圆柱壳中结构振动波的传播特性

计算了圆柱壳中低阶和高阶周向模态结构振动波的频散结果，得到了相应的频散曲线。着重分析了近场波和衰减驻波的性质及其随频率变化的规律，结果表明：纵向伸缩近场波和扭转近场波都不具有通常意义上的纵向伸缩和扭转的性质，弯曲近场波则具有通常意义上弯曲性质；衰减驻波大体上是弯曲性质的驻波。文中把低阶和高阶周向模态情况下波的频散规律也作了比较。     

Characterization of Layered Cylindrical Structures Using Axially Symmetric Waves

For the characterization of the unknown material properties of a layered cylindrical structure, axially symmetric wave signals transmitted and reflected by the structure have been used. Since only a single wave mode propagates in the structure, the measurement and analysis of the transmitted and reflected signals can be simplified significantly. The evaluation of the material properties of the layers can be achieved with great accuracy. In this paper, we first derive the transmission and reflection coefficients for the layered cylindrical structure sonified axisymmetrically by an incident cylindrical wave. We then relate the spectra of the transmitted and reflected wave signals to the transmission and reflection coefficients as ratio functions. The time-domain signals transmitted and reflected by the structure can then be reconstructed from a routine application of the Fourier integrals. A three-layered aluminum/epoxy/aluminum tube is used to illustrate the application of the expressions for both the forward and inverse problems. The results show that the technique developed in this study can be used very effectively for the characterization of layered cylindrical structures.     

桩内应力波的频散现象及数学模型

本文采用广义变分原理建立了一种考虑圆杆内横向运动影响的纵波理论,用于求解锤击杆端所生成的波场.所得到的解包括两部分:局限于杆端的驻波场和具有频散的行波场;理论结果与实验结果吻合较好,对于桩的动测技术具有指导意义.     

Characteristics of TM Surface Waves in a Nonlinear Antiferromagnet–Semiconductor–Superconductor Waveguide Structure

The frequency characteristics of the transverse magnetic (TM) surface waves at mid-infrared frequencies in a layered system, consisting of YBa₂Cu₃O_7–x superconductor film bounded by a nonlinear antiferromagnet (FeF₂) cover and a resonant semiconductor plasma (In_0.53Ga_0.47As) substrate, are fully described. The permeability tensor of the antiferromagnet crystal, for the absence of an applied Zeeman field, has a nonlinear response to the intense rf field. The complex wave number of TM wave is computed by solving the dispersion equation in order to determine the effects of the superconductor and resonant semiconductor on the dispersion characteristics for both the reduced phase and reduced attenuation constants as a function of the temperature and frequency. The power flow through the waveguide structure has also been investigated. We have found that superconductors have the ability to reduce the propagation losses. We have also found that the reduced attenuation constant is highly dependent on the temperature of the superconductor.     

利用PVDF检测激光声表面波的实验方法

提出一种利用聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)传感器检测激光声表面波的实验方法,并介绍其构成和检测方法.将PVDF薄膜附在微型刀劈上,钳紧在金属固定块上,引出两个电极,从而实现信号的声电转换.利用Nd:YAG脉冲激光器激发声表面波,分别对金属铝板和缺陷铝板进行检测,得到了具有很好信噪比的超声信号.实验结果表明,信号灵敏度高,并可用于表面缺陷的检测.     

柱面面形干涉测量

介绍了一种柱面面形干涉测量方法。该方法选用计算全息片作为柱面波转换器,能够将平面干涉仪出射的平面波转换成理想柱面波前,依此为基础,建立了柱面干涉测量系统,能够实现柱面的干涉测量。为了获得柱面的真实面形误差,分析了调整误差引起的失调像差,并给出了失调像差的分离方法。最后,以玻璃圆柱体为被测样本,对单孔径面形的重复性进行验证,20次测量结果峰谷值（PV）标准差为20.2 nm,为PV平均值的0.55％。     

宽频段雷达表面波衰减特征规律研究

目标物体上表面波的衰减吸收对目标的隐身起到很大的作用.研究了雷达吸波涂层对宽频段雷达表面波衰减吸收的规律以及频率选择表面与吸波涂层相结合的复合吸波涂层对宽频段表面波衰减吸收的规律.实验结果表明,低厚度的雷达吸波涂层就可以实现高频表面波的强衰减吸收,而频率选择表面与低厚度雷达吸波涂层相结合的复合涂层与雷达吸波涂层共同交替使用可以实现宽频段表面波的强衰减吸收,有望实现目标物体在宽频段范围内的高性能均衡雷达隐身.     

