机械合金化法制备W-Cu合金粉末的研究

将W80Cu20(n(W):n(Cu)=4:1)混合粉末在QM-BP式行星式高能球磨机中球磨进行机械合金化,研究了不同球磨时间对W-Cu混合粉末组织的影响.采用XRD和SEM对不同球磨时间的粉末进行分析,结果显示随着球磨时间的增加,混合粉末产生合金化效果不断增强,Cu固溶于W中,并且晶粒尺寸得到一定的细化.     

（Ag—Cu28）80-Inx—Sn20-x合金焊粉的制备及熔化特性研究

用机械合金化法来制备(Ag-Cu28)80-Inx-Sn20-x合金焊粉。利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和Simple-PCI软件对制备合金粒子的熔化特性、物相、微观结构和粒度分布等进行表征分析。研究结果表明:机械合金化法可以有效的制备(Ag-Cu28)80-Inx-Sn20-x合金焊粉。组分为(Ag-Cu28)80-In10.5-Sn9.5合金焊粉的熔化温度最低为490.9℃,其物相组成主要为富Ag相和-βCu81Sn22相。球磨30 h,(Ag-Cu28)80-Inx-Sn20-x体系合金化完全。球磨至80 h,合金粉体的平均尺寸约为47.64μm,铺展率为110.76 cm2/g。     

机械合金化在Fe-Si合金制备中的应用

机械合金化是一种新的材料制备方法, 近年来在功能材料的制备中得到了广泛的应用. 该文简要回顾了机械合金化的发展历史, 阐述了机械合金化的原理及反应机制, 介绍了机械合金化技术在过饱和固溶体、非晶、纳米晶及金属间化合物等领域的应用状况. 指出机械合金化过程的热力学和动力学研究及合金相结构、性能与球磨工艺条件之间的规律是今后研究的重点, 后续处理工艺的改进是产品实现从实验室向工业应用转变的重要保证.     

机械合金化制备Ag-Cu_(28)合金过程的研究

采用机械合金化法制备Ag-Cu28二元共晶合金,通过正交试验研究球磨机转速、球料比及过程控制剂对合金化过程的影响,利用XRD、SEM、TG-DSC等方法对球磨粉料的物相组成、微观形貌、熔化特性等进行表征.结果表明:Ag、Cu经过30h球磨,生成了Ag(Cu)过饱和固溶体,其熔化温度为783.8℃,该合金属于亚稳态结构,退火处理后以富银、富铜相形式存在.合金化过程中,硬脂酸作为过程控制剂的加入可以有效地减小颗粒尺寸,但对合金化不利.     

机械合金化CuRECr合金的显微组织结构及性能分析

利用机械合金化和真空烧结技术制备CuRECr25和CuRECr50合金，讨论了机械合金化不同球磨时间、球料比等工艺参数对合金显微组织结构、物理机械性能，含氧量、含氮量等的影响，并且与CuCr25、CuCr50合金进行了物理机械性能比较。研究结果表明：CuRECr合金组织均匀、细微，具有强度、硬度高等特点，为改进CuCr系电真空接触材料开辟了新途径。     

一种行之有效的合成非晶态合金的方法—机械合金化法

本文叙述了用机械合金化法合成非晶态合金的原理，所得合金的结构及本方法的应用前景。     

机械合金化制备纳米晶Fe-Si合金的研究

采用Fe-6．5％Si合金粉与Si-22％Fe合金粉末，经机械合金化制备了Fe-13．95％Si固溶体合金。由碰撞频率、速率与球磨工艺条件的理论关系推导出了球料比的最佳值。利用XRD、SEM和EDX手段对球磨后的Fe—Si粉体进行了结构、形貌及成份表征。结果表明：混合粉体球磨12h可实现机械合金化，合金化的粉体为α—Fe（Si）过饱和固溶体，颗粒尺寸为0．5～15μm，显微组织为纳米晶结构，平均晶粒尺寸约为18nm。     

热机械合金化法制备纳米晶W-Cu复合粉末

采用热机械合金化制备纳米晶W-Cu复合粉末。通过XRD、SEM、激光粒度测试等方法对球磨后的粉末进行表征。结果表明:随球磨时间延长,W的晶粒尺寸不断减小,球磨30 h后W的平均晶粒尺寸为41 nm左右;球磨初期,粉末迅速细化;随球磨时间延长,粉末粒度有所增加;进一步增加球磨时间,粉末粒度减小。球磨粉末还原后有较高的烧结活性,1 200℃烧结后相对密度可达97%以上。烧结材料的组织非常均匀,且晶粒细小。     

