微孔径向喷射技术在Q2-3-313井应用

微孔径向喷射技术是采用专用工具在油层部位套管上钻孔,然后下人定向工具和喷射工具,采用高压水力射流,在储层中的不同方位喷射出多个微孔径向水平井眼.本文介绍了微孔径向喷射技术专用工具,以及在齐2-3-313井的现场试验情况.该技术具有周期短、成本低优势,是微孔径向水平井经济有效的喷射钻井手段,在老油气区调整开发井网、低渗油气藏及煤层气增产等方面具有广阔的应用前景.     

浅谈煤层气水平井水力喷射分段压裂工具的优化与应用

在介绍水力喷射压裂技术工艺的基础上,针对煤层气水平井的完井特点,对水力喷射分段压裂的工具管柱进行了优化。以煤层气井SN007-1水平井压裂施工为例,进行了优化后水力喷射分段压裂工具的现场应用。施工结果表明:优化后的水力喷射分段压裂工具满足煤层气水平井压裂施工工艺的要求。     

水平井水力喷射分层压裂技术及应用

目前国内外低渗油气田发现水平井投产后不经过措施改造很难达到设计产能要求,投资回报率低,而分层压裂技术正是水平井改造的关键核心技术。本文论述了水力喷射射孔压裂的基本原理,对水平井压裂液进行了优选,结合国内外先进的水平井施工技术,对水力喷射分层压裂技术进行了分析总结。水平井水力喷射分层压裂技术经过现场试验及应用,性能可靠满足压裂要求是一种先进的水平井改造技术。     

刍议连续油管水力喷射压裂技术

连续油管水力喷射压裂可以有效的结合隔离技术、压裂技术和射孔技术,被广泛的应用在低渗透水平井和藏直井的改造增产中,可以有效解决井底地层亚压裂问题,在我国的油田生产中连续油管水力喷射压力技术发挥着重要的作用。本文分析了连续油管水力喷射压裂技术机理,阐述了连续油管水力喷射压裂工具。     

水力喷射钻孔与蒸汽吞吐措施联作工艺技术研究

辽河油田蒸汽吞吐措施工艺是稠油生产中重要开采方式之一。利用水力喷射钻孔技术改善稠油蒸汽吞吐井产层的受热效果,提高蒸汽吞吐死油区的动用程度,实现增油。本文介绍了水力喷射钻孔技术的工艺原理,针对高3624区块的储层特性进行了钻孔参数设计,同时分析了以水力喷射钻孔技术为基础在稠油井实施蒸汽吞吐联作的技术可行性,最终完成了国内首次砂砾岩油藏实施水力喷射钻孔与蒸汽吞吐措施工艺联作的现场试验,并获得成功,增产幅度高达200%,具有良好前景。     

水力喷射分段酸压技术在印尼S油田的应用

由于海上油田水平井酸压井次较少,对水平井分段酸压管柱及技术没有较深的认识,而水力喷射分段酸压技术是利用水力喷射工具进行分段隔离、喷射酸压的新型改造方法,为S油田U碳酸盐岩储层大斜度井、水平井储层改造提供了很好的解决方案。该技术在S油田的A5H井得到成功应用,增产效果良好。     

水力喷射打孔改造技术在油田中的应用

水力喷射射孔技术是一种新的油层改造技术,该技术利用高压射流的水力破岩作用,在油层中定向钻出直径30mm-50mm、长度可达50m-100m的定向孔眼,通过增大油层内的泄流面积来提高油井产量。本文以DQ3-P2288井为例对水力喷射水平打孔改造技术的工艺原理、孔眼轨迹设计原则及轨迹确定进行了探讨。试验结果表明该技术可有效提高油井产量,为高含水期油田进一步改造增产提供一定的指导意义。     

试析水力喷射压裂技术在筛管完井水平井中的运用

随着高升油田中的水平井数不断增多。但是又因为储层物性比较差以及油层污染等诸多问题,所以水平井的产量比较低,于此同时,高升油田中的水平井均采用筛管完井的方式,要实行压裂措施的施工难度比较大、风险系数高,所产生的效率差,油层中有无法进行有效的改造。所以。通过对水平井中的水力喷射压裂等技术的研究,根据数模、物模和具体的室内实验以及生产过程中进行优化施工中的参数和工艺。     

二开水平井高效开发模式现场应用与研究

随着我国油气田开发技术的不断发展,水平井高效开发模式不断涌现。本文通过对桥塞分段压裂技术、水力喷射分段压裂技术和无限级滑套分段压裂技术的介绍和比较,重点阐述了水力喷射分段压裂技术和无限级滑套分段压裂技术的施工工艺和工具特点,并对现场应用做了相应的阐述。通过本文的内容,为二开水平井高效开发模式提供了一定的理论基础和现场应用经验。     