Dispersion of Axisymmetric Longtudinal Waves in a Pre-Strained Imperfectly Bonded Bi-Layered Hollow Cylinder

This paper studies the dispersion of the axisymmetric longitudinal wave propagation in the pre-strained hollow cylinder consisting of two-layers under the shear-spring type imperfectness of the contact conditions between these layers. The investigations are made within the framework of the piecewise homogeneous body model by utilizing the 3D linearized theory of elastic waves in elastic bodies with initial stresses. It is assumed that the layers of the cylinder are made from compressible hyper-elastic materials and their elasticity relations are given through the harmonic potential. The degree of the mentioned imperfectness is estimated by the shear-spring parameter. Numerical results on the influence of this parameter on the behavior of the dispersion curves related to the fundamental mode are presented and discussed. It is established that the considered type imperfectness of the contact conditions causes two branches of the dispersion curve related to the fundamental mode to appear: the first disappears, but the second approaches the dispersion curve obtained for the perfect interface case by decreasing the shear-spring parameter.     

表面修饰二氧化硅微球的制备、表征及分散性能

采用一步法制备了亚微米纯二氧化硅微球及8种有机硅表面修饰的二氧化硅微球,用扫描电镜、氮吸附、零电荷点测定等方法对微球进行了表征,对比研究了微球在不同介质中的分散性能。所有微球都呈球形,形貌较好,依表面修饰基团的不同,粒子直径在0.42~0.54nm之间。所有微球均为实心,比表面积均小于21m2/g。微球的零电荷点在8.25~8.93之间变化。粒子经过表面修饰后,在不同介质中表现出了不同的分散行为,微球的分散行为可以由微球的亲水及疏水性,以及DLVO理论得到基本解释。     

Love波变分原理与Love面波法的反演技术

本文从Ｌｏｖｅ波的变分原理出发，导出了非均质地基土参数（如剪切波速度β、质量密度ρ）的微小扰动引起Ｌｏｖｅ波相速度ｃ或波数ｋ的微小变化的解析关系式，进而求得相速度或波数对土层参数（β、ρ）的偏微商．在利用面波法（即ＳＡＳＷ法）反演土层参数时，若以上述偏微商代替以往的割线法［１］［２］计算偏导数迭代矩阵Ａ＿Ｋ，不仅准确，而且可大大减少计算量，节约机时，提高反演速度．文末给出的实例证明了此法的合理性和实用性。     

纳米结构陶瓷涂层的外圆磨削力以及磨削表面精度的实验研究

使用功率计监测磨削加工的能量消耗，探讨了纳米结构陶瓷涂层的外圆磨削过程；对纳米陶瓷涂层和传统陶瓷涂层在磨削力和磨削表面精度方面进行了比较．磨削实验使用了外圆磨床和陶瓷结合剂金刚石砂轮．通过测量主轴功率获得切向磨削力，讨论了加工参数，如切深、进给率以及砂轮粒度对切向磨削力的影响．还对磨削后的涂层表面用粗糙度仪和扫描电镜进行了评估，揭示了表面粗糙度与加工参数的关系．     

钡铁氧体磁粉在液相中的分散性能

为了提高分散作用效果,选用聚乙二醇-20000(PEG-20000)、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)及二者组成的复配分散剂,利用机械球磨与添加分散剂相结合的分散方法制备了钡铁氧体浆料,通过考察分散剂的用量、浆料的pH值、zeta电位对分散性的影响,根据红外光谱分析,研究了分散剂的分散效果及作用机理,并测定了分散前后磁场成型各向异性钡铁氧体材料的磁性能。结果表明:加入分散剂可以改善钡铁氧体的分散效果,且SDS和PEG-20000的用量为钡铁氧体质量的1%和2%时,分散效果最好。SDS和PEG-20000均为静电和空间位阻稳定作用。分散后磁场成型各向异性钡铁氧体材料的磁性能得到提高。     

