A New Method for Determining the Depth of Cut Using Power Shovel Monitoring

The method based on the power shovel monitoring is described for determining the depth of cut and the value of power consumption depending on the rock strength and the dipper position in digging operation. The investigations into mining shovels operating at different open-pit mines of Turkish Coal Enterprises were carried out.     

Operator and dipper tooth influence on electric shovel performance during oil sands mining

A shovel performance monitoring study was undertaken in two oil sands mines operated by Syncrude Canada Ltd. using performance data obtained from P&H 4100 TS and BOSS electric mining shovels. One year of shovel performance data along with geological, geotechnical and climatic data were analysed. The approach adopted was to use current and voltage data collected from hoist and crowd motors to first identify dig cycles and then to calculate the energy and/or power associated with digging. Analysis of performance data while digging uniform material along with operator team schedules showed that the performance of a shovel can vary significantly depending on which operator is digging. Up to 25% variability in hoist power consumption and 50% variability in productivity was noted between different operators. Shovel type and dipper teeth configuration can also influence the power draw on electrical motors during digging.     

硬岩松动预裂爆破技术在岩巷综掘中的应用研究

 针对综掘巷道遇坚硬岩石切割效率低、刀具消耗量大、掘进速度慢但成本增加的状况，提出先进行深孔松动预裂爆破，再进行掘进机切割的施工方案。根据现场岩性，在理论分析计算的基础上，进行深孔爆破参数设计并实施。爆后不同孔深处实测结果表明，炮孔周围径向裂纹可见长度300~400mm，岩石结构损伤、整体强度降低，较利于掘进机切割；平均每班可多进尺0.4~0.5m，切割速度提高20~40%，刀具消耗降低了30~40%。同时，减少了粉尘，改善了工作环境，试验研究取得了良好的效果。     

Performance monitoring of electric cable shovels

A shovel performance monitoring study at an oil sands mine used current and voltage data from hoist, crowd and swing motors of P&H 4100 series electric cable shovels. The goal was to identify key shovel performance indicators using only data from the motors. It was found that hoist and crowd motor responses can be used to identify different shovel activities, especially the dig cycle. Some key shovel performance indicators examined are the dig cycle time, digging energy and digging power. By averaging the hoist power over a number of dig cycles, the average hoist power is less sensitive to digging trajectory and could be a useful parameter for assessing ground diggability characteristics. Analysis of performance indicators showed that the shovel performance can be significantly influenced by the operator. The study revealed that freezing temperatures can have a minor and localized influence on shovel performance.     

Identification of indurated siltstone layers in advance of oil sands mining

Abstract

Indurated siltstone layers within both overburden and oil sands adversely affect rock handling productivity and maintenance at the Suncor mine. Drill performance monitoring and borehole geophysics have been used in the past to locate and characterize these hard layers at Suncor. The capabilities of both analog-and digital-based drill monitoring systems for the characterization of rock hardness are reviewed with reference to, Suncor and other mine studies. Particular reference is given to the alternative drilling-derived parameters to identify such zones and focuses on current studies at Suncor. This work relates to the development of diggability criteria and the subsequent ability to generate depth contour and thickness isopach plans for difficult bucket wheel and shovel digging conditions for mine planning.     

逐孔起爆技术在广信青洲水泥矿山应用分析

广信青洲水泥矿山现有爆破方式存在爆破振动大,爆堆挖掘效率低,及矿石破碎环节电耗高等问题。引入了高精度导爆管雷管实现逐孔起爆方式,对现有起爆方式进行升级改造。在爆区设计中,引入了三维激光扫描仪对爆区进行了整体优化,以控制前排最小抵抗线及爆区内等时线均匀度。通过类似爆区肩并肩的对比试验,进行了爆破振动监测,统计并分析了挖掘机装车效率及矿石破碎站数据,证实了逐孔起爆技术应用于石灰岩矿山台阶爆破的技术优势。与现有普通导爆管起爆方式相比,可以降低爆破振动约30%~40%; 爆堆块度更加均匀,大块率更低,爆堆铲装效率提高约15%, 减少了车辆的无效等待时间;破碎站电耗平均下降了约5% 。     

