化学改性聚氯代对二甲苯薄膜表面润湿性的研究

采用了一种自制的改性剂对聚氯代对二甲苯薄膜表面改性,研究了不同改性剂浓度以及反应时间对聚氯代对二甲苯薄膜表面改性效果的影响,用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了改性前后薄膜的表面特性.结果表明,改性剂浓度为1.5mol/L和反应处理时间为10min时处理效果最好,聚氯代对二甲苯薄膜表面与去离子水的接触角从未改性时的96.49°减小到改性后的67.5°,改性后的聚氯代对二甲苯薄膜表面能由未改性时的14.335mJ/m2提高到34.798mJ/m2,薄膜表面氯元素含量显著降低.     

退火温度对聚氯代对二甲苯膜性能的影响

采用化学气相沉积聚合法制备了厚度为0.082mm的聚氯代对二甲苯膜,并将其置于80～220℃Ar气气氛中恒温2h退火.采用X-射线结构衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征了其结晶度变化和表面显微结构,并对退火前后膜的拉伸强度、透气率、透明度及雾度进行了测试.结果表明,随着退火温度升高,聚氯代对二甲苯薄膜的结晶度,拉伸强度和雾度增大,并在200℃达到最高;其断裂延伸率、透明度、气体渗透率则随之降低.     

聚偏氟乙烯膜亲水化改性及在酪蛋白分离中的应用

采用化学改性的方法,在KOH/KMnO4体系中对聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜表面进行化学处理,引入羟基等活性基团,并利用甘油水溶液增加膜表面的化学稳定性。分别改变试剂浓度、温度、反应时间等参数,确定最佳反应条件。实验结果表明,改性后的聚偏氟乙烯膜表面接触角减小,亲水性增强。将改性前后的膜分别应用于酪蛋白的分离实验,测定膜通量的衰减,发现改性后的PVDF膜表面的抗蛋白吸附能力有很大程度的提高。     

含氟丙烯酸酯三元共聚乳液的制备及表征

采用十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）和聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚（OP乳化荆）组成的复合乳化荆,制备了甲基丙烯酸1,1,5-三氢全氟戊酯（OFPMA）-丙烯酸丁酯（BA）-甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）三元共聚乳液。通过FT—IR、^1H—NMR对共聚物进行了表征。对乳液的稳定性、乳胶膜的耐溶剂性进行了研究,用接触角法研究了共聚物膜表面的性质。结果表明,加入含氟丙烯酸酯单体进行共聚合反应时,所得共聚物膜的表面自由能与无氟共聚物膜比较有显著的降低,当含氟单体的加入量达到质量分数为20％时,所得膜的表面自由能降低到25．12mJ／m^2。对该含氟膜进行退火处理后,其表面自由能进一步降低到23．52mJ／m^2。     

不同厚度聚氯代对二甲苯膜的结晶与性能研究

在真空气相沉积条件下制备厚度分别为0.32μm、2.39μm、7.98μm和17.11μm的聚氯代对二甲苯膜(PC膜),采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和纳米压痕仪对不同厚度PC膜的结晶度、表面形貌以及力学性能进行了表征与测试。结果表明,随着成膜厚度的增加,聚氯代对二甲苯薄膜的结晶度提高,表面晶粒尺寸增大,结晶形态更加完整,其表面粗糙度、压入模量和压入硬度呈逐渐增大的趋势。而PC膜表面形貌、力学性能的差异又与结晶度密切相关。     

基体温度对气相沉积聚氯代对二甲苯膜结构与性能的影响

用化学气相沉积法制备的聚氯代对二甲苯膜具有优异的耐溶剂腐蚀及气体阻隔性能。文中采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)表征了不同基体温度下制备聚氯代对二甲苯膜的微观组织结构;采用MOCON透湿仪测试了其水汽渗透率。结果表明,随基体温度升高,膜内聚合物分子链取向度先升高、后降低,且在较高温度下聚合物苯环基团更倾向于垂直基体表面。水汽在膜内渗透速率随基体温度升高先降低、后升高,且在约30℃～45℃处达到最低值。     

预光照聚四氟乙烯薄膜表面的无光引发剂气相光接枝聚合

研究了聚四氟乙烯（ＰＴＦＥ）薄膜的非极性表面光接枝改性，以赋予其在面一定的极性，改善表面的亲水性。采用预光照、不加光引发剂，用紫外光直接引发ＰＴＦＥ薄膜表面的丙烯酸接枝。改性后薄膜表面的水接触角由９８°降至６５°，染色程度明显提高。研究了反应条件对接枝结果的影响，并通过ＥＳＣＡ等分析手段，探讨了接枝反应机理。预先照可活化ＰＴＦＥ膜表面，使聚四氟乙烯的Ｃ－Ｆ键断裂产生自由基。光引发剂二苯甲酮不能引发ＰＴＦＥ膜，而能引发丙烯酸，便之一生均聚物，不加二苯甲酮可减小接枝阻力。     

