碳纳米管及其复合材料的制备与性能研究进展

介绍了碳纳米管的制备、纯化和功能化修饰方法,碳纳米管/聚合物复合材料的制备主要有溶液共混法、固相加热共融法和原位聚合法,以及复合材料的力学性能、导电性能和光电性能,指出碳纳米管与聚合物的详细复合机理尚待重点研究.     

聚合物/碳纳米管复合材料的研究进展

从碳纳米管的结构性能、制备方法以及聚合物/碳纳米管(CNTs)复合材料的制备、性能与应用等方面,介绍了目前国内外聚合物/碳纳米管(CNTs)复合材料的研究热点。同时,对聚合物/碳纳米管(CNTs)复合材料在皮革涂饰中的应用前景提出展望。     

溶液法和熔融法制备聚苯乙烯/碳纳米管复合材料及其性能研究

聚苯乙烯(PS)/碳纳米管(CNTs)复合材料具有独特的分散微结构和良好的力学性能、电学性能和热性能,在诸多领域均具有广泛的应用前景。本文介绍了聚苯乙烯/碳纳米管复合材料的制备方法、结构特点与性能、微观结构表征以及力学性能测试与分析等方面的内容。实验采用了溶液法和熔融法制备聚苯乙烯/碳纳米管复合材料,并对其性能进行了表征,结果表明复合膜力学性能得到了改善,导电性随碳纳米管含量的提高不断增强,接触角增大,亲水性能变弱。     

碳纳米管基吸波复合材料的制备及其在纺织领域的应用研究进展

为有效解决碳纳米管在电磁吸波领域存在磁损耗性能弱和阻抗不匹配的问题,综述了近期国内外碳纳米管和磁性金属类复合材料电磁波吸收性能的最新研究进展.首先介绍了碳纳米管的吸波机制;其次围绕碳纳米管进行分析,详细总结了碳纳米管和磁性金属及其金属化合物复合材料的制备方法、影响因素、吸波机制和吸波效果,同时阐述了其在纺织领域的制备及...     

碳纳米管增韧氮化硅陶瓷复合材料的研究

纳米管是一种常见的复合材料,金属陶瓷、氮化硅和碳化硅陶瓷等高分子聚合物和陶瓷等成为复合材料体系中的重要组成部分,其具有优异的性能,以增强体极限的形式存在,有较强的增强增韧的效果。因此,文章针对碳纳米管增韧氮化硅陶瓷复合材料的研究,从而发挥碳纳米管的潜能。     

石墨烯/聚合物复合材料的研究进展

近几年,随着石墨烯/聚合物复合材料应用领域的逐渐拓展,其应用进展和应用前景也受到了人们的广泛重视。因此,本文就石墨烯/聚合物复合材料的研究进展进行综合分析,从石墨烯/聚合物复合材料组成、石墨烯/聚合物复合材料制备方法、石墨烯/聚合物复合材料结构和性能三个研究角度出发,分别对石墨烯/聚合物复合材料的研究进行深入分析。     

导电聚合物-纤维素纤维复合材料研究新进展

导电聚合物与纤维素纤维的复合可实现功能互补,相应复合材料具有较大利用潜力。本文概述了近年来导电聚合物 纤维素纤维复合材料研究的一些新进展。导电聚合物 纤维素纤维复合材料的制备方法有：原位液相化学聚合法、气相化学聚合法、喷墨打印法、聚电解质吸附法、层层自组装法、吸附胶团聚合法、电化学聚合法等。不同方法各具特色,亦有交叉性与重叠性。其中,原位液相化学聚合法因制备过程简单、成本较低和环境友好而备受关注,已有的研究进展为复合材料在功能纸和水体净化材料等方面的应用奠定了理论基础。在对新进展进行概述的基础上,提出了今后导电聚合物 纤维素纤维复合材料具有发展潜力的研究方向。     

碳纳米管／桑皮纤维复合材料吸波性能研究

用环氧树脂将碳纳米管和桑皮纤维结合一起制成复合材料,研究了碳纳米管材料和桑皮纤维材料的吸波性能,并分析了碳纳米管和桑皮纤维的含量比对复合材料吸波性能的影响,分析了试样厚度对复合材料吸波性能的影响。     

