超声辐射合成1-甲氧基-4-(2-乙基)己氧基苯

以对甲氧基苯酚和CH2BrCH(CH2CH3)(CH2)3CH3为原料,乙醇钠和乙醇为溶剂,在Ar气保护下,用超声辐射催化合成1-甲氧基-4-(2-乙基)己氧基苯,反应5~6h,收率可达86%~88.5%。反应的适宜条件为:MOPh和CH2BrCH(CH2CH3)(CH2)3CH3物质的量比为1∶1.5,乙醇钠的浓度2.5mol/L(溶剂CH3CH2OH),超声频率40kHz。     

4-(苯乙烯基)苯酚的合成及抗肿瘤活性研究

以(4-甲氧苯基)膦酸二乙酯为原料,在甲醇钠催化下,发生Wittig-Homor反应,得到4-甲氧基二苯乙烯(3),再经BBr3脱甲基得到了4-(苯乙烯基)苯酚(4),在乙醇中重结晶得到纯品,产品结构通过1H NMR表征.并优化了反应条件:在Wittig-Homor反应中,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为溶剂;甲醇钠为...     

2,3-二甲氧基-5-甲基-1,4-苯醌的合成研究

以对甲酚(2)为原料,经溴化、甲氧基化、甲醚化、氧化四步反应合成了辅酶Q10的重要中间体2,3-二甲氧基-5-甲基-1,4-苯醌(1),(2)与溴反应得到2,6-二溴-4-甲基-苯酚(3),收率95.2%,(3)与甲醇钠在DMF做溶剂和CuBr催化的条件下反应得到2,6-二甲氧基-4-甲基-苯酚(4),收率91.6%,(4)与硫酸二甲酯反应生成3,4,5-三甲氧基甲苯(5),此步反应中采用加入相转移催化剂四丁基溴化铵不仅缩短了反应时间且提高了产率,收率87.3%,(5)与H2O2通过氧化反应,得到目标产物(1),收率61.5%,纯度99%。四步反应的总收率达到46.9%。并通过IR和1H NMR确定了目标化合物及中间体的结构。     

1-甲氧基-2-甲基萘的合成研究

以2-甲基萘为原料,在惰性的卤代烃溶剂中低温下进行溴化反应,制备1-溴-2-甲基萘;溴化产物在碘化亚铜催化下,和甲醇钠进行烷氧基化反应制得1-甲氧基-2-甲基蔡。产品纯度〉99％（GC）,总收率87．4％．产品结构经MS和^1H NMR确认。考察了反应条件对产品收率和纯度的影响。     

1,3,5-三甲氧基苯的合成

以 1 ,3,5-三溴苯为原料 ,二甲基甲酰胺 (DMF)和甲醇为溶剂 ,Cu Cl为催化剂 ,通过甲氧基化反应高收率地制备有机中间体 ,1 ,3,5-三甲氧基苯 ,收率可达 92 .3%。反应的适宜条件为 :甲醇钠 /1 ,3,5-三溴苯摩尔比为 6,DMF/甲醇的体积比为 2 .5,反应时间 6h     

2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基-1-氧吡嗪合成工艺的改进

以2,6-二氯吡嗪为原料,经过甲氧基化、硝化、氨化、氧化合成出2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基-1-氧吡嗪(LLM-105)。研究了甲氧基化条件、硝化体系、氨化条件、三氟乙酸与双氧水的体积比等因素对LLM-105总产率的影响。得到优化的合成条件是:质量分数25%的甲醇钠甲醇溶液,回流3h;用质量分数20%发烟硫酸和硝酸钾硝化体系硝化2,6-二甲氧基吡嗪,室温下反应3h;质子溶剂乙醇作为氨化溶剂,60℃下反应2h;三氟乙酸与质量分数30%双氧水的体积比3∶2,45℃下反应6h;LLM-105的总收率达到54%。     

3-氨基-7,8-二甲氧基-2(1H)-喹诺酮的合成

为了改进和优化3-氨基-2(1H)-喹诺酮环的合成工艺,从芳草醛出发,依次经过乙酰化、硝化、甲基化、还原,制备出2-氨基-3,4-二甲氧基苯甲醛(Ⅴ),Ⅴ与硝基乙酸甲酯环合得3-硝基-7,8-二甲氧基-2(1H)喹诺酮(Ⅵ),还原Ⅵ,得到3-氨基-7,8-二甲氧基-2(1H)-喹诺酮。优化后的环合条件为:以体积比7∶3的甲苯和环己烷为混合溶剂,哌啶为催化剂;Ⅵ最佳还原条件为:乙醇为溶剂,5%钯碳和甲酸铵为还原剂。在该条件下,3-氨基-7,8-二甲氧基-2(1H)-喹诺酮合成总收率从邻氨基苯甲醛(Ⅴ)计可达70%以上。     

(E)-2-[2-(6-氯嘧啶-4-基氧)苯基]-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯的合成工艺研究

本文对(E)-2-[2-(6-氯嘧啶-4-基氧)苯基]-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯的合成工艺进行了研究。以4,6-二氯嘧啶与3-(α-甲氧基)甲烯基苯并呋喃-2(3H)-酮为原料,在20℃的温度下,缓慢滴加27%甲醇钠的甲醇溶液,反应10h,得到的母液收率可达65.8%。     

3-(4-氯-2-氟-5-甲氧基苯基)-1-甲基-5-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑的合成

3 (4 氯 2 氟 5 甲氧基苯基 ) 1 甲基 5 三氟甲基 1H 吡唑是合成除草剂的中间体。它通过以下途径制得 :邻氯对氟苯甲醚在冰水浴下与甲基二氯甲基醚和四氯化钛反应得 4 氯 2 氟 5 甲氧基苯甲醛 ;后者经甲基格氏试剂作用 ,然后在酸性条件下用三氧化铬氧化 ,转变为 4 氯 2 氟 5 甲氧基苯乙酮 ;4 氯 2 氟 5 甲氧基苯乙酮在甲醇钠 /甲醇体系中 ,与三氟乙酸乙酯反应得相应的 β 二酮 ;然后用水合肼闭环 ,再用硫酸二甲酯甲基化即得产品。总收率 6 3 5 %。最后一步用硫酸二甲酯甲基化时 ,反应在酸性条件下进行可减少副产品的生成。产品结构经质谱、核磁共振氢谱、碳谱确认     

1,2-二苯乙炔的合成研究

以溴苯和苯乙炔为原料,经过Sonogashira偶联反应得到1,2-二苯乙炔,产物结构经1H NMR、13C NMR和ESI-MS确证。并对Sonogashira偶联反应条件进行研究,确定最佳条件为:物料比为n (溴苯)∶n (苯乙炔)=1.5∶1;催化剂Pd(PPh3)2Cl2用量为n(Pd(PPh3)2Cl2)∶n(苯乙炔)=0.04∶1;PPh3用量为n(PPh3)∶n(苯乙炔)=0.3∶1;Cu I用量为n(Cu I)∶n(苯乙炔)=0.1∶1;反应溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和三乙胺的混合溶剂(V∶V=2∶1);反应温度70℃;反应时间8 h;产物收率为88.7%。按照最佳反应条件,4-甲氧基溴苯与4-甲氧基苯乙炔反应得到1,2-双(4-甲氧基苯基)乙炔,收率为84.3%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。