扫描激光激发瑞利波探测材料表面微缺陷

提出了一种无损探测材料表面微小缺陷的新方法,利用移动扫描激光线源在材料表面激发的超声瑞利波,结合自行改进的差分式光偏转探测系统接收该超声波信号,并对该探测系统的测试原理进行了讨论;在利用系统进行实验研究时观察到：当激发激光源接近材料表面的人工缺陷时,探测信号的幅度会发生显著变化．通过对信号幅度变化规律的特征分析,可以对材料表面的微小缺陷进行诊断,亦证实了扫描激光线源技术在材料表面微小缺陷无损检测方面具有的应用价值．     

层状板中Lamb波的频散特性研究

利用矩阵递推方法，建立了层状板中Ｌａｍｂ波的特征方程以及相应的位移和应力分布计算公式，由此分析了双层板、软夹层板和硬夹层板中Ｌａｍｂ波的频散特性，特别指出软夹层的存在对Ｌａｍｂ波的频散特性有显著影响。该结论对工程测试分析有一定指导意义。     

Driving Spin and Charge in Quantum Wells by Surface Acoustic Waves

Recent experiments have shown the potential of surface acoustic waves as a mean for transporting charge and spin in quantum wells. In particular, they have proven highly effective for the coherent transport of spin‐polarized wave packets, suggesting their potential in spintronics applications. Motivated by these experimental observations, the spin and charge dynamics in a quantum well under surface acoustic waves is theoretically studied. It is shown that the dynamics acquires a simple and transparent form in a reference frame co‐moving with the surface acoustic wave. The results, e.g., the calculated spin relaxation and precession lengths, are in excellent agreement with recent experimental observations.     

Precise Manipulation and Patterning of Protein Crystals for Macromolecular Crystallography Using Surface Acoustic Waves

Advances in modern X‐ray sources and detector technology have made it possible for crystallographers to collect usable data on crystals of only a few micrometers or less in size. Despite these developments, sample handling techniques have significantly lagged behind and often prevent the full realization of current beamline capabilities. In order to address this shortcoming, a surface acoustic wave‐based method for manipulating and patterning crystals is developed. This method, which does not damage the fragile protein crystals, can precisely manipulate and pattern micrometer and submicrometer‐sized crystals for data collection and screening. The technique is robust, inexpensive, and easy to implement. This method not only promises to significantly increase efficiency and throughput of both conventional and serial crystallography experiments, but will also make it possible to collect data on samples that were previously intractable.     

Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Helically Propagating Combustion Waves

In the present paper, by using a mathematical model for self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, we reveal the three-dimensional structure of so-called spin combustion wave on the inside of cylindrical sample. It is shown that an isothermal surface of regular spin combustion wave has some wings of which number is the same as that of reaction spots on the cylindrical surface and that the isothermal surface with helical wings rotates down with time. Because of this propagating pattern, in this paper, we adopt the more suitable term helical wave. We also obtain the following existence conditions of a helical wave: If physical parameters are set so that a pulsating wave exists stably for the one-dimensional problem, then a helical wave takes the place of a pulsating wave when the radius of cylindrical sample becomes large.     

Waves and singularities in nonlinear capillary free-surface flows

The problem is a free-surface flow of a fluid, emerging from a semi-infinite container. The fluid is assumed to be inviscid, incompressible and the flow to be two dimensional and irrotational. When surface tension is neglected the free surface leaves the wall of the container tangentially. We show that when surface tension is taken into account, there is, in general, a train of waves on the free surface and a discontinuity in slope where the free surface separates from the wall of the container. These new solutions include, as particular cases, previously obtained solutions for which the free surface is waveless in the far field. Although the calculations are presented for a special flow configuration, the results are general and apply to other potential free surface flows where a free-surface intersects a rigid wall.