板坯连铸结晶器内氩气泡行为的模拟研究

针对氩气泡在板坯连铸结晶器中的运动行为,以190 mm×1 900 mm板坯连铸结晶器原型为研究对象,采用水力学模型及数值模拟的方法,重点研究了拉速为1.7 m/min时不同水口吹气量对结晶器内气泡大小、气泡分布、液面波动、渣-金行为等的影响。研究结果表明:随着水口吹气量增加,气泡尺寸逐渐增加,结晶器窄边气泡数量不断减少,气泡大都聚集在水口附近上浮,水口吹气量是引起乳化卷渣、水口附近液面裸露及卷渣等的主要因素。     

宽板坯连铸结晶器内卷渣现象试验研究

结合宽板坯连铸结晶器的4种断面尺寸,采用1:1水模型进行试验,研究了浸入式水口吹气量、水口浸入深度、水口吐出孔数、水口底部形状、拉速和结晶器断面宽度等工艺参数对结晶器内流体流动行为的影响情况,观察到结晶器内水口周围有旋涡卷渣和液面扰动卷渣,断面1/4区域是液面扰动卷渣,窄面区域有"类旋涡"卷渣和剪切卷渣.结果表明,结晶器内的卷渣与各种工艺参数是相关的,对工艺参数进行优化,就可减少卷渣的发生.     

吹氩板坯结晶器水模型实验研究

采用1：2.5的相似比,以1 500 mm×280 mm断面的结晶器为原型建立水模型,试验研究了在吹氩条件下拉速,水口倾角、吹气量和浸入深度对液面波动的影响,并分析了在试验条件下的卷渣行为,研究结果表明在吹氩条件下主要存在气泡群冲击卷渣和类漩涡卷渣两种方式。     

适合漏斗型薄板坯连铸结晶器三孔水口的水模型优化

 采用1∶1的水模型研究了5种不同底孔直径(16～28mm)的三孔水口下漏斗型薄板坯结晶器内的流场、液面特征和卷渣行为。结果表明：在常规工艺参数下,5种三孔水口下结晶器内钢液的流场都是典型的“双辊流”,且流场稳定;在5种三孔水口下结晶器液面波动都较平稳,且波动范围都在±(3～5)mm之间。5种不同水口下结晶器液面主要发生剪切卷渣,漩涡卷渣很少发生。试验得知：在水口浸入深度280mm,拉速为5m/min时,剪切卷渣发生的钢液临界表面速度是0.32m/s,与文献报道的模型计算值较吻合。在水口浸入深度280mm、拉速为5m/min的条件下,适合薄板坯连铸的最佳的三孔水口的底孔直径为22mm。     

连铸结晶器内钢/渣界面波动及卷渣行为的实验研究

连铸结晶器钢/渣界面时常发生卷渣现象,严重影响连铸坯质量.本文通过水模型实验研究了吹氩量、拉速、水口浸入深度对钢/渣界面波动及卷渣现象的影响.利用波高仪采集液面的波动数据,采用高速摄像机捕捉钢/渣界面卷渣时的瞬时图像,重现了剪切卷渣、漩涡卷渣、大气泡卷渣及抽吸卷渣现象.结果表明:随着吹氩量的增大,结晶器液面波动加剧,适当的吹氩量有利于抑制卷渣,本实验中0.8 L/min吹氩量下的卷渣频率最低;随着水口浸入深度的增加,液面波动程度和卷渣频率均呈降低趋势;随着拉速增大,水口附近的波动先减小后增大,窄边附近的波动逐渐增强,卷渣频率逐渐增大.     

