离子束溅射制备Si／Ge多层膜研究

采用离子束溅射方法在Si衬底上制备Si／Ge多层膜，通过改变生长温度、溅射速率等因素得到一系列Si／Ge多层膜样品；通过X射线衍射、Raman散射等表征方法研究薄膜结构与生长条件的关系。在小束流（10mA）、室温条件下制备出界面清晰、周期完整的Si／Ge多层膜。     

生长参数对Si1-xGex:C合金薄膜中元素分布的影响

用化学气相淀积方法在Si(100)衬底上外延生长Ge组分渐变的Si1-xGexC合金薄膜.本文通过能量色散谱仪乔(EDS)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对合金薄膜的元素深度分布和表面形貌进行了表征,分析研究了外延层的生长温度、生长时间对Si1-xGexC合金薄膜性质的影响.结果表明,Si1-xGexC外延层生长温度和生长时间一定范围内的增加加强了岛与岛之间的合并,促进了衬底Si原子向表面扩散、表面Ge原子向衬底扩散,且生长温度比生长时间对Si、Ge原子互扩散的影响大.     

生长参数对Si_(1-x)Ge_x∶C合金薄膜中元素分布的影响

用化学气相淀积方法在Si(100)衬底上外延生长Ge组分渐变的Si1-xGex∶C合金薄膜。本文通过能量色散谱仪(EDS)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对合金薄膜的元素深度分布和表面形貌进行了表征,分析研究了外延层的生长温度、生长时间对Si1-xGex∶C合金薄膜性质的影响。结果表明,Si1-xGex∶C外延层生长温度和生长时间一定范围内的增加加强了岛与岛之间的合并,促进了衬底Si原子向表面扩散、表面Ge原子向衬底扩散,且生长温度比生长时间对Si、Ge原子互扩散的影响大。     

Ge／Si纳米多层膜的光致发红光研究

采用磁控溅射设备，当衬底温度为500℃时，在Si（100）基片上磁控溅射生长Ge／Si多层膜样品，使用Raman和低角X射线技术对样品进行检测和研究。在红光波段对样品的光致发光进行了研究，结果表明在红光波段发光峰位来源于薄膜的非晶结构及其薄膜所产生的缺陷；发光峰的强度和峰形受Ge子层和Si子层厚度的影响。     

Ge组分渐变的Si1-x-yGexCy薄膜的制备

用化学气相淀积方法在Si（100）衬底上外延生长了Ge组分最高约0．40的组分渐变的Si1-x-yGexCy合金薄膜,研究了生长温度等工艺参数的影响．结果表明,生长温度和C2H4分压的提高均导致薄膜中碳组分的增加和合金薄膜晶格常数的减小,这表明外延薄膜中的C主要以替位式存在．C掺入量的变化可有效地调节薄膜的禁带宽度,而提高生长温度有助于改善Si1-x-yGexCy薄膜的的晶体质量．组分渐变的Si1-x-yGexCy合金薄膜包括由因衬底中Si原子扩散至表面与GeH4．C2H4反应而生成的Ni1-x-yGexCy外延层和由Ni1-x-yGexCy外延层中Ge原子向衬底方向扩散而形成的Ni1-xGex层．     

热丝CVD工艺参数对GeSi薄膜键结构影响的研究

对高H2稀释比条件下热丝CVD法制备GeSi薄膜的工艺参数对薄膜的键结构的影响进行了研究。用Raman谱和FT-IR谱对薄膜中非极性键(Ge—Ge、Ge—Si和Si—Si)相对含量的变化和极性键(Ge—H、Ge—H2、Si—H等H键)相对含量的变化进行了分析。研究结果表明,热丝CVD工艺参数对制备的GeSi薄膜中非极性键和极性键的影响规律是不同的。热丝温度和锗烷硅烷流量比(RS/G)对非极性键相对含量的变化均有影响。随着热丝温度上升Ge—Si和Si—Si相对含量均增加。随着RS/G增加Si—Si相对含量一直增加,Ge—Si相对含量先增加,当RS/G1.4时开始下降。但热丝温度和RS/G对H键的影响规律有很大不同:随着RS/G增加,Si—H键的相对含量增加,Ge—H和Ge—H2键的相对含量减少,而热丝温度对H键相对含量基本无影响。     

SiO2/Si(111)表面Ge量子点的生长研究

Si衬底用化学方法清洗后,表面大约残余1.0 nm厚SiO2薄膜.利用原子力显微镜(AFM)和反射高能电子衍射(RHEED)来研究温度和Ge蒸发厚度对在SiO2薄膜表面生长的Ge量子点的影响.实验结果表明,当衬底温度超过500 ℃时,SiO2开始与Ge原子发生化学反应,并形成与Si(111)表面直接外延的Ge量子点.在650 ℃时,只有Ge的厚度达到0.5nm时,Ge量子点才开始形成.     

SiO2/Si(111)表面Ge量子点的生长研究

Si衬底用化学方法清洗后,表面大约残余1.0 nm厚SiO2薄膜.利用原子力显微镜(AFM)和反射高能电子衍射(RHEED)来研究温度和Ge蒸发厚度对在SiO2薄膜表面生长的Ge量子点的影响.实验结果表明,当衬底温度超过500 ℃时,SiO2开始与Ge原子发生化学反应,并形成与Si(111)表面直接外延的Ge量子点.在650 ℃时,只有Ge的厚度达到0.5nm时,Ge量子点才开始形成.     

硅、锗材料在Si(100)表面的生长研究

利用扫描隧道显微镜和超高真空实验装置系统进行了Si(10 0 )表面生长Si,Ge的实验研究。分析了所生成表面的形貌、结构等物理性质。研究表明 :Si在Si(10 0 )表面的同质生长可以形成纳米结构薄膜。Ge在Si(10 0 )表面生长形成规则的三维小岛。而在Si/Ge/Si(10 0 )多层膜上生长则形成大小二种三维岛。研究表明大岛具有Ge/Si/Ge的壳层结构     

硅、锗材料在Si（100）表面的生长研究

利用扫描隧道显微镜和超高真空实验装置系统进行了Si（100）表面生长Si，Ge的实验研究。分析了所生成表面的形貌、结构等物理性质。研究表明：Si在Si（100）表面的同质生长可以形成纳米结构薄膜。Ge在Si（100）表面生长形成规则的三维小岛，而在Si/Ge/Si（100）多层膜上生长则形成大小二种三维岛，研究表明大岛具有Ge/Si/Ge的壳层结构。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from