观点

很多人觉得加拿大冰酒是世界上最好的冰酒,其实,张裕黄金冰谷冰酒酒庄出产的冰酒并不比它差。张裕冰酒和加拿大冰酒她们的酿造标准不一样;张裕冰酒的标准高于VQA（加拿大酒商质量联盟）,而且目前,张裕黄金冰谷冰酒也是中国唯一的冰酒地理标志保护产品。＂ ——张裕黄金冰谷冰酒酒庄首席酿酒师亚伯特·米兰     

追求极致之美的冰酒酿酒师——专访张裕黄金冰谷冰酒酒庄首席酿酒师亚伯特·米兰

冰酒,是葡萄酒中的极少数派,全球每三万瓶葡萄酒中只有一瓶冰酒。它精致优雅、高贵奢华,被誉为＂葡萄酒中的皇后＂。相比其它的葡萄酒,冰酒的酝酿要多出整整一季的等待,而哪怕是一个小小的意外都可能让一整年的付出成为泡影。正因为如此,对于冰酒的酿酒师而言,如果不是对冰酒的极致之美充满热情,何来这种异于常人的耐心和坚持？而在中国唯一的冰酒地理标志保护产区——张裕黄金冰谷冰酒酒庄,就有这样一位冰酒酿酒师,谈到黄金冰谷冰酒,他的眼底闪烁出的是难以言表的激情和自豪,＂我们的冰酒恢弘而丰富,美到极致＂。     

冰酒艰难“破冰”

在中国葡萄酒行业,冰酒由于价格偏高一直被视为高端产品。 中国市场的进口冰酒多来自加拿大、德国等。五年前加拿大冰酒的进口额在50万美元左右,2013年冰酒的进口额已经达到了2000万美元。从数据上来说,进口冰酒在中国市场有一个很大的增长,但冰酒的动销情况是否如表面这么热闹,炒作多年的冰酒热是否真的到来,为此,记者采访了行业内多家做冰酒的酒商。     

冰酒看涨

曾有观察人士指出,中国葡萄酒高端路线在同质化的道路上,基本上只得按照两条线索走：一条是沿着产区推进,最终形成一大片的酒庄酒群落;另一条则是特种酒的兴起,比如贵腐酒、葡萄烈酒等,其中冰酒又是最突出的代表。但长期以来冰酒标准的缺乏,使得国内市场上的冰酒产品从十多元到几十元,进而上百上千。缺乏在币场上有较高影响力的品牌,价格、质量体系混乱,这就是冰酒行业目前的格局。     

邹润芳：我的冰酒进入品牌时代

本刊2007年初在《冰酒菜鸟成长记》中报道了沈阳尼亚加拉冰酒有限公司总经理邹润芳运作冰酒的故事。当时在消费者包括业内经销商对冰酒概念都不清楚的大环境下,真正从加拿大原装进口的冰酒被淹没在真假莫辨的市场中。尽管有货真价实的美酒在手,邹润芳依然给残酷的市场交足了学费。时隔一年,邹润芳是否找到真正加拿大冰酒的生存之道？对冰酒市场走向他又作何判断？3月4日,邹润芳接受了本刊记者的专访。     

野生蓝莓冰酒发酵工艺及其香气成分的研究

目的以人工冰冻野生蓝莓为原料,在不外加糖源条件下,探究酿造野生蓝莓冰酒皀冰冻压榨、低温发酵工艺。方法通过单因素和正交试验优化发酵工艺,采用冰冻压榨和优化后皀低温发酵工艺制作蓝莓冰酒,采用传统工艺制作蓝莓酒,对2种酒按照国家标准进行感官、理化指标检测,采用气相色谱-质谱联用法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)进行香气成分分析。结果适宜酿造蓝莓冰酒酵母为GX1201,最佳发酵温度为12℃,酵母添加量为1.4%,残糖量为165 g/L;蓝莓冰酒皀感官评分优于蓝莓酒,同时经GC-MS法香气分析,蓝莓酒和蓝莓冰酒主香型一致,蓝莓冰酒含有15种香气物质明显高于蓝莓酒,拥有更加丰富皀香气层次。结论使用长白山野生蓝莓,经冷冻浓缩、冷压榨后,在不外加糖源皀情况下,酿造皀野生蓝莓冰酒,各项理化指标和感官指标,均符合标准,酿造出皀蓝莓冰酒口感醇厚,果香酒香浓郁、纯正、圆润、独特。     

中国冰酒的发展与营销需要个性化诉求

<正>冰酒进入我国葡萄酒市场的时间并不长,目前销售冰酒的也主要是一些高档西餐厅和大型超市,而原装进口的冰酒销售单价都在300元以上。近年来,随着国内消费者对于冰酒了解的逐步增多,冰酒市场正在稳步扩大,冰酒已经成为许多高端消费者,尤其是女性,在私人聚会时经常饮用的一种高档"助兴酒",在一些大城市里成为新兴的消费风潮。张裕公司总经     

冰酒要打“品位”牌——对话加拿大（沈阳）尼亚加拉冰酒有限公司中国区总经理邹润芳

从2003年起带领加拿大布洛特冰酒进入中国市场,从经销商、消费者对冰酒毫无认识起步,到冰酒进入品牌期,加拿大（沈阳）尼亚加拉冰酒有限公司中国区总经理邹润芳对进口酒的品牌运作等方面有自己的独到见解。     

加拿大冰酒考察报告

冰酒（icewine）是指以成熟后延迟至自然冰冻状态采收的葡萄为原料酿造而成的甜型葡萄酒。由于冰葡萄原料对自然条件要求苛刻,采摘条件要求高,而且酿造过程中出酒少,因此冰酒自然就酒成了葡萄酒中的珍品。世界上具备冰酒生产条件的国家和地区极少,传统上只有德国、奥地利和加拿大3个国家,     

小酌话健康——冰酒养生

什么是冰酒?冰酒最初于1794年诞生在德国的弗兰克尼(Franconia)。当时人们发现,留在葡萄树上直至第一次大的霜冻的葡萄在经过了冰冻和解冻过程之后,葡萄的糖分和风味得到浓缩。经过二百多年的发展,冰酒已经成为酒中极品,且真正的冰酒只有在德国,奥地利和加拿大才有生产。加拿大安     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the