板坯连铸结晶器钢液卷渣现象研究

利用水模型研究安钢板坯结晶器内钢液的卷渣机理，得出其主要卷渣方式，并考察了水口结构参数及操作参数对卷渣的影响，提出避免卷渣的的改进措施。     

薄板坯连铸漏斗形结晶器内卷渣行为物理模拟

针对高拉速下薄板坯连铸结晶器内的液面卷渣问题，建立了1∶1水力学模型，采用水/真空泵油模拟钢/保护渣介质，研究了连铸拉速、水口插入深度、保护渣黏度对漏斗形结晶器内液渣层变化及卷渣行为的影响。结果表明，随着拉速提高，结晶器内液面波高升高，液面高度自窄边向水口方向逐渐降低，液渣层厚度相应由薄变厚，导致结晶器窄边附近钢液裸露；结晶器内窄边至水口之间1/2处波高变化较大、液面流速最大、易发生剪切卷渣。在试验条件下，采用增加水口插入深度、降低最高拉速、适当提高保护渣黏度等方法，使液面速度小于0.486 m/s的临界流速、液面波动指数F数小于5.45,可防止结晶器内产生剪切卷渣。然而，这些手段不能避免结晶器内水口附近的旋涡卷渣，这是因为薄板坯连铸钢通量大以及漏斗形结晶器和鸭嘴形水口容易形成负压旋涡造成的。     

板坯结晶器内偏流现象的模拟研究

针对某钢厂SPHE卷板质量异议中夹渣缺陷问题,采用模拟手段分析了因结晶器偏流导致的卷渣漏钢现象的严重程度,并据此对炼钢连铸工序进行了相应的工艺调整。模拟分析结果表明,当浸入式水口对中不良、水口结瘤及塞棒端头或碗部局部结瘤等情况出现时都会出现结晶器流场和液面速度的不对称。在水口不对称度为5%时,水口附近出现较大漩涡。根据模拟分析结果在采取相应工艺措施后,SPHE钢连铸漏钢事故发生率得到完全控制,SPHE卷板皮下夹渣现象也得以有效控制。     

板坯连铸结晶器保护渣卷渣及其影响因素的研究

对板坯连铸结晶器保护渣卷渣进行的水力学模拟研究结果表明,主要有三种类型的卷渣,即窄边附近的剪切卷渣、浸入式水口附近的旋涡卷渣和水口吹入的氩气泡上浮冲击钢渣界面引起的卷渣.拉速增加、减少浸入式水口浸入深度、减小水口出口倾角和增加吹入的Ar流量均会加大表面流速和液面波动,增大结晶器内卷渣的倾向,而其中拉速增加对卷渣的影响最大.当结晶器宽度为1 900 mm、采用1.4 m/min的拉速时,选择向下25°的水口出口角度、250 mm的水口浸入深度和10 L/min的Ar流量可将板坯结晶器内流场的表面流速和液面波动控制在合理的范围内,从而减小和避免结晶器内卷渣.     

连铸坯凝固过程中传输现象基础知识系列讲座 第十四讲 连铸结晶器中的钢液流动

连铸结晶器中钢液的流动方式对去除钢水中的夹杂物、防止卷渣和铸流冲刷凝固层十分重要。介绍了板坯连铸结晶器中的钢液流动和水口出口倾角、水口浸入深度及浇铸速度等参数对流动行为的影响，同时概括了小方坯弧形结晶器中钢液流动特点。     

采用薄板坯连铸生产高表面质量冷轧钢板的可行性分析

薄板坯连铸由于拉速高,结晶器容量小,结晶器钢水液面波动高度和表面流速显著高于传统连铸,因此容易造成保护渣卷渣,这是薄板坯连铸生产高表面质量冷轧钢板钢种的主要困难所在。NUCOR、蒂森一克鲁伯等企业采用薄板坯连铸连轧工艺生产冷轧钢板的实践也表明,在表面质量方面与传统工艺产品尚有较大的差距。采用薄板坯连铸工艺生产优质冷轧钢种,应适当增加铸坯厚度,以降低拉速和增加结晶器对钢水流的缓冲作用,可采用120mm厚铸坯(结晶器出口),3m／min左右拉速。为了减少结晶器保护渣卷渣,应对中等厚度薄板坯连铸结晶器内钢水流动控制(SEN结构参数、SEN浸入深度、拉速等)、电磁制动、保护渣等开展深入的试验研究。     