水力喷射压裂工艺技术研究及应用

油田应用的针水力喷射压裂技术(HJF),是集水力射孔、压裂、隔离一体化的新型增产改造技术,它是借助一种特殊的喷射/压裂工具、在水平井段分段压裂,不受完井方式限制,具有独特优点,可以解决很多常规压裂不能解决的压裂工艺。该技术在油田水平井压裂工艺中安全高效。     

乙苯,苯乙烯的生产及合成乙苯,苯乙烯催化剂的研究进展

苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况，合成乙苯，苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类，并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。     

Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile

Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, ¹³C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

生物质气化及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用

总结了生物质原料的特点及生物质单独气化的缺点;介绍了国内外生物质气化技术及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用现状;分析了在此领域国内外的发展趋势与前景;概括了开展生物质与煤共气化技术研发的意义。     

Electronic structures and reactivities of monometallic and bimetallic clusters of Au and Cu

The variation of the Au 4f binding energy of Au clusters with the cluster size has been established by measuring the binding energies of clusters whose size distributions were independently determined by HREM and STM. The binding energy increases significantly when the cluster size is less than 2 nm. Au-Cu bimetallic clusters of the composition Cu₃Au have been deposited for the first time on carbon substrates. The shifts in the core level binding energies of the bimetallic clusters show the effect of alloying in the case of large clusters, but show effects of both alloying and cluster size in the case of the small clusters. The interaction of CO with Cu₃Au clusters is stronger than with a bulk Cu metal. The interaction of CO with small Cu clusters also seems to be stronger than with bulk Cu or with large Cu clusters.     

钾盐资源及钾肥供需情况分析及预测

阐述了国内外钾盐资源及钾肥生产现状,对国内外钾盐的供需形势进行了分析及预测,从资源、原材料、国际市场三方面提出了解决我国钾盐短缺的措施。     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Mono- and Polyacetals

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed.     

Comparison of the Adhesion and Cohesion of Triblock and Random Copolymers of Styrene and Butadiene

A substantially greater detachment energy is required to strip a polyethylene tereph-thalate (Mylar) film from a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer compared to that for peeling from a random styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymer. This is true even though the intrinsic interaction between the Mylar and each elastomer is expected to be similar because of their virtually identical chemical composition. It is proposed that this difference in peel strength (between the SBS and SBR) is a consequence of the much higher dissipative capacity of the former elastomer. Another manifestation of this is the higher cohesive tear strength of the SBS compared to the SBR. Extents of energy dissipation within each elastomer during detachment of the Mylar adherend are consistent with the hypothesis that the average maximum stress experience before detachment is some similar fraction of each elastomer's tensile strength.     

责任和责任心的涵义与结构

责任是人应主动承担的角色义务和对其因过失所造成后果应承担的责罚.有两层涵义:一是义务;二是后果.责任心是个体自觉做好分内事务和履行道德义务的心理倾向,是个性心理品质成分中自我特征维度上的重要内容.责任心具有两个方面的涵义:一是角色分内职责;二是角色道德义务.责任心是一种通过责任认知、责任个性和责任适应的动态形式表现出来的静态品质,责任心是责任心过程结构与责任心关系结构相互制约、相互影响的统一体.     

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵和丙烯酰胺的合成及应用

用复合引发体系(过硫酸盐-偶氮类引发剂)和脂肪胺类氧化还原体系引发,在实验室获得了单体转化率≥98%,特性粘数高于13.6 dL/g的阳离子共聚物PDA,探讨了控制聚合物分子量的影响因素.     

Wetting properties of homopolymers and copolymers of pentafluorostyrene and methylacrylate and homopolymer blends

Polypentafluorostyrene (PPFS), polymethylacrylate (PMA), and poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-methylacrylate), poly(PFS-co-MA) were prepared and the wetting characteristics of polymer blends of PPFS and PMA were compared with that of poly(PFS-co-MA) via contact angle measurements. The critical surface tension of polypentafluorostyrene was found to be 22.6 dyne/cm, which is comparable to the value reported for polytrifluoroethylene (22 dyne/cm). The critical surface tension of poly(PFS-co-MA) is not linearly related to its composition. The polymer blends of PPFS and PMA exhibit significant surface enrichment of the fluoropolymer. The harmonic-mean method¹ was employed to determine surface tensions of these polymers and many known polymers. It is found that the method produces useful surface tension data provided the contact angle values are derived from testing liquids of dissimilar polarity.