谷蛋白溶涨指数与面制食品质量控制

选用27个中国小麦样品，研究了谷蛋白溶涨指数对于评价中国白盐面条品质评价的适用性。谷蛋白溶涨指数与面带长度呈极显著负相关，与面带厚度呈极显著正相关。谷蛋白溶涨指数各时间(0min，5min，20min)与面条最佳煮面时间、鲜面条最大拉伸阻力、拉伸能量、拉伸长度均呈极显著正相关(除SIGO与最佳煮面时间呈显著正相关)；谷蛋白溶涨指数与可溶性谷蛋白、不溶性谷蛋白含量、面筋指数及蛋白质含量呈极显著正相关；谷蛋白溶涨指数与煮后面条表面韧性呈显著或极显著负相关，与剪切韧性呈显著正相关。谷蛋白溶涨指数可以作为一种品质指标控制面制食品的质量。     

优质强筋小麦粉乳酸保持能力的影响因素分析

以14个优质强筋小麦品种(品系)为材料,系统研究了小麦粉的蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、GMP含量、SDS沉淀值、流变学特性、谷蛋白溶涨指数及其与微量乳酸SRC值间的关系。通过微量乳酸SRC值与蛋白质品质评价指标的相关分析得出,微量小麦粉乳酸SRC值与SDS沉淀值、拉伸能量和SIG20呈极显著正相关;与蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、GMP含量、稳定时间、SIG0和SIG5呈显著正相关;与弱化度呈极显著负相关。通过二次旋转回归正交组合设计分析了微量SRC法中离心力、溶剂量、溶涨温度和溶涨时间等因素对乳酸SRC值的影响,得到了乳酸SRC值的模型。     

小麦谷蛋白溶涨指数与蛋白质组分关系的研究

谷蛋白溶涨指数是一种蛋白质品质测定方法，是一定量面粉在SDS乳酸溶液中溶涨、离心后的面粉重量与面粉原始重量的比值。为了研究小麦谷蛋白溶涨指数与蛋白质组分的关系，采用两种蛋白质组分分离方法提取测定了21个小麦品种(品系)的蛋白组分含量，并采用C．Wang的方法测定了不同溶涨时间(0min、5min、20min)的谷蛋白溶涨指数。简单相关分析结果表明：溶涨时间为5min、20min时的谷蛋白溶涨指数与球蛋白含量呈显著负相关，与总蛋白、醇溶蛋白、可溶性谷蛋白、不溶性谷蛋白含量呈极显著正相关；各蛋白质组分含量对SIG的通径分析结果为：谷蛋白含量对SIG值的影响最大，其中不溶性谷蛋白含量起主导作用。因此，谷蛋白溶涨指数法能间接预测不溶性谷蛋白的含量。     

面筋聚集仪在蛋糕用小麦粉中的应用研究

研究面筋聚集仪区分蛋糕用小麦粉烘焙品质的可行性和最佳参数设置,分析面筋聚集特性与蛋糕品质指标间的关系,确定面筋聚集仪能够区分蛋糕用小麦粉的品质,其最佳参数设置为:面粉样重9 g,蒸馏水重9 g,转速2750 r/min,温度36℃,或面粉样重9 g,蒸馏水重10g,转速2700 r/min,温度35℃;峰值时间与蛋糕的胶黏性、咀嚼性呈显著负相关,与蛋糕口感呈显著正相关;峰值扭矩与蛋糕总评分呈显著负相关。     

文献导读

小麦谷蛋白溶涨指数与蛋白质组分关系的研究谷蛋白溶涨指数是一定量面粉在SDS乳酸溶液中溶涨、离心后的面粉重量与面粉原始重量的比值。为了研究小麦谷蛋白溶涨指数与蛋白质组分的关系,采用两种蛋白质组分分离方法提取测定了21个品种的小麦的蛋白组分含量,并采用C!W ang的方法测定了不同溶涨时间的谷蛋白溶涨指数。简单相关分析结果表明:溶涨时间为5m in、20m in时谷蛋白溶涨指数与球蛋白含量呈极显著正相关;各蛋白质组分含量对SIG的通径分析结果表明:谷蛋白对SIG值的影响最大,其中不溶性谷蛋白含量起主导作用。因此,谷蛋白溶涨指数法…     

小麦胚乳中蛋白质、淀粉组分分布及各性状关系的研究

以小麦品种为9023的各系统面粉样品为试验材料,测定各样品蛋白质及组分含量、湿面筋含量、面筋指数、淀粉及其组分含量,研究小麦胚乳中蛋白质与淀粉及组分分布情况,并对蛋白质和淀粉及各性状间的关系进行初步研究.结果表明:小麦胚乳由内向外,蛋白质含量及球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量呈现递增的分布趋势,而淀粉和直链淀粉含量则逐渐减小;球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量两两呈现显著或极显著正相关,且与粗蛋白含量显著正相关;湿面筋含量与蛋白质含量、醇溶蛋白和麦谷蛋白含量均呈现极显著正相关关系;直链淀粉含量与总淀粉含量显著正相关,与支链淀粉含量负相关;直链淀粉含量与粗蛋白含量、球蛋白和醇溶蛋白含量均呈显著负相关,支链淀粉含量与谷蛋白含量、湿面筋含量显著正相关.     