L-精氨酸改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜的血液相容性

以戊二醛为交联剂,采用三步反应将L-精氨酸共价固定在聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜表面。用XPS和FT-IR检测了改性前后膜表面化学组成和结构的变化;通过接触角测定表征了膜表面化学组成对膜亲水性的影响;用BCA(bicinchoninic acid)法测定了膜表面吸附的蛋白量;借助扫描电镜观察了血小板在膜表面的粘附状况。结果显示:膜表面的水接触角由改性前的78.5°降低到改性后的43.7°;改性PET膜表面的蛋白吸附量比未改性PET的下降了25%;改性膜表面只有稀疏血小板粘附,且粘附的血小板呈圆形。     

光照可逆调控侧链液晶聚合物膜的表面能

对侧链液晶聚合物聚甲基丙烯酸(5-[4-(4-氰基偶氮苯)苯氧基]戊酯)进行溶液铸膜,用473nm线偏振光(LPL)照射使聚合物膜发生光致取向,用锥光成像的方法表征了侧链液晶聚合物的取向。取向前接触角为71.8°,取向后为86.4°;用365nm紫外光照射后,薄膜发生了解取向,解取向后接触角为72.3°。取向使膜表面能由40.1变为30.8mJ/m2,解取向后又恢复到39.8mJ/m2。表明光照能可逆调控侧链液晶聚合物表面能。     

空气中介质阻挡放电对聚丙烯进行表面改性的研究

用大气压空气中介质阻挡放电(DBD)对聚丙烯(PP)薄膜进行表面改性.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEN)观察、接触角测量和X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)等手段,研究了DBD等离子体处理前后PP膜的表面特性.实验结果表明,PP薄膜经DBD等离子体处理后,其表面结构变粗糙,且引入了极性基团,表面微观样貌和表面化学成分均发生变化.PP膜表面水接触角随着处理时间的增加而降低,且在处理8s时达到饱和值53°.对改性后的PP薄膜在空气中放置时的老化效应进行研究后发现,即使放置12天后其表面水接触角仍远低于改性前的值.     

溶胶-凝胶原位生长制备超疏水木材

采用溶胶-凝胶原位生长的方法制备超疏水木材,在木材表面形成一层纳米结构超疏水薄膜,水滴在木材表面接触角达到150.6°。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)分别对超疏水木材样品的物相组成、表面形貌及表面化学官能团进行检测,分析表明木材的超疏水性是表面纳米级突起粗糙结构和乙烯基疏水基团共同作用的结果。     

Chemical and electrical properties of HMDSO plasma coated polyimide

In this work, surface properties of polyimide (PI) films coated by thin layers deposited from pure hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) vapours in low frequency powered plasma reactor have been investigated. The polymer thin layers were elaborated at different plasma treatment times. The surface characterization of the coated PI film is performed using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), refractive index, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water droplet contact angle measurements and surface potential decay. The high carbon content revealed by ATR-FTIR analysis makes the coated surface PI films more hydrophobic. The water contact angle increased from 63° for untreated film to 115° after 10 min of HMDSO plasma coating. The coated PI surfaces were found to stay practically unchanged following storage of the samples in ambient conditions, indicating stable hydrophobic surface treatments. The increase of the refractive index indicates less porous structure. Scanning electron microscopy images showed a homogenous coating without crack. Surface potential evolution after corona charge deposition showed the retention of deposited charges at the surface of coated PI film. Correlation between these different analysis techniques results has been discussed.     

硅烷偶联剂对ZrWMoO8的表面改性

利用硅烷偶联剂KH-550对不同形貌Zr WMo O8进行表面改性,通过红外光谱（FT-IR）、接触角测试仪、扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）分析改性后Zr WMo O8的性能变化。结果表明,硅烷偶联剂改性后ZrWMo O8的晶体结构没有发生变化,但其接触角变大,疏水性增强,微粉团聚现象减少,分散性增强。     

Grafting of poly(ethylene glycol) monoacrylates on polycarbonateurethane by UV initiated polymerization for improving hemocompatibility

Poly(ethylene glycol) monoacrylates (PEGMAs) with a molecular weight between 400 and 1,000 g mol^?1 were grafted by ultraviolet initiated photopolymerization on the surface of polycarbonateurethane (PCU) for increasing its hydrophilicity and improving its hemocompatibility. The surface-grafted PCU films were characterized by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, water contact angle, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy measurements. The surface properties of the modified films were studied in dry and wetted state. Blood compatibility of the surfaces was evaluated by platelet adhesion tests and adhered platelets were determined by SEM. The results showed that the hydrophilicity of the films had been increased significantly by grafting PEGMAs, and platelets adhesion onto the film surface was obviously suppressed. Furthermore, the molecular weight of PEGMAs had a great effect on the hydrophilicity and hemocompatibility of the PCU films after surface modification and increased with increasing molecular weight of PEGMAs.     

