Effect of deformation and cooling rate on the transformation behavior and microstructure of X70 steels

The effects of the deformation in the non-recrystallization region of austenite and the cooling rate on the transformation behavior and microstructure of low-carbon low-alloy steel for pipeline application were studied on the thermal-mechanical simulator Gleeble-1500. It was shown that an increase in deformation amount can greatly increase the nucleation site of ferrite when deformed in the non-recrystallization region of austenite, and an increase in nucleation ratio can greatly refine grains. When the cooling rate is accelerated, the driving force of nucleation is increased and the nucleation rate also improves. Ultra-refine grains can be obtained by controlled rolling. The high density of ferrite nucleus, which forms along the austenite grain boundary, twin interface, and deforma- tion band are introduced in the matrix of austenite by the control of hot rolling, after which the microstructure can be refined. It was found that the acicular ferrite has a very fine sub-structure, high dislocation density, and a thin slab with ultra-fine grains. Small M/A islands and cementite are precipitated on the matrix of the slabs by the analysis technique of TEM and SEM.     

20g钢珠光体球化后拉伸断裂过程组织变化

采用现场金相显微镜对珠光体球化的20g钢拉伸过程进行了原位观察,用扫描电镜分析变形组织及裂纹。结果表明：珠光体发生球化的20g钢在拉伸过程中,在某些晶粒内部首先发生变形,产生大量的滑移带,并在晶界处产生塞积。随后其它部分晶粒转动,形成对变形有利的取向,各晶粒协调变形。拉伸过程中,裂纹首先产生于试样边缘的珠光体组织。试件内部,微裂纹空洞在铁素体和珠光体的晶界处萌生,由于应力集中,产生扩展连接,呈穿晶和沿晶断裂。     

Study on M／A islands in pipeline steel X70

The free structure of M/A islands in pipeline steel X70 has been studied by transmission electron microscope (TEM). It is shown that the M/A islands are about 1-2 μm in size and distribute at the grain boundary of irregular massive ferrite or acicular ferrite in the microstructure of the steel undergoing TMCP (thermo-mechanical controlled processing). The analysis of diffraction contrast shows that the M/A islands consist of retained austenite and some martensite lamellae different in size and orientation. The microtwinning and midrib exist in the lamella of lenticular martensite, which exhibit the typical character of high-carbon martensite. The influences of TMCP parameters on M/A islands have been studied carefully. With the increase of the cooling speed, the amount of M/A islands decrease slightly and the morphology of M/A islands changes to thin dispersive short bars from thick irregular long strips.     

65Mn钢大塑性变形后的组织与力学性能

在650℃下对65Mn钢进行了C方式的等径弯曲通道变形(Equal Channel AngularPressing,简称ECAP)研究。重复挤压时试样沿轴线旋转180°再装入模具。通过光学及透射显微镜研究发现:ECAP变形后65Mn钢的累积等效真应变达到5左右,片层状的珠光体组织演变成了超细的渗碳体颗粒均匀分布于亚微晶铁素体基体组织中;变形5道次后铁素体基体为均匀的等轴晶,平均晶粒尺寸约为0.3μm。65Mn钢经ECAP变形后,硬度明显提高。     

高速车轮钢断裂韧性与组织结构的关系

以CLSOD车轮钢为研究对象,对断裂韧性水平不同的试样断口进行显微组织分析,研究组织中晶粒尺寸、铁素体含量、珠光体片层间距对材料断裂韧性的影响。结果表明,车轮钢断裂韧性随着平均晶粒尺寸、5％最大平均晶粒尺寸的增大而降低,晶粒越均匀,断裂韧性越高;断裂韧性起初随铁素体含量的增加而增大,达到一个峰值后随着铁素体含量的增加而减小;在珠光体片层间距为0．13-0．16μm的范围内,断裂韧性与珠光体片层间距的相关性不大。     

Controlled rolling and cooling process for low carbon cold forging steel

Effect of controlled rolling and cooling process on the mechanical properties of low carbon cold forging steel was investigated for different processing parameters of a laboratory hot rolling mill. The results show that the specimens with fast cooling after hot rolling exhibit very good mechanical properties, and the improvement of the mechanical properties can be attributed mainly to the ferrite-grain refinement. The mechanical properties increase with decreasing final cooling temperature within the range from 670 °C to 570 °C due to the finer interlamellar spacing of pearlite colony. The specimen with fast cooling after low temperature rolling shows the highest values of the mechanical properties. The effect of the ferrite grain size on the mechanical properties was greater than that of pearlite morphology in the present study. The mechanical properties of specimens by controlled rolling and cooling process without thermal treatment were greatly superior to that of the same specimens by the conventional rolling, and their tensile strength reached 490 MPa grade even in the case of low temperature rolling without controlled rolling. It might be expected to realize the substitution medium-carbon by low-carbon for 490 MPa grade cold forging steel with controlled rolling and cooling process.     