岩石巷道爆破效果预测及应用效果实践研究

为更准确地预测岩石巷道的爆破效果,以提高爆破效率和降低生产成本,基于随机森林方法确定了影响爆破效果的6个关键因素：总装药量、断面面积、炮眼深度、掏槽眼装药量、辅助眼装药量、周边眼装药量,构建基于网格搜索法-支持向量机回归预测模型,以平均绝对误差和相关系数为评价指标,预测炸药单耗。建立了径向基核函数、多项式核函数和线性核函数三种核函数的支持向量机模型,并采用随机森林回归算法作为对照组。结果表明,SVR-Rbf组表现最好,在数据库和顾北煤矿实际案例的预测中相关系数均达到0.95左右,平均绝对误差也至少比其他组小一倍左右,并将最优模型应用于顾北矿岩石巷道爆破炸药单耗预测,效果良好,表明建立的Grid Search CV-SVM预测模型是预测岩石巷道爆破效果有效方法。     

提高龙首矿下向六角形进路式采矿爆破效率试验研究

龙首矿采矿方法为下向六角形进路式胶结充填采矿法，“低进尺、多循环”是多年来龙首矿进路回采的主要特征，爆破效率低。本文在对龙首矿岩体的可凿性和爆破性分级的基础上，设计了进路爆破掏槽方式，应用断裂力学理论确定了崩落孔和周边孔的布孔参数，采用大直径空孔直线掏槽全断面一次性崩矿方案。实践证明，在炸药单耗不增大的情况下，使六角形进路爆破的炮孔利用率达90％以上，单炮崩矿量平均达120t，爆破效率平均提高20％以上。     

Remote monitoring systems for high-voltage substations and mining machines at open pit coal mines

The article presents the remote monitoring systems for operation of high-voltage substations and shovels, designed at the Karaganda State Technical University and introduced at Shubarkol-Komir open pit coal mine. The systems measure power consumption parameters and controls power consumers and electrical protection. The high-voltage substation monitoring systems transmit data via rf modem, the shovel operation monitoring systems use GPRS modems to transmit data via Internet to a central operator office. In the course of trial operation of the remote monitoring systems, it was succeeded to save power owing to elimination of idle operation of heavy-duty mining machines; moreover, the scope of the continuous control covered power consumption and electric protection at substations and on shovels.     

工作面炮眼布置与岩巷掘进光面爆破技术

影响炮眼布置的主要因素是岩石性质、巷道断面的大小、钻眼设备、炮眼深度和炸药性能等。文章主要介绍了掏槽方式的选择与布置,辅助眼及底眼布置,岩巷掘进的光面爆破技术等问题。     

预裂爆破技术在岩石破碎站基坑开挖中的应用

介绍了将预裂爆破技术应用于齐大山铁矿岩石破碎站基坑的开挖中,并取得了良好的效果,达到了工程要求的标准,且经济可行.     

基于投影寻踪自回归模型的一次爆破成井效果预测研究

基于投影寻踪自回归理论, 建立了以岩石抗压强度、岩石容重、空孔直径、空孔个数、炮孔直径、炮孔个数、最小抵抗线、槽孔线装药密度和炸药单耗9个指标为输入因子, 以成井断面和成井高度为输出因子的一次爆破成井效果预测模型。搜集矿山一次爆破成井工程实例, 对其中20组不同矿山的实测样本进行了训练和检验。结果表明, 一次爆破成井预测断面与设计断面误差在2%之内, 一次爆破成井预测高度与实测高度误差在8%之内, 均满足工程要求。根据所建模型, 结合山东黄金集团新城金矿矿岩参数及爆破参数, 对该矿一次爆破成井的效果进行了预测。实践证明, 该方法预测性能好, 对一次爆破成井参数设计具有良好的指导作用, 是一种研究一次爆破成井的新方法, 具有广阔的推广应用前景。     

立井分段掏槽爆破技术应用研究

为了提高立井深孔掏槽爆破效率,减少爆破器材消耗量和循环钻爆作业时间,加快立井施工速度.对立井深孔二分段掏槽和三阶掏槽的掏槽眼直径、深度、分段数及起爆时差等参数进行了应用研究.结果表明,分段式掏槽爆破在技术上可行,经济上合理,有利于提高立井中硬岩地层深孔爆破效率,加快立井掘进速度.     

