不规则波作用下垂向圆管浮射流的试验研究

在不规则波作用下垂向圆管非浮射流试验研究的基础上,进一步对相同条件下垂向圆管浮射流的水动力特性进行试验研究.通过对比不同波浪条件下平均流速场和浓度场的变化,发现随着波浪作用的增强,浮射流轴线速度明显减小,其影响范围相应增大,周围水体对浮射流的稀释能力亦明显增强;通过引入特征速度和新定义的特征长度,拟合得到了不规则波作用下浮射流轴线流速、射流宽度以及轴线稀释度等一系列的经验公式,它们可为将来的工程应用、试验对比以及数值模拟提供重要的试验参考.     

不规则波作用下垂向圆管射流的试验研究

利用三维超声波测速仪(ADV)对不规则波作用下垂向圆管射流的流场进行了测量.通过与静水条件下圆管射流流场的比较,发现在不规则波作用下射流轴线速度明显减小、射流范围相应增大、周围水体对射流的稀释能力也明显增强;随着波浪强度的增大,射流紊动强度有所加强,而峰值位置则逐渐前移.本文采用因次分析方法对试验数据进行了分析,通过引入长度尺度lm将波浪作用下的射流划分成三个区域:z/lm≤0.1为射流主导段;0.11为波浪主导段.通过对试验数据的曲线拟合,建立了各个区域段内射流轴线流速和射流宽度的经验公式.     

波浪环境中圆形垂向射流的试验研究

使用粒子图像测速技术PIV(particle image velocimetry)对有限水深规则波浪环境下圆形垂直射流进行了试验研究。应用相位分析法从测量结果中分离出时间平均的速度值。试验中用5种不同周期的波浪研究波周期对射流的影响,分析了射流核长度与射流比、射流出口速度与波浪速度之比和波陡的关系,以及一定区域内射流喷口轴线上垂向平均速度的衰减规律和射流宽度的发展规律。结果表明波周期对射流的流场特性有显著影响。     

波浪作用下双孔射流压强特性试验研究

管道污水向海排放是一种典型的射流运动形式。在射流前行的过程中,波浪所引起的水体往复运动明显制约了射流的形成与发展,射流与波浪的相互作用的研究相对较少。利用数字压力传感器对波浪作用下双孔射流进行物理模型试验研究,分析波浪作用下双孔射流横断面压强分布及轴线衰减规律。试验结果表明:波浪条件下双孔射流横断面压强分布规律与静水条件相似,但是波浪条件下的射流压强大于静水条件下的射流压强,波周期越大,压强峰值增加越大;双孔射流的发展经历了单孔主导、双孔射流间的吸附和混掺、合并等过程;单孔主导区,射流压强分布与静水条件相似;吸附和掺混区,各孔衰减呈现出差异,第1孔与单孔射流类似,第2孔压强衰减较第1孔小,合并区双孔射流已为一股射流,其水动力特性与单孔射流类似;波浪对双孔射流的混掺合并有促进影响,随着周期的增大这种促进作用有增强的趋势,波周期的增大也使得射流合并断面提早出现。表明波周期对射流压强特性有显著影响。     

波浪在水流作用下的变形

本文通过实验研究，分别观测了规则、波单向不规则波和多向不规则波在不同流速条件下的情况，同进利用静水中的实测波浪资料通过理论计算，分析了在水流中的波浪，并将计算值与实测值做了对比。比较表明，当波浪主方向与水流、法线方向的夹角不过大时，计算与实验吻合较好，表明所推荐的理论方法是可行的。     

不同动力环境下孔间距对双孔射流特性的影响

为研究孔间距对双孔射流运动和稀释特性的影响,采用粒子图像测速技术(PIV)和激光诱导荧光技术(PLIF)分别对静水、横流和波浪环境下双孔射流的速度场和浓度场进行测量,对比分析了孔间距为5倍、10倍和15倍射流孔直径时双孔射流的轴向速度、横断面垂向速度、轨迹线及浓度场分布情况。结果表明:在静水环境下,孔间距较小时双孔射流的轴向速度衰减较单孔射流慢,随着孔间距的增大双孔射流轴向速度衰减的程度逐渐趋近于单孔射流。在横流环境下,随着孔间距的增大,前方射流对后方射流的遮掩作用不断减小,而后方对前方射流的卷吸作用也有所减弱,导致前方射流弯曲程度的增大和后方射流上升高度的降低。在波浪环境下,孔间距较小时,两孔中间存在一个独立的高浓度区;孔间距增大后,浓度等值线逐渐呈"凸"形分布。为降低双孔射流相互作用对射流初始稀释的影响,建议在波浪和横流环境下双孔射流的孔间距不宜小于射流孔直径的10倍。     

