聚保物熔体流变性能在气辅注塑工艺的影响

应用Ｈｅｌｅ－Ｓｈａｗ物理模型和改进的Ｃｒｏｓｓ流变模型及有限元算法对５种聚丙烯的气辅注塑过程进行了模拟，研究了不同聚丙烯材料在充填速度相同的条件下的压力及锁模力变化规律。结果表明，气辅注塑在气体注射后与传统注塑有较大差异，所需压力，锁模力均比传统注塑有显著降低，且聚合物的熔体流动速率减小，气体注射后产生的压力降越大，表明在生产中应尽可能选用高熔体流动速率树脂以利于气辅注塑工艺。     

仿真研究聚丙烯流变性能对气辅注塑的影响

应用计算机仿真手段研究了不同聚丙烯在充模速度相同条件下的压力及锁模力变化规律。结果表明，气辅注癃民传统注塑相比，所需压力，锁模力均有显著降低，且聚合物熔体流动速率越小，气体注射后产生的压力降赵大，表明在生产中应尽可能选用高ＭＦＲ树脂以利于气辅注塑工艺。     

气辅技术在微孔塑料连续挤出中的应用研究

微孔塑料连续挤出成型需要有更大的压力降速率,文章通过对毛细管口模的传统挤出和气辅挤出两种挤出进行模拟,对两种挤出中的压力场和剪切速率进行分析比较,研究气辅技术在微孔塑料连续挤出中对压力降速率的影响,从气泡成核和气泡核长大方面分析气辅技术在微孔塑料连续挤出中的应用价值。研究发现,口模内熔体的压力降取决于无滑移段长度,无滑移段和气辅段均对压力降速率无影响;气辅段熔体没有气泡核生成,气辅段气泡核只进行长大,气体的快速流动可以加快熔体的冷却,有利于控制气泡的长大,而且气辅技术可以减小挤出胀大,气辅技术在微孔塑料连续挤出中有一定的应用价值。     

注塑试样制备过程中注射速率的设定方法

注射速率表示塑料熔体在模腔内流动的快慢程度,对注塑试样的性能有很大影响。提出在注塑试样制备的注射阶段,熔体在模腔内应为流动状态,并应采用体积转换的方式确定模塑体积。在确定了正确的模塑体积基础上,通过控制螺杆的注射速度调整熔体的注射时间,当该注射时间达到根据标准公式计算的结果时,熔体在模腔内的注射速率则符合标准的要求。该方法的注射速率和注射压力为函数关系,注射压力在试样制备中不再是主要的影响因素,亦不能单独调整注射压力改变注塑试样的某项测试性能。该方法将注射过程与聚合物熔体的“流动”行为相关联,确保了注塑试样制备中的科学性和规范性,进而提高了重复性和再现性水平。     

PP注射成型中的压力及熔体流动过程

讨论了聚丙烯在注射成型中充模、增密、保压、冷却各个阶段的压力变化情况和熔体流动过程，以及二者对制品成功质量的影响。认为在聚丙烯注射成型过程中，要保证制品成型质量，不应以升温的办法来降低熔体的粘度，而应以提高注塑压力和剪切速率为主。     

U型件的气体辅助挤出成型工艺的数值模拟与实验研究

应用Polyflow软件将气辅挤出成型引入U型件挤出成型过程中,建立了口模?气体?熔体的三相模型,在传热情况下,对口模温度、气体温度对口模内熔体的流动速度、温度及剪切速率等进行数值计算,用origin软件进行分析,通过传统挤出和气体辅助挤出成型对U型件进行挤出成型实验,选用聚丙烯（PP）材料挤出,均能顺利挤出,在达到挤出平衡后,气辅挤出时比传统挤出时更能使试样离膜下垂现象明显减弱。PP/10 %玻璃纤维在传统挤出成型时,有明显的挤出胀大现象,纤维在U型截面的侧壁与底面分布不均匀,在U型件拐角处分层分离现象严重;气辅挤出成型时,可以很好改善挤出胀大和纤维在侧壁与底面分布不均匀的现象,同时在U型件拐角处纤维分层分离的现象也能得到部分缓解。PP/20 %玻璃纤维在气辅挤出成型下挤出的U型件时,U型件壁厚变薄严重,试样中纤维分布比较均匀,拐角处无明显的纤维分层分离现象,但是试样表面有明显的纤维组织,且U型件的开口变形严重。结果表明,气辅挤出成型可以部分的减弱试样挤出后的下垂现象,也可以改善口模内熔体的温度场;传统挤出成型时候,口模内的U型件内外壁温度随着口模的变化而变化,气辅挤出成型时熔体高温区域集中在U型槽截面的中心线位置附近;气辅挤出成型与传统挤出时的剪切速率场分布发生了较大变化,气辅挤出成型时的剪切速率最大值比传统挤出时小很多。     

