Pareto optimality for rational comprehensive decision making

Abstract

The majority of industrial problems, like real life personal problems, involve the achievement of more than one objective, though there could be different levels of preference for these objectives. Few solution techniques would solve such problems and still retain the original images of the problems. PARETO OPTIMALITY is recommended as a tool for achieving meaningful, factual, systematic solutions to such problems, by retaining their identities, and providing a rational and comprehensive approach towards the generation of superior solution alternatives and decision maker preferred solutions.     

矿业模糊多目标群决策方法及其应用

基于矿业模糊多目标群决策过程评判指标多和定性、定量指标并存的特点，利用层次分析法建立多指标层次模糊综合评判决策模型，并构建权重分配及定性指标量化模型，集结决策群对各方案的个体偏好序，求解群体的偏好序以实现科学的决策。用本方法对某黄金矿山企业的开采方案优选进行了实例分析计算，取得了满意的效果。     

Short term mine planning at Syncrude

Abstract

The Syncrude Canada Limited Mine has been in operation for the past ten years, producing synthetic crude oil from the oil sands with a consistently upward trend in production each year. The open-pit mine currently delivers an average of 300,000 tonnes of oil sands per day to the Extraction Plant. For the mining of oil sands, the mine is equipped with four draglines, four bucketwheel reclaimer/ conveyor systems and an auxiliary production system to supplement major equipment production. Overburden is stripped by a large fleet of shovels and trucks. All these systems combined will handle approximately 325 million tonnes of material in 1988.

The effective technical support is crucial to the achievement of high production objectives. The short term mine planning functions to achieve these objectives, are performed by two groups; Overburden Engineering and Short Range Planning, The short term plans range from day to day operating plans to one year mine plans. This paper will discuss the short term planning process, the complexities and some of the challenges faced by the mine planning engineers.     

A mobile application based on multi-criteria decision-making methods for underground mining method selection

Abstract

A mobile application has been developed for selecting the most convenient underground mining method for a mine by employing well-known multi-criteria decision-making methods such as TOPSIS, VIKOR, ELECTRE, FMADM and PROMETHEE. The developed mobile application can carry out the selection process by prioritising valid alternative set of underground mining methods for taking into account some decision factors which are not considered in the conventional underground mining method selection approaches. In this way, the engineers are able to use this application for the selection of underground mining method on their mobile devices in anywhere.     

Truck dispatching in an open pit mine

Abstract

In an open pit mine operated by trucks and shovels, the trucks should be dispatched from the crusher to the shovels in such a way that the productivity of trucks and shovels in maximized while maintaining a rational production plan as well as obtaining target grades and other objectives with small variations at the entrance to the concentrator.

To solve the dispatching problem we present a three step approach. First we select shovel locations with a man-machine interactive system. This step combines operator expertise and linear programming optimisation. In the second step, we establish an optimal strategy (production plan) for a certain period of time by solving a network problem with non-linear costs associated with estimates of trucks' and shovels' waiting times and the quality objectives. The solution gives, for each shovel, the best access paths, the trucks' and shovels' estimated waiting times and an estimate of the number of trucks loaded per unit of time. In the last step we dispatch each truck in real-time by solving an assigment problem, taking into account the next 15 trucks, which are becoming available for dispatching in order to get a series of dispatches which will realize the optimal strategy.     

规划模型在黄金矿山短期生产作业计划的应用

编制短期生产计划是矿山生产与质量管理的重要环节,能为进行矿石质量、产量的控制及生产决策提供依据,能对矿山生产进行主动的事先的最优控制。在编制黄金矿山的短期作业计划时,优化配矿开采尤为重要。根据焦家金矿的实际,本文对矿山的短期作业计划建立了数学模型,并举例进行了求解,对矿山的矿床优化开采具有借鉴意义。     

An application of goal programming to production planning in the crushed stone industry

ABSTRACT

The problems facing the aggragate stone industry in Zambia such as low capacity utilization, failure to meet customer requirements, unnecessarily high operating costs, poor inventory control practices, heavy borrowing and overall poor economic performance are as a result of subjective decision-making related to production planning. This is also true of the industry in nearly all member countries of the SADDC(Southern African Development Co-ordinating Conference) where quarry closures are not uncommon.

As a solution to the problem of production planning and control in the crushed stone industry, this paper presents results of an application of the goal programming technique to a Zambian case study engaged in the production of limestone powder for the chemical industry. The formulation of a mathematical model for handling multiple objectives is discussed. The goal programming model can be used by management as a strategic decision support instrument.

Results of the study show that over time work is related to the levels of demand for each product as well as the capacity utilization of the plant. The conflicts among the various goals of the short term production plan are identified. The study suggests that goal programming can provide an improved model to solve the problem of production planning in the crushed stone industry.     

