd、Hg的吸附研究

通过甲醛将菜籽多酚固定在壳聚糖微球,制成壳聚糖固化菜籽多酚微球,研究其对水中Pb、Cd、Hg离子的吸附效果。该微球对Pb、Cd、Hg的最大吸附量分别为88.50、117.15、147.25 mg/g。其吸附行为符合Freundlich等温吸附方程。壳聚糖固化菜籽多酚微球对Pb、Cd、Hg的吸附动力学可以用拟二级速率方程来描述。使用4种解吸剂分别对3种离子进行解吸试验,发现硝酸对3种离子的解吸效果较好,该吸附剂可重复使用。     

植物乳杆菌X7021吸附重金属和降解亚硝酸盐能力的研究

目的 为了发掘植物乳杆菌X7021在食品发酵剂和益生菌方面的应用潜力, 本文研究了该菌株吸附重金属与降解亚硝酸盐的能力 。方法 采用分光光度法检测Cu2+和亚硝酸盐含量, 采用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法检测Cd2+和Pb2+含量。探讨pH、温度、吸附时间和离子浓度等因素对植物乳杆菌X7021吸附重金属能力的影响, 以及亚硝酸盐浓度对其生长和降解能力的影响。结果 植物乳杆菌X7021对重金属的吸附率和吸附量均受到吸附条件的影响。首先，吸附量随着金属离子浓度的增加而增加, 而吸附率呈现出先快速下降后趋于平缓的趋势。其次, 吸附率和吸附量均随吸附时间增加而增加, 且植物乳杆菌X7021对Pb2+的吸附量明显优于Cu2+、和Cd2+。第三, Cu2+、Cd2+和Pb2+的最大吸附率分别在pH=7、7和6；且温度为37 °C时, 三种重金属离子的吸附率和吸附量均达到最大。除此之外, 植物乳杆菌X7021在24 h内几乎完全降解100 mg/L NaNO2, 且可耐受浓度高达700 mg/L的亚硝酸盐。结论 植物乳杆菌X7021能够有效吸附Cu2+、Cd2+、Pd2+等重金属离子, 且对亚硝酸盐有较强的降解和耐受能力, 在发酵食品及益生菌领域具有潜在的应用前景。     

向日葵盘低酯果胶对水中重金属铜离子的吸附性能

该研究探讨了向日葵盘中的天然低酯果胶对水溶液中重金属铜离子（Cu2+）的吸附性能,检测了果胶用量、果胶溶液的pH值、吸附温度、吸附时间及共存离子的影响作用。结果表明,随着果胶的用量增加,Cu2+的去除率不断升高,但吸附量先增大后降低。而吸附量和去除率均随吸附温度的升高和时间的延长先增大后不变、随果胶溶液pH值的升高先增大后降低,并受共存离子的影响,随二价金属离子含量的增加而降低。Cu2+初始质量浓度在0~200 mg/L范围时,利用Langmuir等温方程拟合得到向日葵盘果胶对Cu2+的最大吸附量为29.94 mg/g。热力学分析表明该吸附反应是自发的、熵值增加的吸热反应。动力学分析证明该吸附过程遵循准二级动力学方程,以静电吸引作用和络合作用为主要驱动力。可见,向日葵盘低酯果胶具有较强的Cu2+吸附性能,可作为一种安全、高效、环保的生物吸附材料应用在Cu2+废水的处理中。     

Experimental measurement of proton, Cd, Pb, Sr, and Zn adsorption onto the fungal species Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Proton, Cd, Pb, Sr, and Zn adsorption onto the fungal species Saccharomyces cerevisiae were measured in bulk adsorption experiments as a function of time, pH, surface: metal ratio, and ionic strength, and we measured the electrophoretic mobility of the cells as a function of pH. We modeled the acid/base properties of the fungal cell wall by invoking a nonelectrostatic surface complexation model with four discrete surface organic acid functional group types, with average pKa values (with 1 sigma uncertainties) of 3.4 +/- 0.4, 5.0 +/- 0.2, 6.8 +/- 0.4, and 8.9 +/- 0.6. The affinity of the fungal cells for the metal ions follows the following trend: Pb > Zn > Cd > Sr. We used the metal adsorption data to determine site-specific stability constants for the important metal fungal surface complexes. Our results suggest that S. cerevisiae may represent a novel biosorbent for the removal of heavy metal cations from aqueous waste streams.     