The fabrication and property of hydrophilic and hydrophobic double functional bionic chitosan film

A new kind of hydrophobic bionic chitosan film was fabricated by simulating the surface structure of lotus leaf. The titanium oxide nanotube array was used as templates. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show that one side of this films have nano-scale rough surface with spherical protrusions alike the surface of lotus leaf. The diameter of the protrusions is about 100 nm, which is equal to diameter of the titanium oxide nanotube. The water contact angle of chitosan films is up to 120 degrees and it is hydrophobic. The other side of the film is flat and the contact angle is 70 degrees. That indicated that the hydrophilism of natural materials is connected with the surface structures. The double functional chitosan films, one side is hydrophilic, the other is hydrophobic, can be made by an easy method. This method is non-toxic and clean. The double functional chitosan film will improve the application of chitosan films in medicine.     

氩气低温等离子体处理HDPE薄膜表面的性能研究

利用低温等离子体,以氩气为工作气体,在工作压强为20Pa、处理功率为30W的条件下对HDPE薄膜进行了表面改性。用接触角、SEM、AFM、XPS等手段对改性结果进行了分析和表征。研究结果表明:在0～300s的处理时间内,失重率在处理时间为90s左右时达最大值;接触角在0～160s内随处理时间的增加显著减小,而在160～300s的处理时间内没有发生明显变化;改性后的接触角随着放置时间的推移出现微弱回复;HDPE薄膜经过氩气低温等离子体处理后,能在其表面形成各种极性基团,主要是羰基、羟基和羧基,且薄膜经处理后,其表面的结合能及平面光洁度发生了改变。     

氟化PVA-SiO2薄膜单面疏水性的研究与表征

目的 研究开发一种具有单面疏水性能的聚乙烯醇薄膜材料作为包装材料。方法 将质量分数为12%、醇解度为88%的PVA溶液与质量分数为5%的纳米SiO2溶液按体积比为1∶1混合并加热搅拌,通过流延干燥的方式制备PVA-SiO2薄膜。然后分别用体积分数为2.5%,5%,7.5%的十七氟癸基三甲氧基硅烷（FAS）-乙醇溶液以浸泡方式修饰薄膜的其中一面,并通过溶解性测试、接触角测试、场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）、傅里叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱测试（ATR-FTIR）等方法表征改性结果。结果 结果表明薄膜单面疏水性得到改善,改性后的薄膜在水中的溶解时间增加,且接触角均在120°以上,表明FAS起到了降低表面能的作用;FE-SEM结果显示,Si元素含量对薄膜的疏水性能有着重要影响;ATR-FTIR显示,FAS改性成功将氟原子引入到薄膜表面,且增加了硅原子的数量。其中用质量分数为5%的FAS-乙醇溶液修饰后的薄膜疏水性最好,接触角达到了126.21°。结论 与未改性薄膜相比,经FAS单面疏水改性的PVA-SiO2薄膜疏水性能得到大大提高,拓宽了PVA薄膜材料的应用领域。     

Fe~(3+)/TiO_2纳米薄膜的亲水性及光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了一系列不同Fe3+含量的Fe3+/Ti O2纳米薄膜,运用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、紫外可见分光光度计等手段对Fe3+/Ti O2进行了表征,并利用接触角测量仪考察了Fe3+含量、保存时间以及薄膜层数对亲水性的影响,同时以8 W(λ=254 nm)的UV灯作为光源,评价了各薄膜光催化降解亚甲基蓝的活性.结果表明,当Fe3+质量分数为0.5%时,Ti O2薄膜催化降解染料的活性得到大幅提高,同时也表现出了最好的亲水性,其薄膜表面与水的接触角几乎为0°.     

硅烷偶联剂对集料表面改性的制备及性能表征

利用硅烷偶联剂对集料进行表面改性,使其与集料发生水解和固化反应。基于表面能理论、红外光谱(FTIR)和扫描电镜(SEM)等微观分析手段对改性前后的集料进行表征,通过直接拉伸、水煮法、浸水马歇尔试验和冻融劈裂试验等宏观手段对改性前后的集料性能进行验证。结果表明硅烷偶联剂表面改性后的集料接触角减小,由原来的亲水性变为亲油性;红外光谱(FTIR)发现硅烷偶联剂与集料之间产生了Si—O—C、Si—O—Si共价键和氢键;扫描电镜(SEM)观测到集料表面形成了一层聚硅氧烷偶联层薄膜,表明集料表面已引入了硅烷偶联剂中的亲油基团;浸水前后表面改性的集料比原集料抗拉强度损失率下降了42.2%;集料与沥青之间的粘附性等级可达到5级,沥青混合料残留稳定度提升11.54%,冻融劈裂强度比提升39.26%。说明了硅烷偶联剂成功对集料进行表面改性,并改善了集料的表面性能。     

Synthesis and characterization of lamellar aragonite with hydrophobic property

A novel and simple synthetic method for the preparation of hydrophobic lamellar aragonite has been developed. The crystallization of aragonite was conducted by the reaction of sodium carbonate with calcium chloride in the presence of sodium stearate. The resulting products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the contact angle. The results revealed that sodium stearate plays an important role in determining the structure and morphology of the sample. Besides, we have succeeded in surface modification of particles in situ at the same time. The contact angle of the modified aragonite reached 108.59°.