用机械合金化法制备含氮不锈钢粉末

采用机械合金化法(MA)分别在N₂气氛和氨水介质中利用高能球磨进行了含氮不锈钢粉末的制备,探讨了MA法对含氮不锈钢粉末性能的影响.结果表明,随球磨时间延长,粉末含氮量升高,接近高氮不锈钢氮含量,且颗粒不断细化,球磨10h的粉末粒度可达到1.878μm.     

机械合金化的研究及进展

简述了机械合金化的应用,总结了机械合金化的理论研究及其过程中的影响因素,介绍了近期主要的有关反应球磨的工作,着重叙述了反应球磨中的ＳＨＳ现象。     

FeNiCrAl合金的显微组织和力学性能

对FeNiCrAl合金显微组织和力学性能的研究表明：[Ni]/[Cr]0.9（摩尔比）的合金以γ相为基体,[Ni]/[Cr]（摩尔比）＝0.6～0.8和0.6的合金分别以γ十α双相和α相为基体,合金在不同温度热处理后,由于相的析出或溶解,显示出不同的力学性能.     

Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of Al-Fe Alloys Processed by High-Pressure Torsion

Al-Fe alloys in the form of thin disks 10?mm in diameter, with Fe nominal weight fractions of 0.5, 1, 2, and 5?pct, were extracted from bulk-extruded rods and processed by high-pressure torsion (HPT). A group of these bulk samples was processed in an as-received state, whereas another group was annealed at 773?K (500?°C) for a period of 1?hour, prior to the application of HPT. An additional set of samples was prepared by mixing high-purity powders with similar Fe contents and consolidated directly in the HPT facility. The samples were processed up to 10?revolutions. Vickers microhardness, tensile strength, and elongation to failure were evaluated for all cases along with observations of the Al matrix by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Basic characterization of the microstructures was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optical microscopy (OM). Significant strengthening with ductility retained was achieved in the bulk samples as a consequence of grain refinement and dispersion of intermetallic phases. Powder samples had a more gradual increase in strength but increased ductility as a result of the imposed strain.     

不同组织形态TC4钛合金力学性能研究

对常见几种组织形态的TC4钛合金的拉伸性能、硬度进行了测试.利用金相显微镜观察各试样的显微组织特点,利用扫描电子显微镜分析拉伸断口形貌,并对几种组织形态力学性能存在差异的原因进行了分析.实验结果表明:具有双态组织的3#试样的强度与塑性匹配最好,且强度最高;5#试样所具有的魏氏体组织,在提高了拉伸力学性能指标的同时,硬度...     

加钪对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr合金组织性能的影响

本文研究了微量钪对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr合金组织及性能的影响。钪在铝合金中主要以两种形式的化合物存在，一种是合金凝固时从熔体中析出的一次Al2(Sc，Zr)相，另一种是铸锭均匀化时析出的二次Al2(Sc，Zr)相。前者是αa(Al)晶粒细化剂，可有效细化铸态晶粒；后者可强烈牵制晶粒内位错及亚晶界，有效阻止热轧、退火或固溶处理过程中的再结晶。钪是产生强烈析出强化的合金元素，同不加钪的铝合金相比，含0．30％Sc的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr合金的抗拉强度和延性显著提高。     

稀土La对(Ag-Cu8)-25Sn-xLa合金微观结构及凝固机制的影响

研究了稀土La对(Ag-cu28)-25SnxLa合金微观结构的影响,并探讨了稀土La含量的变化在其凝固过程中的作用.采用高频感应加热熔炼,经水淬制得(Ag-Cu28) -25Sn-xLa合金.通过XRD,SEM,EDS等分析手段,研究了合金的物相组成、凝固组织及元素分布情况.研究结果表明:微量的稀土La足以改变(Ag-Cu28) -25Sn合金的凝固过程;La含量不大于0.5％时,合金的物相组成为Ag3Sn,Cu3Sn和Cu6Sn5相;当La含量不小于1.0％(质量分数)时,合金的物相组成为Ag3Sn和Cu3Sn;同时,随La含量的增加合金的凝固组织不断细化,且有利于Ag(Sn)固溶体初生相的析出.     