酿酒废酵母吸附Cr6+的动力学及吸附平衡研究

对酿酒废酵母吸附Cr6+的吸附动力学及等温吸附进行研究,结果表明:当Cr6+初始浓度为30mg/L时,Cr6+在酿酒废酵母上的吸附可分为2个阶段,第1阶段为物理吸附且在5min内达到平衡;Cr6+在酿酒废酵母上的吸附过程可用准二级动力学方程描述,动力学参数k2为0.0174g/（mg·min）,qe为4.92mg/g;同时Cr6+在酿酒酵母上的生物吸附也可用Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程来描述,但以Langmuir方程较好,最大吸附量qmax为6.38mg/g,b为0.2331g/（mg·min）。      

金属离子对小球藻Chlorella vulgaris生物量和总脂肪酸含量的影响的研究(英文)

本文研究了无光照异养条件下八种金属离子对小球藻Chlorella vulgaris的生物量和总脂肪酸含量(TFAC)的影响.Cu2+,Zn2+是小球藻生长的限制性营养因子,通过添加0.08 mg/L CuSO4·5H2O可使小球藻生物量从1.24 g/L提高到3.60 g/L;添加0.2 mg/LZnSO4·7H2O,可使小球藻生物量从1.71 g/L提高到3.96 g/L.Mg2+缺失条件可得到最高总脂肪酸含量,但是生物量有所减少.Mo6+,Mn2+和Fe3+对小球藻的生物量和油脂含量无明显的影响,说明这些金属离子对小球藻的生长没有特殊的贡献.提高Fe2+的浓度有利于总脂肪酸的提高.添加50 mg/L和100 mg/L的CaCl2·2H2O可分别得到最大生物量和最高总脂肪酸含量.     

金属离子对小球藻Chlorella vulgaris生物量和总脂肪酸含量的影响的研究

本文研究了无光照异养条件下八种金属离子对小球藻Chlorella vulgaris的生物量和总脂肪酸含量（TFAC）的影响。Cu2＋,Zn2＋是小球藻生长的限制性营养因子,通过添加0．08mg／LCuS04＇5H20可使小球藻生物量从1．24g／L提高到3．60g／L;添加0．2mg／LZnS04．71t20,可使小球藻生物量从1．71g／L提高到3．96g／L。Mg2＋缺失条件可得到最高总脂肪酸含量,但是生物量有所减少。Mo6＋,Mn2＋和Fe3＋对小球藻的生物量和油脂含量无明显的影响,说明这些金属离子对小球藻的生长没有特殊的贡献。提高Fe3＋的浓度有利于总脂肪酸的提高。添加50mg／L和100mg／L的CaCl2·2H20可分别得到最大生物量和最高总脂肪酸含量。     

固定化酿酒废酵母吸附Pb2+的动力学及等温吸附研究

将酿酒废酵母包埋制成固定化小球,研究其对Pb2+的吸附动力学和吸附等温线。吸附动力学结果表明,当Pb2+初始浓度为20mg/L时,固定化酿酒酵母对Pb2+的吸附在3h即达到平衡。Pb2+在固定化酿酒废酵母上的吸附过程可用准二级动力学方程来描述(R2=0.999 4),动力学参数k2为0.002 9g/(mg.min),qe为18.12mg/g。吸附等温线结果表明,Pb2+在酿酒酵母上的生物吸附可以用Langmuir和Freundlich方程来描述,但以Langmuir方程较好(R2=0.995 7),qmax为18.69mg/g,b=0.127 2g/(mg.min)。     

Modeling of lithium interference in cadmium biosorption

Biosorption of Cd by the brown seaweed Sargassum polycystum biomass was experimentally investigated and mathematically modeled at different pH and ionic strength levels. From the potentiometric titration of the biomass, three types of functional groups were identified, and the dissociation constant and the numbers of these groups were determined. The carboxyl group (pK(H) 3.70 +/- 0.09) was found to play a major role in binding protons and Cd. The background ion, Li+, could interfere with the uptake of protons and Cd by competition forthe carboxyl sites. Whereas the binding mechanism on the carboxyl group was established as an ion exchange process, the second functional group, phosphonate (pK(H) 5.41 +/- 0.31), most likely bound metals by a complexation reaction. A biosorption model was developed based upon the binding mechanisms and was successfully used for predicting the isotherm and pH edge experiments. In addition, the speciation of the binding sites as a function of the pH was simulated using the developed model in order to visualize the distribution of Cd on the binding sites.