板坯连铸结晶器内非对称涡流的水模拟研究

利用水模拟研究连铸操作工艺对板坯结晶器液面涡流的影响规律。在实验室进行了不同工艺参数下的试验,分析不同工艺参数对涡流的影响。结果表明,结晶器液面形成涡流的原因主要来自于表面液流的湍动性所导致的水口两侧表面液流动能瞬时的不对称,以及浇注工艺所导致的水口两侧出流及表面液流不对称。在结晶器液面,涡流出现形式分为水口一侧单涡流,一侧双涡流和对角双涡流等情况。上述现象与水口周围液流流态有关,涡流的"强度"(文中用涡流直径和长度表征)以及其出现的频度均随表面液流的动量增大而增加,加大水口浸入深度或增大出流角度有利于减小涡流强度和出现频度。     

Large Eddy Simulation for Unsteady Turbulent Field in Thin Slab Continuous Casting Mold

The unsteady turbulent flow during the continuous casting of steel is important, because it influences critical phenomena that affect steel quality. Unsteady three-dimensional flow in the mold region of the liquid pool during continuous casting of steel slabs has been computed using realistic geometries starting from the submerged inlet nozzle to the mold. The cassette filter function was used to deal with unsteady Navier-Stokes equation, and then the turbulent flow in the thin slab CCM was simulated with the large eddy simulation method combined with the Smagorinsky sub-grid scale model in this paper. And the model was verified by the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) experimental results which was got from a relate scientific literature. In this thesis, by means of LES, the flow characteristics in the thin slab CCM were acquired, such as the vortex distribution, the formation of the large eddy coherent structures, development, shedding and fracture process. In the same time, the turbulent asymmetric distribution was revealed even the nozzle in the centre position. Interactions between the two halves cause large velocity fluctuations near the meniscus. And the vortex is located at the low velocity side adjacent to the SEN. Along with the unsteady time development, the unsteady turbulent large vortex structures of the liquid steel in the CCM presented periodic bias flow distribution, and the period is about 20 seconds.     

Modeling of biased flow phenomena associated with the effects of static magnetic-field application and argon gas injection in slab continuous casting of steel

Biased flow occurs frequently in the slab continuous casting process and leads to downgraded steel quality. A mathematical model has been developed to analyze the three-dimensional biased flow phenomena associated with the effects of static magnetic-field application and argon gas injection in the slab continuous casting process. By moving the submerged entry nozzle (SEN) from center to off-center, the biased flow and vortexing flow in the mold can be reproduced in the numerical simulation. The existence of a vortexing flow is shown to result from three-dimensional biased flow in the mold. A vortex is located at the low-velocity side adjacent to the SEN. The vortex strength depends on the local horizontal velocity of molten steel and decreases gradually with distance from the free surface. The vortexing-zone size depends on the biased distance of the SEN, and the intensity of the vortexing flow depends on the casting speed of the continuous caster. Only when the location and strength of the magnetic field are properly chosen, can the vortexing flow be suppressed by a static magnetic-field application. The effect of argon gas injection on the vortexing flow is not remarkable. The combination of magnetic-field application and argon gas injection can correct the biased flow and suppress the vortexing flow by suppressing the surface velocity and removing the downward velocity near the SEN in the mold.     

MCCR产线110mm薄板坯结晶器流场的数值模拟

首钢京唐MCCR产线是国内第一条多模式连铸连轧产线,薄板坯高拉速连铸是实现无头轧制模式的基础,结晶器内流场控制是决定薄板坯高拉速连铸的关键.采用VOF两相流模型研究薄板坯连铸结晶器内流场特点,采用插钉法测量实际生产过程结晶器弯月面流速,并与对应工况条件下模拟结果进行对比校验了模型准确性.通过薄板坯连铸结晶器内流场的数值...     