波浪环境下垂直射流动量积分模型

建立了一个基于动量积分法的射流数学模型,以模拟波浪作用下垂直射流近区段的扩散过程。采用自然坐标系统,假定射流流场保持瞬时稳定且相对速度剖面保持高斯分布,考虑波浪作用影响对卷吸函数进行了必要修正,采用拉格朗日追踪法和四阶龙格库塔法,对多个波浪工况下的垂直射流进行了数值计算。结果表明,在微幅波作用下射流的卷吸和掺混作用有所加强,使得射流轴线平均速度衰减加快,而射流影响范围相应增大。通过卷吸函数的波浪修正后,模型中射流垂向平均速度和射流半宽沿轴线的变化与物理实验的测量结果基本一致。     

斜坡地形上正向、斜向和多向不规则波统计特征参数研究

目前,大多数关于斜坡地形上波浪统计特征参数的研究都是基于正向入射规则波或不规则波进行的.该文通过物理模型试验,对正向、斜向和多向不规则波在1:15斜坡地形上基于谱矩描述的波浪破碎指标以及波浪的统计特征参数进行了研究.研究结果表明,在该试验条件下,斜向不规则波的破碎指标略大于正向不规则波,而多向不规则波的破碎指标可以采用...     

某跨海大桥桥头刚架桥段波浪浮托力作用的试验研究

对波浪浮托力的研究,目前已有一些理论经验公式,也采用规则波和不规则波做过一些波浪断面模型试验,但是波浪浮托力影响因素非常复杂.该文针对具体的跨海大桥桥头刚架桥段,进行了波浪断面模型试验,以此来研究波浪浮托力对该跨海大桥桥头刚架桥段的作用.由于原方案桥段二底板的波浪浮托力不满足工程设计要求,因此对原方案进行了修改,试验结...     

波浪形态及方向分布对港域波浪传播的影响

航道开挖会对波浪的传播产生显著影响,使港内波浪及泊稳条件发生变化。依托物理模型试验结果,验证了MIKE21中BW数值模型的合理性,证实二者结果吻合良好,随后利用该模型对比分析了在规则波、单向不规则波以及多向不规则波作用下,港域波浪扰动系数的分布规律及区别。结果表明：小角度入射波浪下,单向不规则波与规则波在航道迎浪面边坡发生的波能聚集现象明显强于多向不规则波;多向不规则波的方向分布对波浪在航道中的传播产生影响,波浪方向分布范围越窄,航道的折射效应及能量汇聚过程也越明显,航道边坡上的扰动系数也越大。因此在实际工程的航道设计中,应该考虑到不同形态波浪及多向波方向分布在航道传播过程中的差异,尤其在某些涌浪作用较强、波浪能量分布较为集中的港域,以单向不规则波甚至是规则波作为入射波浪将更加合理安全。     

Dilution characteristics of dual buoyant jets in wavy cross-flow environment

Due to the difference in density between the discharge effluent and coastal water, partially treated wastewater is often discharged into the marine environment as a buoyant jet via submarine outfalls with multiport diffusers. The dilution characteristics of effluent discharge (dual buoyant jets) in a wavy cross-flow environment were studied in a laboratory. The planar laser-induced fluorescence technique was used to obtain the concentration data of the jets. The effects of different environmental variables on the diffusion and dilution characteristics of the jets were examined through physical experiments, dimensional analysis, and empirical formulations. It was found that the dilution process of the dual jets could be divided into two components: the original jet component and the effluent cloud component. The jet-to-current velocity ratio was the main parameter affecting the concentration levels of the effluent cloud. The merging of the two jets increased the jet concentration in the flow field. When the jets traveled further downstream, the axial dilution increased gradually and then increased significantly along the axis. Under the effects of strong waves, the concentration contours branched into two peaks, and the mean dilution became more significant than under the effects of weak waves. Therefore, the dilution of the effluent discharge was expected to be significant under strong wave effects because the hydrodynamic force increased. A dilution equation was derived to improve our understanding of the dilution process of buoyant jets in a wavy cross-flow environment. This equation was used to determine the influences of the jet-to-current velocity ratio, wave-to-current velocity ratio, and Strouhal number on the minimum jet dilution. It revealed that the wave and buoyancy effects in effluent discharges were significant.     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF FLOW AND DILUTION BEHAVIOR OF RADIAL WALL JET