气体辅助注射成型及其影响因素

介绍了气体辅助注射成型原理和工艺过程，及其较为突出的优点。由于其工艺过程相对复杂，本文叙述了注塑过程中熔体注射温度、气体注射压力、气体注副延迟时间、熔体预注射量、制品中气道对气辅注射成型的影响。     

高流动性共聚聚丙烯的开发与应用现状

介绍了高流动性共聚聚丙烯在注塑制品中的应用优势以及国内外高流动性共聚聚丙烯开发生产及应用现状。高流动性共聚聚丙烯在流动性提高的同时，产品刚性和韧性达到了很好的平衡，综合性能优异，在注塑过程中可缩短加工周期，降低加工温度、注塑压力和能耗。成型相同的薄壁制品时，熔体流动速率为65g／10min的该类产品比传统熔体流动速率为35g／10min的产品注射温度可以降低20～50℃，成型周期减少27％，由于其优良的加工性，可满足大型薄壁注塑制品的生产及应用需要。     

浅谈气辅成型过程中工艺参数对制品性能的影响

本文结合国内外对气辅成型工艺的研究。比较了气辅成型和传统的注射成型成型制件的优缺点。通过讨论在气辅成型过程中,熔体预注射量、气体延迟时间和气体压力等工艺参数对制品性能的影响,揭示了影响制品性能的内在因素取向机理在气辅成型和传统的注射成型成型的不同及气辅成型技术研究发展的趋势。     

气辅共注射成型工艺的实验研究

通过对现有注塑、气辅设备的改造,时气辅共注射成型工艺进行了实验研究。考察了材料流变性能、注射量和气体注射延迟时间对材料层厚分布及气体在熔体中穿透的影响规律。实验表明,芯皮层材料层厚分布主要受芯皮层熔体粘度比和芯皮层注射量的影响;气体在熔体中的穿透主要受熔体的总注射量和注气延迟时间的影响。     

微孔发泡注射成型与传统注射成型的对比分析

通过微孔发泡注射成型和传统注射成型定量对比分析,系统分析了两种成型在翘曲变形、体积收缩、残余应力、温度场分布等方面的本质区别,并基于流变学理论,揭示了微孔发泡注射成型的成型机理。结果表明,微孔发泡注射成型的翘曲变形、残余应力、成型压力和成型时间明显小于传统注射成型的,且微孔发泡注射成型的翘曲变形和残余应力随着开始发泡的熔体预填充体积分数减小而减小,微孔发泡注射成型的熔体温度在浇口附近低于传统注射成型熔体温度,而在远离浇口处则要高。     

Simulation of injection–compression‐molding process. II. Influence of process characteristics on part shrinkage

A numerical algorithm is developed to simulate the injection–compression molding (ICM) process. A Hele–Shaw fluid‐flow model combined with a modified control‐volume/finite‐element method is implemented to predict the melt‐front advancement and the distributions of pressure, temperature, and flow velocity dynamically during the injection melt filling, compression melt filling, and postfilling stages of the entire process. Part volumetric shrinkage was then investigated by tracing the thermal–mechanical history of the polymer melt via a path display in the pressure–volume–temperature (PVT) diagram during the entire process. Influence of the process parameters including compression speed, switch time from injection to compression, compression stroke, and part thickness on part shrinkage were understood through simulations of a disk part. The simulated results were also compared with those required by conventional injection molding (CIM). It was found that ICM not only shows a significant effect on reducing part shrinkage but also provides much more uniform shrinkage within the whole part as compared with CIM. Although using a higher switch time, lower compression speed, and higher compression stroke may result in a lower molding pressure, however, they do not show an apparent effect on part shrinkage once the compression pressure is the same in the compression‐holding stage. However, using a lower switch time, higher compression speed, and lower compression stroke under the same compression pressure in the postfilling stage will result in an improvement in shrinkage reduction due to the melt‐temperature effect introduced in the end of the filling stage. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 75: 1640–1654, 2000     

Automated Design for the Runner System of Injection Molds Based On Packing Simulation

Multiple injection cavities are automatically balanced by adjusting runner and gate sizes based on an iterative redesign methodology integrated with computer-aided engineering (CAE) packing simulation. For runner balancing, each cavity must be filled simultaneously at uniform pressure. In addition, the time-pressure history of the polymer melt over the entire molding cycle should be considered. Based on the proposed methodology, a multicavity mold with identical cavities is balanced to minimize entrance pressure differences among various cavities at discrete time steps of the molding cycle. The results have shown more than a 95% reduction of the entrance pressure differences over other related studies, and also have demonstrated increased searching performance over other optimization techniques. A family mold with different cavity volumes and geometries is also balanced to minimize pressure differences at the end of the melt flow path in each cavity on a basis of discrete time steps of the molding cycle. The methodology has shown uniform pressure distributions among the cavities during the entire molding cycle.     