矿山管控一体化体系结构

如何实现经营决策、生产过程管理和过程控制的管理控制一体化,是矿山企业必须解决的关键问题。而基于ERP/MES/PCS结构的管控一体化体系是实现矿山安全生产、高产、高效的必备手段。结合先进管理思想与尖端信息技术,提出了矿山企业ERP/MES/PCS系统的模型架构,在此基础上对该系统的功能体系和系统目标进行了全面规划。本系统以山东黄金矿业股份公司焦家金矿为实例,进行了具体的应用研究。     

基于多目标0-1规划的采掘作业计划优化

为了满足矿山精细化管理的要求,实现生产的安全性和高效性目标,针对地下金属矿山传统计划编制时存在主观性强、实时性差、效率低、误差大以及难以求得全局最优解的弊端,以采掘车间月出矿量、月出矿平均品位、月生产利润为目标,以采场地质条件、车间生产能力、生产任务以及生产原则为约束,构建基于多目标0-1规划的采掘车间作业计划优化模型。模型采用理想点法对目标函数进行降维,决策变量为二维0-1变量,从空间和时间2个维度描述了采掘车间的生产决策状态,简化了模型的求解过程,在LINGO求解器中编写模型语言进行求解,进而得到计划周期内的最优排产方案。以某地下黄金矿山车间作业计划编制为应用案例,解算出某月采场开采的最优时序方案,并用甘特图进行直观展示。结果表明:该模型适用于地下金属矿山采掘作业计划编制,克服了手工编制方法的弊端,保证了采掘车间生产指标的动态平衡,有利于提高矿山的经济效益。     

Choosing an Optimal Groundwater Lowering Technique for Open Pit Mines

Various dewatering methods are used to lower groundwater at surface mining operations. Determining which method to use involves analyzing factors such as technical applicability, economic efficiency, and environmental protection. It is generally hard to find an alternative that meets all the criteria simultaneously, so a good compromise is preferred. We have developed a new decision support system based on a fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making method. We integrated 12 compendious decision criteria by fuzzy extent analysis to process an extensive inventory of groundwater-lowering techniques. An applied case study, Iran’s Sechahoun open pit iron ore mine, was used to demonstrate the model. The model systematically evaluated alternatives; at the Sechahoun mine, an underground gallery (with a score of 33.9?%) was identified as the most appropriate groundwater lowering method.     

Editor's Page

ABSTRACT

Data is presented from a ground deformation monitoring program conducted at a surface coal mine over a two year period. Monitoring focused on the mining of a coal measures sequence on a footwall slope. Mining plans had aimed to isolate a remnant pillar block, 12500 m² in plan, carrying a 132kV pylon tower and thus to maintain the integrity of a cross-pit power line. Pillar deformation which arose from shear on inclined strata is reviewed and related to the excavation sequence by strike cut and dip cut mining, involving remedial backfill buttressing. The monitoring program was based principally on an array of borehole inclinometers, supported by ground tiltmeter and conventional survey methods. The paper discusses the performance of the monitoring practice and strategy adopted in this mine production environment.     

灰色系统预测理论在矿井生产中的应用

矿井生产计划是一个非常复杂的问题,如何有目的、有计划、最优选择成为当前矿山企业需要解决的一个难题。在这种情况下利用灰色系统的理论,对当前的市场需求进行研究,实现未来几年的煤炭需求预测,从而为管理者进行生产规划决策提供依据。而M atlab辅助工具的使用则很好的简化了这一过程。     

Development of a 3D geologic model and database for dragline mine planning on a microcomputer

ABSTRACT

There are a large number of variables that must be taken into account for the development of a dragline mine plan. This is especially true for mining in mountainous terrain, where the geology and topography may be complex. As a result, the manual mine planning process can be very tedious and time consuming

An interactive computer package was developed in order to aid the engineer with dragline mine planning on a PC based system. This package employs recent advances in 3D computer graphics and 3D geologic modelling to help with the visualization of the mine plan and to speed up the planning process

One of the main difficulty with the development of mine planning software for microcomputers is due to the limited amount of available RAM (Random Access Memory). This, in turn, affects the speed of information retrieval from the database and the speed of data processing. A compact geologic and mine model and an efficient database were developed to overcome these limitations. These components where then used as the foundation for the development of a total interactive mine planning package.     