Microstructural Features During Strain Induced Ferrite Transformation in 08 and 20Mn Steels

The microstructure evolution during strain induced ferrite transformation was followed in thermal-simulation tests of clean 08 and 20Mn steels. The influences of carbon equivalence and initial austenite grain size on ferrite grain refinement and the volume frac- tion of ferrite during straining were inspected. The results revealed that the accelerating effect of ferrite transformation by strain was increased as the carbon equivalence decreased. However, finer ferrite grains were obtained at higher carbon content. At strain of -1 .5 ferrite grains less than 3 μm and 2 μm can be obtained in 08 and 20Mn steels respectively. Whereas the ferrite grain refinement in 08 steel was due to both effects of strain induced transformation and ferrite dynamic recrystallization, that in 20Mn was mainly due to st fain induced transformation. Heavy strain can produce fine ferrite grains in coarse austenite grained 08 steel, but it would lead to band microstructure in coarse austenite grained 20Mn.     

热加工对管线钢针状铁素体组织形成的影响

以X70管线钢为实验材料,研究不同变形量和冷却速率对管线钢显微组织的影响。结果表明,在奥氏体未再结晶区进行适量的变形,从而形成位错、形变带和胞状组织等缺陷,可以增加铁素体在奥氏体晶内的形核位置和形核率,增大相变驱动力,有利于在随后的冷却过程中得到晶粒细小的针状铁素体组织;其中变形量2ε=0.4、冷却速率为30~60℃/s（油冷）下冷却的试样,能够得到最佳的针状铁素体组织,可以满足工程上要求组织中针状铁素体占80%以上的要求。     

高碳铬钢中等温转变下的碳化物析出

本文用薄晶体透射电镜法，研究高碳铬钢和高碳铬－锰－硅钢等温转变组织的特点。发现，试样中除大量生成珠光体外，还存在两种不同形态的相界面析出一相间沉淀和纤维状碳化物。它们与同时存在的珠光体密切相关。对高、低碳铬钢中相界面析出进行了对比；讨论了高碳合金钢中相界面析出形成的条件；提出了高碳合金钢中相界面析出形成的机理。     

Influence of Asymmetric Monotonic Hot Rolling on Microstructures and Mechanical Property of Microalloyed Steel

For refining grain and obtaining excellent properties, the experiments of asymmetric and symmetric monotonic hot rolling were carried out to investigate the role of shear strain on the microstructures and mechanical properties of V-microalloyed steel. The study demonstrates that the gradient ferrite distribution and dispersive pearlite through the sheet thickness are observed in asymmetric rolled specimen, and the homogeneous microstructure with ferrite and large pearlite is found in symmetric rolled specimen. The average grain size in asymmetric rolled specimen is smaller than the one in symmetric rolled specimen. The styles of precipitate morphology in asymmetric rolled specimen are random precipitate and obvious interphase precipitate, while the ones in symmetric rolled specimen are random precipitate and unobvious interphase precipitate. The additional shear strain results in the microstructure difference between asymmetric rolled specimen and symmetric rolled specimen. The impact energy of asymmetric rolled specimen, 58 J, is more than the one of symmetric rolled specimen, 48 J. Both deflection-energy curve and fracture morphology show that the fracture style of asymmetric rolled specimen is ductile, and the ones of symmetric rolled specimen are brittle and ductile.     

Metal magnetic memory signals from surface of low-carbon steel and low-carbon alloyed steel

In order to investigate the regularity of metal magnetic signals of ferromagnetic materials under the effect of applied load, the static tensile test of Q235 steel and 18CrNiWA steel plate specimens were conducted and metal magnetic memory signals of specimens were measured during the test process. The influencing factors of metal magnetic memory signals and the relationship between axial applied load and signals were analyzed. The fracture and microstructure of the specimens were observed. The results show that the magnetic signals corresponding to the measured points change linearly approximately with increasing axial load. The microstructure of Q235 steel is ferrite and perlite, whereas that of 18CrNiWA steel is bainite and low-carbon martensite. The fracture of these two kinds of specimens is ductile rupture; carbon content of specimen materials and dislocation glide give much contribution to the characteristics of magnetic curves.     

热轧双相钢线材及其应用的研究

本文研究了热轧 F+(M+B)双相钢线材的生产及其在高强钢丝上的应用.指出在双相钢线材拉拔过程中存在于 F 晶界及尺寸较小的岛状第二相协调 F 变形.而尺寸较大的块状 M 则通过切变破裂直至破碎.这种变形机制使 F+(M+B)双相钢线材不经任何热处理,就具有总面缩率为97.6%的深加工性能,强度可达1800MPa 以上.本文还对双相钢钢丝的应用进行了研究取得了较好的效果.     

等离子喷焊ZrC增强铁基喷焊层Q345复合板的制备

对Q345钢板进行等离子喷焊表面处理,通过正交实验优化了Q345表面处理的最佳工艺参数,优化的喷焊工艺为电流60 A、焊枪行走速度20 mm/min、送粉量为35％、离子气流量为1.2～1.4 L/min、保护气流量为10～12 L/min.结果表明,Q345基板的组织正常,为珠光体+铁素体组织,热影响区处金相组织仍为...     