The radial wall jet is a flow configuration that combines the radial jet and the wall jet. This article presents a simulation of the radial wall jet by applying the transition Shear-Stress Transport (SST) model. Tanaka's experimental data are used for validation. The computed velocity profiles agree well with the experimental ones. The distributions of the velocity on cross-sections show a similarity in the main region and the profiles are different with those of the free radial jet or the wall jet, because the presence of the wall limits the expansion of the jet. By introducing the equivalent nozzle width, the maximum velocity decays and the half-width distributions are normalized, respectively. In addition to compare the flow field with experiments, this paper also analyzes the dilution effect of radial wall jets in terms of the concentration distributions. The concentrations on the wall keep constant within a certain distance from the nozzle. And the concentration distributions also show a similarity in the main region. Both the decays of the maximum concentration and the distributions of the concentration half-width fall into a single curve, respectively. The dilution effect of radial wall jets is thus verified.     

Velocity and concentration measurements in initial region of submerged round jets in stagnant environment and in coflow

Velocity and concentration fields are measured in submerged round jets in a stagnant environment and in coflow using laser Doppler anemometry and laser-induced fluorescence. Measurements are made in the initial region within distances of 40 jet exit diameter at jet Reynolds number between 1000 and 5000 and coflow-to-jet velocity ratio from 0 to 0.43. Different behaviors of jet spreading and dilution are found in jets at three different ranges of Reynolds number in which the jets are classified as initially laminar, transitional or turbulent. In the zone of established flow, the jet centerline velocity and concentration decay with downstream distance at different rates in the three groups of jets. For jets in coflow, axial development of normalized forms of centerline mean excess velocity and mean concentration at different velocity ratios can be reasonably well collapsed onto universal trends through the use of momentum length scale. Turbulence properties inside a jet are increased by the presence of a strong coflow. Inside the zone of flow establishment, some strange features are observed on jet turbulence properties. The length of zone of flow establishment increases from the turbulent jets, to the transition jets and to the laminar jets. The zone lengths for concentration are shorter than those for velocity by one to two jet exit diameters. Both lengths are shortened further in the presence of a coflow. For jets a stagnant environment and in the strong jet flow region of jets in coflow, jet widths increase linearly with downstream distance in transitional and turbulent jets. Self-similarity of radial profiles of mean velocity or excess velocity, mean concentration, turbulence intensities and concentration fluctuation level is explored in the zone of established flow.     

跌坎型底流消能工淹没射流区流速衰变规律

跌坎型底流消能工消力池内的流态为淹没射流和淹没水跃的混合流态,为了解淹没射流区的水力特性,应用紊动射流理论,分析了淹没射流区主流的扩散规律、主流轴向最大时均速度的衰变规律。采用水力学试验方法,借鉴目前研究成果的基础上,开展了淹没射流区主流轴向最大时均速度衰变规律的研究。通过试验研究结果,推导出以入池角度为控制目标的跌坎型底流消能工淹没射流区主流轴向最大时均速度衰变的半经验公式。     

基于环形旋转射流的预掺混扩散器水力特性试验研究

预掺混扩散器在污水出流前掺入其周围的水进行预先稀释,可增强初始稀释度,减小混合区范围。为进一步提高扩散器的稀释水平,本文提出了一种基于环形旋转射流的新型预掺混扩散器,在进流方式以及排放形式方面另辟蹊径,并系统地研究了该扩散器射流的温度场、流场和内部压力分布。研究结果表明:该预掺混扩散器稀释性能稳定,流量放大倍比约为2.5,排口处温升极值可降低约50%,1.2倍排口直径处可降低约80%;排口后环形旋转射流无速度核心区,存在内掺混机制,极值温升及流速沿喷距呈幂函数衰减规律,具有更短的射程和更强的掺混稀释能力,对迅速缩减污染带十分有利;水头损失系数较小,约为2.4。采用该预掺混扩散器,可在离岸较近的浅水区域获得较常规扩散器深排的稀释效果,进而缩短排污输水管道、降低工程投资。