某矿山采场充填工艺技术研究

应用充填采矿法矿山的采场充填工艺方案的合理性,是保障采场充填质量的关键;本文分别从充填参数的选择、井下充填管路设计、井下采场充填关键工序方法等方面进行系统论证采场充填工艺,并根据某矿山开采方案及现场实际情况,针对性的选择适合该矿山井下充填工艺方案,经现场生产验证,所推荐充填工艺能够满足生产需求,且充填效果良好。     

澳大利亚莫拉本煤矿长壁智能化工作面现状及思考

以莫拉本井工煤矿长壁智能化工作面为例,详细介绍了澳大利亚安全高效矿井长壁自动化技术发展现状。其作为先进的煤炭生产国,澳大利亚长壁自动化工作面采用“全自动化为主,人工干预为辅”的开采模式,并将继续提高煤炭开采的自动化水平和效率。通过研究不同采煤工艺的自动化循环,制定相应的采煤机状态表,配合调整液压支架电液控程序,能够实现采煤工艺的全自动化。设备及系统的可靠性是实现采煤工艺全自动化的基础,莫拉本井工矿采用成套的开采设备,将预防性检修工作纳入设备生命周期计划内,根据设备生产能力,通过自动化程序设置各类限制条件避免设备超负荷运转。     

Genetic algorithm to simultaneously optimise stope sequencing and equipment dispatching in underground short-term mine planning under time uncertainty

ABSTRACT

The main issue in short-term planning optimisation for underground mining is organising the mining process with limited resources in the form of equipment and materials to satisfy production targets and stable feed grade requirements. In this paper, an integrated optimisation model is proposed based on an individual generation algorithm and an improved Genetic Algorithm to simultaneously optimise stope extraction sequencing and timing, extracted ore grade and equipment dispatching. The model objectives are to shorten the time gap between the stope mining processes and the overall working time. When the uncertainty of equipment working time is taken into account in a short-term scheduling model, the Monte Carlo simulation is applied to evaluate the risk of not meeting the production target. A modification strategy is defined to evaluate equipment failure. Consequently, any available equipment is automatically reassigned to the mining site to replace the broken-down equipment. A case study is used to validate the model in the Sanshandao gold mine of China to formulate an optimal monthly schedule. Compared with the conventional approach, the new model could reduce the variance of ore tonnage and feed grade and improve the equipment allocation efficiency. Discussions are presented to address the uncertainty.     

基于粗糙集的数据挖掘系统在安全决策中的应用

我国许多大、中型煤矿都建立了通风安全监测系统、井下突水监控系统、井下煤与瓦斯突出监测系统等煤炭安全决策系统,这些系统中积累了大量的原始数据。如何将数据演变成可以科学决策的信息是煤矿安全生产要考虑的问题。粗糙集理论作为能够定量分析不确定和不完备信息与知识的方法,为数据挖掘提供了一种新的方法。为了更好地解决在决策表不完备和不一致情况下的推理和决策问题,提出了一种基于属性简约的缺省规则挖掘模型。最后设计出了基于粗糙集的数据挖掘系统,将其应用到井下工作面瓦斯涌出量数据挖掘分析中,取得了不错的效果。     

基于数据挖掘技术的煤矿远程监控系统研究

基于数据挖掘技术的煤矿远程监控系统在煤矿生产过程中的应用,不仅解决了复杂的数据统计问题,也提高了数据分析的效率和深度,为决策者提供了建议,更加保证了煤矿生产的安全性。文章首先介绍了系统网络的运行结构,然后说明了系统的体系结构,最后介绍了数据挖掘技术在煤矿远程监控系统中的应用。     

矿山生产能力可信度的Monte Carlo模拟与应用研究

地下矿山生产能力的设计具有广泛的不确定性,为减少生产能力决策风险,建立了矿山生产能力可信度的Monte Carlo模拟方法。以黑龙江某钼矿首采中段的生产能力方案模拟为例,分别进行了按同时回采矿块数、矿山开采年下降速度和新水平准备时间的生产能力可信度的Monte Carlo方法模拟,综合分析表明,300×10~4 t/a、500×10~4 t/a、750×10~4 t/a的矿山生产能力方案的可信度分别为100%、99.1%~88.4%、84.0%~9.85%,模拟结果可为生产能力设计提供参考。     

基于AHP-GRAP法的露天矿采排方案优选

为了解决安太堡露天矿采排方案优化问题,建立了AHP-GRAP综合评价模型,对备选的采排方案进行综合评判优选。以生产剥采比、采煤运距、剥离运距、剥离提升高度、内排土场边坡稳定安全系数为评判指标,采用三维建模和模拟开采技术计算相应工程量来确定各指标参数值,通过层次分析法客观地确定各个评判指标的权重,而后根据灰色综合评价法给出由准则层中个评判指标重要度组成的待检模式向量和由方案层中各因素相对权重组成的优选特征矩阵,通过关联度计算确定三种方案基于评判指标的综合评价值。结果表明：北部超前开采方案最优。