浇铸参数对结晶器液面波动影响及其工业应用

 板坯连铸结晶器液面的波动行为是结晶器内钢液流动、结晶器自身振动以及辊子挤压铸坯内部未凝固的钢液造成液面波动综合作用的结果。结晶器液位波动的稳定性对板坯连铸过程的卷渣行为有直接影响。在工业板坯连铸生产实践中,一般在结晶器某一区域(比如结晶器中部)利用放射源或涡流传感器检测液位波动来代表该工况下的整体波动水平。利用三维气液两相流动的数学模型研究了浇铸参数对结晶器液位轮廓的影响,浇铸参数包括拉速、吹氩流量、浸入式水口出口角度和浇铸断面。研究结果表明,结晶器不同宽度位置的波动幅值差异较大,且与工艺参数密切相关。液面的波峰与波谷之差随着拉速的增加在窄面附近逐渐增大,随着吹氩流量的增加在水口附近逐渐增大。在水口出口角度15°条件下,水口和窄面附近的液位波动均较大,而在水口出口角度45°条件下,仅在水口附近存在较大的液位波动。研究结果表明,使用板坯连铸常规的15°浸入式水口,当铸坯宽度大于800 mm时,结晶器液面检测需要在水口和窄面附近同时布置液位检测设备,以便更全面反应结晶器的真实液面行为,使液面波动对轧板表面质量指导性增强,有效提高连铸工艺的控制水平。如使用45°浸入式水口可以继续沿用原有的液位检测布置。     

浸入式水口对结晶器钢水流动与液面波动的影响

以国内某钢厂220 mm×1800 mm板坯连铸结晶器为原型,根据相似性原理建立相似比为0.6的水模型,利用粒子图像测速技术(PIV)对比不同浸入式水口(SEN)的出口角度、浸入深度及水口底部结构条件下的结晶器内流场流速特征,同时使用波高仪对液面波动振幅进行实时监测,并结合F数分析各SEN条件对结晶器内钢液流动特征.研究发现,在各浸入式水口条件下,位于结晶器液面1/4宽面处附近出现矢量流速向下的剪切流,同时在水口附近发现不规则漩涡.试验结果表明:浸入式水口的出口角度、浸入深度的增加能够强化上回旋区缓冲作用,降低结晶器液面表面流速;尽管凹底结构SEN能减弱钢液湍动能,但其对1/4宽面处剪切流速度的影响不大.另外,液面波动幅度和F数变化规律一致,且当浸入式水口出口角度15°、20°,浸入深度135 mm、145 mm条件下波幅与F数最为合理,从而减小或避免液面卷渣,提高连铸坯质量.      

Physical modeling and numerical simulation of electromagnetic stirring in a slab continuous casting mold

Through physical modeling and numerical simulation,the flow field in a slab continuous casting mold with electromagnetic stirring is measured under different casting parameters and stirring currents. To qualitatively evaluate the flow field in the mold,two indexes,i. e.,mold flux entrapment and velocity uniformity,are proposed.Based on these two indexes,some optimized stirring parameters under different casting conditions can be determined.     

Multiphase Flow and Thermo-Mechanical Behaviors of Solidifying Shell in Continuous Casting Mold

 The metallurgical phenomena occurring in the continuous casting mold have a significant influence on the performance and the quality of steel product. The multiphase flow phenomena of molten steel, steel/slag interface and gas bubbles in the slab continuous casting mold were described by numerical simulation, and the effect of electromagnetic brake (EMBR) and argon gas blowing on the process were investigated. The relationship between wavy fluctuation height near meniscus and the level fluctuation index F, which reflects the situation of mold flux entrapment, was clarified. Moreover, based on a microsegregation model of solute elements in mushy zone with δ/γ transformation and a thermo-mechanical coupling finite element model of shell solidification, the thermal and mechanical behaviors of solidifying shell including the dynamic distribution laws of air gap and mold flux, temperature and stress of shell in slab continuous casting mold were described.