微碳钢铁素体区热轧试验研究

在连铸连轧生产线采用铁素体轧制技术制备微碳钢热轧薄板,并对所制备薄板的组织、性能及织构进行分析。结果表明：铁素体轧制微碳钢热轧薄板的组织为完全再结晶铁素体,平均晶粒尺寸50 m左右。相对于常规奥氏体轧制,铁素体轧制薄板的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别下降了21%和6%,延伸率略有下降。热轧薄板的塑性应变比值为0.4,明显低于常规奥氏体轧制。薄板中存在较强的{001}织构是导致值较低的主要原因。     

Development of grain boundary allotriomorphic ferrite/granular bainite duplex steel

A new hot-rolled low alloy high strength steel with grain boundary allotriomorphic ferrite/granular bainite duplex micro-structure has been developed through novel microstructure and alloying designs without any noble metal elements such as nickel and molybdenum. Its as-rolled microstructure and mechanical properties, fatigue crack propagation behavior compared with single granular bainitic steel as well as continuous cooling transformation, were investigated in detail. The measured result of CCT (continuous cooling transformation) curve shows that such duplex microstructure can be easily obtained within a wide air-cooling rate range. More importantly, this duplex microstructure has much better combination of toughness and strength than the single granular bainite microstructure. It is found that the grain boundary allotriomorphic ferrite in this duplex microstructure can blunt the rni-crocrack tip, cause fatigue crack propagation route branching and curving, and thus it increases the resistance to fati     

High performance low cost steels with ultrafine grained and multi-phased microstructure

Ultrafine grained ferrite was obtained through tempering cold rolled martensite with an average grain size of 200―400 nm in a low carbon and a microalloyed steel. Thermal and mechanical stability of the two steels was studied. Due to the pinning effect of microalloyed precipitates on the movement of dislocations and grain boundaries, the recrystallization and grain growth rate were retarded, and the thermal stability of ultrafine grained microstructure was improved. The ultrafine grained ferritic steel was ...     

薄板坯连铸连轧工艺生产的低碳钢冷轧基板力学特性

以采用薄板坯连铸连轧工艺生产的低碳钢作为冷轧基板,在实验室二辊可逆轧机上进行不同程度的冷变形,对不同变形后的冷轧板进行室温拉伸试验和显微硬度值测定,分析了其加工硬化情况,并对不同冷变形后试验钢的显微组织进行分析。结果表明:低碳钢经冷变形后,屈服强度和抗拉强度增大,加工硬化显著;试验钢的显微组织为铁素体和少量的珠光体,晶粒随着变形量的增大而拉长细化。     

07MnNiCrMoVDR钢焊缝组织与低温冲击韧性分析

采用SMAW焊接工艺焊接低合金高强度07MnNiCrMoVDR钢获得焊接接头,通过焊缝显微组织观察、冲击断口分析、焊缝低温冲击试验,研究了07MnNiCrMoVDR钢焊缝组织与低温冲击韧性。结果表明,焊缝组织由沿晶界分布的先共析铁素体、晶内的针状铁素体和粒状贝氏体构成,针状铁素体以微夹杂物为核心生长。温度为－40 ℃时,不同部位焊缝冲击吸收功随试样截取深度的增大而减小;与近表面处相比,1/2厚度处焊缝冲击吸收功损失约67%,在1/4厚度处,焊缝冲击吸收功随着温度的降低而降低;焊缝的低温冲击韧性符合要求。焊缝冲击断口的表面由凹凸不平变得比较平整,断口的微观形貌由韧窝花样变成解理河流花样。     

X80管线钢在模拟液中的电化学行为

采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜,透射电子显微镜系统地表征了X80管线钢的微观结构;采用2273恒电位仪研究了X80管线钢在库尔勒模拟土壤溶液、NS4溶液和鹰潭模拟土壤溶液中的电化学行为。结果表明,X80管线钢的微观结构由多边铁素体、针状铁素体和M／A组元组成;铁素体晶粒内存在位错胞和亚晶粒,铁素体晶界处有大量的位错缠结。X80管线钢在库尔勒模拟土壤溶液、NS4溶液和鹰潭模拟土壤溶液中的极化曲线只有活性溶解区,没有活化一钝化转变区。X80管线钢在库尔勒模拟土壤溶液中的腐蚀电流密度最大,在NS4溶液中次之,在鹰潭模拟土壤溶液中最小;X80管线钢在NS4溶液和鹰潭模拟土壤溶液中的腐蚀电流密度相差不大,但都远小于其在库尔勒模拟土壤溶液中的腐蚀电流密度。     

Surface nanostructure formation mechanism of 45 steel induced by supersonic fine particles pombarding

By means of supersonic fine particles bombarding (SFPB),a nanostructured surface layer up to 15 μm was fabricated on a 45 steel plate with ferrite and pearlite phases. To reveal the grain refinement mechanism of SFPB-treated 45 steel,microstructure features of various sections in the treated surface were systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD),scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Grain size increases with an increase of depth from the treated surface...