果蔬中Cu、Pb、Ni、Cr、Cd和Co含量的测定及评价

以8种果蔬(9种样品)为研究对象,采用湿法消解,建立了ICP-AES同时检测铜、钴、镍、铬、镉和铅六种重金属元素含量的测定方法。在最优条件下,实验结果表明:Cu、Pb、Ni、Cr、Cd和Co的检出限分别为0.0015μg.mL-1、0.024μg.mL-1、0.0042μg.mL-1、0.0033μg.mL-1、0.0006μg.mL-1和0.0021μg.mL-1,相对标准偏差介于0.12%～10.29%之间,加标回收实验中回收率均介于89.4%～108.6%之间(土豆中Ni的回收率为123.7%)。根据国家食品卫生标准中的果蔬类标准,通过分析得出,Cr、Cd两种重金属元素污染比较严重,对居民的身体健康存在潜在的威胁。     

日用陶瓷中铅镉溶出量的测定

采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法（AAS）来测定日用陶瓷中铅镉的含量,并对测量结果进行分析。结果表明：方法检出限分为0.21μg·mL-1（Pb）和0.007μg·mL-1（Cd）,回收率为102.45%和94.67,精密度为2.10%和3.14%。该方法灵敏度、准确、快速、检出限低,适用于实验室中微量的铅、镉含量的测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定湖水中的微囊藻毒素

建立一种测定湖水中微囊藻毒素的高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)。以0.5mL/L三氟乙酸水溶液作为流动相,Agilent Eclipse XDB C18柱分离,紫外检测器(VWD)在波长238nm处检测。本方法最低检出限是0.4μg/L。微囊藻毒素标准浓度在0.4μg/mL-2μg/mL范围内,线性关系良好,相关系数r达0.998。加标浓度为0.4μg/mL-1.8μg/mL时,回收率为84.2%-92.0%,相对标准偏差在0.2%-3.2%之间。该方法灵敏度、准确度高,操作简单、安全。可用于测定水体中的微囊藻毒素。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定日用陶瓷中铅、镉、钴的溶出量

提出了石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定日用陶瓷中铅、镉、钴溶出量的分析方法。日用陶瓷样品经4%醋酸溶液浸泡过夜,取浸泡液测试,以磷酸二氢铵-钼酸铵为基体改进剂,直接进样石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定。在选定的最优测试条件下,铅、镉、钴分别在质量浓度为5-80μg·L~(-1),5-80μg·L~(-1)及5-60μg·L~(-1)范围内呈线性关系,相关系数均大于0.998,方法的检出限分别为0.65,0.55和0.45μg·L~(-1)。样品加标回收率为96.8%-104.8%,相对标准偏差小于2.4%。该方法具有灵敏度高和准确度高等优点,适合于日用陶瓷中铅、镉、钴溶出量的同时测定。     

流动注射分光光度法测定环境水样中的痕量镉

报道了Cd-KI-乙基紫FIA分光光度法测定镉的新方法。镉的测定范围为0-0.5μg/ml,摩尔吸光系数ε530=3.5×105 L·mol-1·cm-1,精密度RSD为0.72%,分析速度达120样/h。用所建立的方法分析环境水样中的镉,回收率在99%-102%之间,结果满意。     

水果中氯氰菊酯残留量的测定

利用乙腈提取,弗罗里硅土填料净化的前处理方法,采用带电子捕获器（ECD）的气相色谱仪测定苹果、梨、黄桃中高效氯氰菊酯的残留量方法。本文以苹果、桃子、梨为样品,采用保留时间定性,外标法定量,结果表明：在0.0017μg.mL-1～0.028μg.mL-1范围检测线性关系良好,其线性相关系数为782.96。测定出高效氯氰菊酯在苹果、桃子、梨的残留量分别为：0.0012μg.mL-1、0.0090μg.mL-1、0.0179μg.mL-1。高效溴氰菊酯残留在不同水果中的添加回收率在98.1%～101.2%之间;其中苹果中高效溴氰菊酯平均添加回收率为99.3%;梨中高效溴氰菊酯平均添加回收率为99.2%;黄桃中高效溴氰菊酯平均添加回收率为99.6%;高效氯氰菊酯的变异系数为13.95%。通过对其准确度、灵敏度和精密度分析,确定气相色谱法分析农药残留的方法是可行的,可以作为针对农药残留的方法。本检测过程方便快捷,满足农药残留分析要求。     

浸提法/电感耦合等离子体发射光谱测定炭黑中的铅、镉、汞

建立浸提法/电感耦合等离子体发射光谱测定炭黑中铅、镉和汞的方法.确定了最佳试验条件.分析线:铅220.353,镉226.502,汞194.227;RF发生器功率1 300 W;雾化气流量1.00 L·min-1;浸提时间60min;浸提硝酸溶液浓度4.0 mol·L-1.铅、镉和汞的检出限分别为0.108,0.062和0.087μg·mL-1,相对标准偏差为1.7％～4.3％,回收率为90.0％～105.0％.     

用国产GDX-103色谱柱测定脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚类产品中的1,4 -二(噁)烷

用顶空气相色谱法,选择了色谱固定相和实验条件,用国产高分子多孔小球GDX-103色谱柱测定脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO)及其硫酸盐(AES)和含有AES的餐具洗涤剂中的1,4-二噁烷。结果表明:所测7个AEO样品中1,4-二噁烷的质量浓度小于2μg.mL-1;所测9个AES样品中1,4-二噁烷质量浓度为6.0μg.mL-1-928.3μg.mL-1;所测8个餐具洗涤剂样品中1,4-二噁烷质量浓度为2.9μg.mL-1-59.7μg.mL-1。该方法测定1,4-二噁烷的标准曲线的相关系数为0.999 9,检出限为0.3μg.mL-1。     

原料药布格替尼中有关物质的HPLC分析方法研究

本文建立了HPLC测定布格替尼原料药中有关物质的分析方法:采用Phenomenex Gemini C(18)(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-0.5%三乙胺(磷酸调p H为7.2)为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL·min-1,柱温35℃,检测波长254 nm。结果表明:在选定的色谱条件下,可实现主峰与各杂质峰良好分离,杂质02、杂质03、杂质04和布格替尼定量限分别为0.0271μg·mL-1、0.1096μg·mL-1、0.0268μg·mL-1、0.1009μg·mL-1,分别在浓度范围0.0271～4.0650μg·mL-1(r=1)、0.1096～4.1100μg·mL-1(r=0.9995)、0.0268～4.0200μg·mL-1(r=0.9997)、0.1009～3.7845μg·mL-1(r=0.9993)内浓度与峰面积呈良好线性关系,且平均回收率(n=3)分别为104.5%、93.4%、96.0%。本法专属性好,灵敏度高,可用于布格替尼的有关物质测定。     

盐酸萘乙二胺分光光度法测定大气中二氧化氮的浓度

本文介绍了盐酸萘乙二胺分光光度法测定大气中NO2的浓度,本方法的检出限为0.018Iμg·mL-1,最低检出浓度为0.009mg·m-3,测定范围为0.018～0.7 μg·mL-1,相对标准偏差1.3%～3.4%,采样效率为98.4%.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。