Phase Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Nano-TiO2 Dispersed Zr-Based Alloys by Mechanical Alloying and Conventional Sintering

The present study deals with the synthesis of 1.0 to 2.0 wt pct nano-TiO₂ dispersed Zr-based alloy with nominal compositions 45.0Zr-30.0Fe-20.0Ni-5.0Mo (alloy A), 44.0Zr-30.0 Fe-20.0Ni-5.0Mo-1.0TiO₂ (alloy B), 44.0Zr-30.0Fe-20.0Ni-4.5Mo-1.5TiO₂ (alloy C), and 44.0Zr-30.0Fe-20.0Ni-4.0Mo-2.0TiO₂ (alloy D) by mechanical alloying and consolidation of the milled powders using 1 GPa uniaxial pressure for 5 minutes and conventional sintering at 1673 K (1400 °C). The microstructural and phase evolution during each stage of milling and the consolidated products were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The particle size of the milled powder was also analyzed at systemic intervals during milling, and it showed a rapid decrease in particle size in the initial hours of milling. XRD analysis showed a fine crystallite size of 10 to 20 nm after 20 hours of milling and was confirmed by TEM. The recrystallization behavior of the milled powder was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The hardness of the sintered Zr-based alloys was recorded in the range of 5.1 to 7.0 GPa, which is much higher than that of similar alloys, developed via the melting casting route.     

Mg-6Al-1Zn-Y镁合金组织及力学性能的研究

在Mg-6Al-1Zn合金的基础上添加不同质量分数的Y（分别为0％，0．5％，0．9％，1．4％），制备了4种实验合金，研究了Y的添加对合金组织性能的影响。通过X射线衍射、金相显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针等手段分析了Mg-6Al-1Zn合金添加Y后组织结构的变化。研究结果表明，添加了不同含量Y的合金中都出现了一种新相Al2Y相。随着Y含量的增加，Al2Y相数量增多而Mg17Al 12相则减少。Y能细化合金铸态及挤压态显微组织，其细化作用在添加了0．9％Y的镁合金中尤为明显。铸态合金室温拉伸试验表明：该合金具有最佳的综合力学性能。当Y含量添加至1．4％时，Al2Y相变得粗大且出现团聚现象而导致了拉伸性能的下降。经过挤压后，合金的力学性能大幅度上升。     

牙科用Ti-Mo合金的研制及组织性能特点

对不同Mo含量（5％、10％、15％和20％，质量分数）的二元Ti-Mo合金的显微组织和机械性能进行了研究。结果表明：当Mo含量为5％时，合金由单一的等轴α相组成；Mo含量为10％时，等轴α晶粒内部有针状析出物；当Mo含量为15％、20％时，合金由单一的等轴声β组成。Mo含量为10％，合金的综合性能最好：硬度为4510MPa，压缩强度为1636MPa，压缩率为22．5％，弹性模量为29．8GPa。Mo含量的增加有利于合金组织的细化，塑性的提高。Ti-Mo合金是一种有发展前景的口腔修复用钛合金。     

Microstructures and Properties of Nanocrystalline NiFe Alloy With and Without Particulate TiC Reinforcement by Mechanical Alloying

In the current study, Ni₅₀Fe₅₀ alloy powders were prepared using a high-energy planetary ball mill. The effects of TiC addition (0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 wt pct) and milling time on the sequence of alloy formation, the microstructure, and microhardness of the product were studied. The structure of solid solution phase, the lattice parameter, lattice strain, and grain size were identified by X-ray diffraction analysis. The correlation between the apparent densities and the milling time is explained by the morphologic evolution of the powder particles occurring during the high-energy milling process. The powder morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy. It was found that FCC γ (Fe–Ni) solid solution was formed after 10 hours of milling, and this time was reduced to 7 hours when TiC was added. Therefore, brittle particles (TiC) accelerate the milling process by increasing crystal defects leading to a shorter diffusion path. Observations of polished cross section showed uniform distribution of the reinforcement particles. The apparent density increases with the increasing TiC content. It was also found that the higher TiC amount leads to larger lattice parameter, higher internal strain, and lower grain size of the alloy.