淀粉的消化性能与RVA曲线特征值的相关性研究

采用RVA 测定了禾谷类淀粉、块根类淀粉及豆类淀粉的黏滞性谱,并探讨淀粉的消化性能与RVA 谱特征值的相关性。结果表明,不同品种淀粉总体崩解值与易消化淀粉(RDS)呈极显著正相关(r=0.741,p ＜ 0.01),与慢消化淀粉(SDS)呈极显著负相关(r= － 0.833,p ＜ 0.01)。对于禾谷类淀粉,淀粉热糊的崩解值与RDS 呈极显著正相关(r=0.970,p ＜ 0.01),与SDS、抗性淀粉(RS)均呈显著负相关(r= － 0.906,p ＜ 0.05;r= － 0.978,p ＜ 0.01);对于块根类淀粉,崩解值与SDS 呈显著负相关(r= － 0.987,p ＜ 0.05),与RS 呈显著正相关(r=0.989,p ＜ 0.05);对于豆类淀粉,崩解值与SDS 呈负相关(r= － 1.000,p ＜ 0.05),糊化温度与RDS 呈正相关(r=0.998,p ＜ 0.05)。     

不同仪器品质指标与面包烘焙品质关系研究

利用面筋仪、粉质仪、吹泡仪及揉面仪测定了30个不同筋力小麦品种的面团流变学特性,并分析了各仪器品质指标间及其与面包烘焙品质的相关性.结果表明,大多数品质指标之间存在显著的相关性,并与面包烘焙品质存在极显著的相关性.进一步的因子分析和逐步回归分析表明,揉面仪的和面时间、面筋仪的湿面筋指数、粉质仪的弱化度、吹泡仪的韧性等是单一仪器反映面包烘焙品质的重要指标;而和面时间、峰积分(或8分钟积分)、湿面筋含量、弱化度、曲线形状等则可作为多种仪器反映面包烘焙品质的综合评判指标.各种仪器通过检测面团流变学特性反映面包烘焙品质的适合程度依次为揉面仪、面筋仪、粉质仪、吹泡仪.     

小麦粉理化品质指标与食品加工品质的关系研究

利用统计分析软件SPSS 10.0多元逐步线性回归的方法,研究了小麦粉理化指标,包括灰分、蛋白质含量、面筋含量和质量、粉质、拉伸、吹泡和RVA黏度指标与主要面制食品,馒头、面条和面包加工品质的关系.结果表明:吹泡L值、粉质稳定时间、吸水率和面筋指数与面包品质呈极显著正相关;拉伸能量和降落数值与馒头评分正相关,吹泡P/L,小麦粉b*值则呈负相关;吹泡P/L和回生值与面条品质负相关,最终黏度、拉伸能量、湿面筋含量、面片24 h L*等与面条品质呈正相关.在研究面制品原料用小麦粉质量评价时,既可以使用粉质和拉伸仪指标,也应对吹泡和黏度指标给予足够的重视,尤其是RVA黏度指标在评价面条用小麦粉中的应用,更应该在以后的项目中进行深入细致的研究.     

小麦胚乳中蛋白质、淀粉组分分布及各性状关系的研究

以小麦品种为9023的各系统面粉样品为试验材料，测定各样品蛋白质及组分含量、湿面筋含量、面筋指数、淀粉及其组分含量．研究小麦胚乳中蛋白质与淀粉及组分分布情况，并对蛋白质和淀粉及各性状间的关系进行初步研究。结果表明：小麦胚乳由内向外．蛋白质含量及球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量呈现递增的分布趋势．而淀粉和直链淀粉含量则逐渐减小：球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量两两呈现显著或极显著正相关．且与粗蛋白含量显著正相关；湿面筋含量与蛋白质含量、醇溶蛋白和麦谷蛋白含量均呈现极显著正相关关系：直链淀粉含量与总淀粉含量显著正相关，与支链淀粉含量负相关：直链淀粉含量与粗蛋白含量、球蛋白和醇溶蛋白含量均呈显著负相关，支链淀粉含量与谷蛋白含量、湿面筋含量显著正相关。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the