In situ flow state characterization of molten resin at the inner mold in injection molding

Online viscosity information on processing lines can reflect the material flow resistance and offer valuable guidance for manufacturing across various industries. Considering the accuracy, devices, and processes involved in injection molding, characterizing the melt's flow state during material processing poses a significant challenge. To reduce investment in viscometers, avoid influencing the components' surface aesthetics due to the installation of sensors, and make the flow state detect online in mold, this study designs a rheometric mold with cylindrical runners for identifying the in situ viscosity of molten resin during injection molding. The detection conditions of injection speed and cavity pressure variations, the entrance effect, and the viscous dissipation for Polycarbonate are analyzed under various conditions. The in situ viscosity is identified and compared with the standard cross-WLF model. The result shows that the melt velocity and cavity pressure variations during the filling process create a stable environment for in situ rheological characterization and the detected viscosity is related to the shear rate, melt temperature, and channel dimension in injection molding. The designed mold with cylindrical runners for determining the in situ thermal-rheological behavior of polymer is distinguished successfully and exhibits prospects for the development of low-cost, nondestructive, and inner-mold measurement in manufacturing applications.     

微注射成型工艺的实验研究

设计了微注射模具的变温系统,加工了通道宽度分别为500μm和100μm的哑铃形微型腔。在此基础上,基于Taguchi实验设计方法进行了成型工艺实验。结合微尺度下熔体充模流动理论及微尺度效应,研究了工艺参数及其交互作用对微结构塑件成型质量的影响规律。实验结果表明,随着微结构塑件特征尺寸的减小,注射压力和模具温度对填充率的影响明显增强;熔体温度对填充率的影响程度有所增加;注射行程对填充率的影响程度有所降低;保压压力和保压时间对填充率的影响相对不明显。     

中心浇口圆盘模腔正弦脉动充模分析

聚合物动态注射成型通过螺杆的轴向振动实现熔体脉动充模。利用Tanner本构模型建立了中心浇口圆盘模腔正弦脉动充模过程的数学模型,分析了振动参数对注射压力及熔体输送功率的影响。当充模过程的平均注射速率不变时,在一定频率与振幅范围内,模腔入口处的压力随振动源振幅(频率)的增大而增大,但其平均值降低;充模过程中输送熔体所需要的功率降低。     

Investigation of melt manipulation phenomena during injection molding via in situ birefringence observation

This study investigates the effects of melt manipulation on the development of molecular orientation during injection molding processing. Vibration‐assisted injection molding (VAIM), a particular method of melt manipulation, is a variation of conventional injection molding in which oscillatory energy is imparted to the polymer melt by vibrating the injection screw axially during the injection and packing stages of the molding cycle. Previous studies have shown that this process positively affects the tensile strength of polystyrene parts, but that the magnitude of the increase is dependent upon the processing parameters. Observation of birefringence patterns in VAIM processed samples show a significant impact on molecular orientation. A specially designed mold and associated image capture system has been developed and is used in this study to record the birefringence patterns of the polymer melt within the cavity during processing. Observation of birefringence shows that orientation develops primarily during post‐vibration packing of the part and not during the vibration phase as previously thought. The observed effects of process parameters such as melt temperature, packing pressure, and vibration duration are discussed. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 46:1691–1697, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers     

细胞皿微型塑件注射成型工艺

微尺度聚合物熔体充模流动过程较复杂,涉及影响因素较多,针对微尺度聚合物熔体的充模流动特点,以细胞皿塑件为研究对象,采用变模温、抽真空排气及微细电火花加工技术,设计制造了微注塑模具。基于Taguchi实验设计方法,以高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)和聚甲醛(POM)两种材料研究了工艺参数及其交互作用对微塑件成型质量的影响规律。实验结果表明,对于HDPE材料,模具温度对填充率的影响最大,保压压力次之,熔体温度和保压时间影响相对较小;对于POM材料,熔体温度对填充率的影响最大,保压压力次之,模具温度和保压时间影响相对较小。     

动态成型注塑螺杆熔体输送能力的研究

根据动态注射成型时螺杆的工作特点，采用自行修正的Tanner本构方程研究了聚合物熔体在螺槽中的等温流动。同时，近似地给出了振动力场下注塑螺杆熔体输送能力的表达式，理论分析了振动参数对沿程压力降及动态成型熔体输送能力的影响。结果表明，振动力场使塑化过程中聚合物的粘度降低，流动阻力减小。沿螺槽方向的平均压力降减小，在保持成型条件不变的情况下，施加振动可以提高熔体输送能力。