截割参数对镐型截齿截割比能耗的影响

为了研究相关截割参数对截割比能耗的影响,基于直线截割试验装置,在不同截割角条件下,使用5种不同锥角的镐形截齿对一种砂岩进行截割试验,研究了相关角度参数对截割力和比能耗的影响;在截割角为55°时,使用锥角80°的截齿,在不同截割厚度和截线距条件下进行截割试验,探讨了截割厚度和截线距对截割力和截割比能耗的影响。试验结果表明,清理角对截割力和截割比能耗有显著的影响,当清理角过小时,截齿与岩石之间产生严重的摩擦使截割力明显较大,从而使截割比能耗较大。当清理角小于等于10°时,平均截割力随截齿锥角的增大呈线性增大,随前角的增大呈线性减小,此时截割比能耗明显小于清理角大于10°时的截割比能耗,但锥角和前角对截割比能耗未见明显的影响趋势。平均截割力随截割厚度和截线距的增大呈线性增大。截割比能耗随截割厚度的增大呈幂函数减小。截线距与截割厚度的比值存在一个最优值使截割比能耗最小,此时截割比能耗相对无截槽影响时约降低65.1%。截线距与截割厚度比值的最优值为2或3,且该比值不受截割厚度和截线距的影响。这些结论对镐型截齿工作角度的设计及采掘机械工作机构截齿布置有重要的指导意义。     

基于爆破漏斗试验的大直径深孔爆破参数研究

根据利文斯顿爆破能量平衡准则, 在安庆铜矿生产现场, 进行了系列单孔爆破漏斗试验以及变孔距多孔同段爆破漏斗试验。对现场应用的两种炸药爆破漏斗特性曲线、爆破漏斗体积与炸药埋深及其与漏斗半径关系、爆破漏斗的最佳埋深与临界埋深、爆破漏斗的炸药单耗等内容进行了分析研究。据此, 确定了与矿岩条件相匹配的炸药类型, 计算选择了安庆铜矿采矿生产所需的大直径深孔爆破参数, 推荐安庆铜矿1^#矿体深部矿房采场大直径深孔爆破采用MRB乳化岩石炸药, 钻爆设计参数为: 单层药包重量: 中间排孔29～34 kg; 边排孔24 kg。单层药包最佳埋深: 中间排孔1.78～1.89 m; 边排孔2 m。分层装药高度: 中间排孔1.23～1.44 m; 边排孔1 m。分层爆高: 2.5 m。最佳漏斗半径: 1.69 m。炮孔间距: 3.2 m。 单孔控矿面积: 10.24 m²。平均炸药单耗: 0.33 kg ～0.365 kg/t 。     

A technique for ground characterization using automated production drill monitoring

Abstract

The monitoring and interpretation of production drill performance data enables a determination of rock mass strength and structure. Correlation of drill performance parameters with changes in intact rock strength, lithology and frequency of fractures has been shown to provide a means of accurately profiling variation in these rock properties with depth. Case studies undertaken in surface operations, using both analog and digital drill monitoring instrumentation, illustrate the potential of this technique for rock mass characterization in surface mine environments.     

核岛结构物在爆破震动作用下的振动响应数据分析

结合江苏田湾核电站减震沟开挖的工程爆破震动监测实际，提出了合理的结构物振动监测方法，分析了在爆破地震波作用下核岛结构物的振动加速度、振动速度、振动持续时间以及速度频谱的特征，完善了核岛结构物对爆破震动的安全控制要求。     

直眼分段掏槽在煤峪口矿巷道掘进中的应用

通过对岩巷掘进小直径中深孔直眼分段掏槽机理和参数的分析,得出分段装药利用其在岩石中的残余应力和大量的爆生裂隙,增强了岩石的破碎,同时也改善了炸药爆炸能量与岩石破碎的匹配关系,使更多的能量用于岩石破裂破碎和更少的能量用于碎块的抛掷,可增大槽腔体积,提高掏槽深度,爆堆集中,利用装岩.同时还减少了炮眼数量和炸药消耗,提高了掘进工效.     

提高岩巷掘进爆破速度和质量若干技术问题

怎样提高爆破效率、改善爆破效果、增加进尺速度、保证巷道成型,仍然是岩巷掘进爆破工作中应解决的主要问题。从炮眼的深度、掏槽爆破、光面爆破、定向断裂控制爆破等技术问题进行分析研究,提出一些有益的参考。     

露天矿复杂矿体大方量压渣爆破试验

为研究复杂矿体大方量压渣爆破在纵深方向上的爆破质量变化和矿废混合情况,在非洲某大型露天铀矿进行了现场试验,爆破台阶高度7.5 m,炮孔18排,爆破方量35万t。结果显示,靠近渣体的爆堆(松散区)在隆起高度、块度分布以及电铲效率等方面优于远离渣体的爆堆(密实区),揭示出大方量压渣爆破效果沿纵深方向变差。爆破后,试验区块矿量总体增加14.6%,品位下降4%,废石量减少28.8%,松散区矿废互混更加明显且矿岩量增加,密实区矿岩量减少。为改善密实区爆破效果,提出采取“一个爆破区块,两套爆破参数”的策略。