PLA/PBAT/CNTs-COOH防静电包装材料的制备与性能研究

可降解防静电包装材料在保留传统防静电材料性能的前提下,可完全生物降解,符合环保要求。为了制备具有优异力学和导电性能的可生物降解防静电包装材料,本研究先对碳纳米管(CNTs)进行羧基化,然后通过熔融共混法制备PLA/PBAT/CNTs-COOH复合材料。采用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对制备的复合材料的链结构和热性能进行表征,并且通过万能材料试验机、数字冲击试验机和多功能数据采集仪研究了复合材料的力学和导电性能。结果表明:将CNTs-COOH引入PLA/PBAT体系中,可在不降低拉伸强度的同时,有效提高冲击强度,降低表面电阻率,CNTs-COOH的最佳添加量为1wt%~1.5wt%。该PLA/PBAT/CNTs-COOH复合材料可用于静电敏感产品的防静电包装。     

聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料及其在包装中的应用

纳米技术是一项前沿科学技术,目前,聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料是重要的工程材料之一。由于蒙脱土的特殊结构,对蒙脱土进行有机改性后,聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的各项性能均得到较大改善。解读聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的主要制备方法、结构表征与性能,以及聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料在包装领域的应用,并且对将来开发出具有特殊功能的高性能聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料进行了展望。     

Probiotics and prebiotics--perspectives and challenges

Owing to their health benefits, probiotics and prebiotics are nowadays widely used in yogurts and fermented milks, which are leader products of functional foods worldwide. The world market for functional foods has grown rapidly in the last three decades, with an estimated size in 2003 of ca US$ 33 billion, while the European market estimation exceeded US$ 2 billion in the same year. However, the production of probiotics and prebiotics at industrial scale faces several challenges, including the search for economical and abundant raw materials for prebiotic production, the low-cost production of probiotics and the improvement of probiotic viability after storage or during the manufacturing process of the functional food. In this review, functional foods based on probiotics and prebiotics are introduced as a key biotechnological field with tremendous potential for innovation. A concise state of the art addressing the fundamentals and challenges for the development of new probiotic- and prebiotic-based foods is presented, the niches for future research being clearly identified and discussed.     

常用消毒灭菌法及其机理与应用

介绍了采用消毒灭菌方法,有加热消毒法,紫外线辐射法和化学药剂消毒法。常用化学药剂有醛类、含氯消毒剂、醇类消毒剂以及高锰酸钾、生石灰等,阐释了消毒与灭菌两个概念的区别。     

European citizen and consumer attitudes and preferences regarding beef and pork

This paper presents the combined mid-term findings of the consumer research components of two EU Sixth Framework Programme integrated projects concerning meat, ProSafeBeef and Q-PorkChains. The consumer pillar of ProSafeBeef carried out eight focus group discussions in May 2008, in France, Germany, Spain and the UK. Q-PorkChains conducted a large-scale, web-based, consumer survey in January 2008 in Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Greece and Poland. The first project provides a set of qualitative data from a small cohort of focus groups and the second a set of quantitative data from a larger consumer sample. This paper draws together the main findings of both projects and provides a comprehensive overview of European citizens’ and consumers’ attitudes towards and preferences regarding beef and pork. In general, consumers consider meat to be a healthy and important component of the diet. Consumers support the development of technologies that can improve the health attributes of meat products and guarantee eating quality, but they have a negative view of what they see to be excessive manipulation and lack of naturalness in the production and processing of beef products. In the Q-PorkChains study consumer and citizen segments are identified and profiled. Consumer segments were built upon the frequency and variety of pork consumption. The citizen segments were built upon their attitudes towards pig production systems. Overall, the relationship between individuals’ views as citizens and their behaviour as consumers was found to be quite weak and did not appear to greatly or systematically influence meat-buying habits. Future studies in both projects will concentrate on consumers’ acceptance of innovative meat product concepts and products, with the aim of boosting consumer trust and invigorating the European beef and pork industries.     

毛霉型低盐速成豆豉工业化生产工艺与设备

本文介绍了毛霉型低盐速成豆豉的工业化生产工艺及生产线的关键设备。     

原花色素及其开发应用

对原花色素的结构、化学特性、制备、分析方法、应用前景作一综述,并重点讨论其生理功能,为在功能性食品、药物、化妆品等领域的深入研究和开发提供参考。     

益生素、益生菌与结肠癌

介绍了益生素和益生菌及其作用机理。在动物模型中，有大量的数据证实益生素和益生菌能够预防癌症．而在人体内还没有直接实验证据。它们抑制癌症的确切机理目前尚不清楚，其抑制机理可能是：肠道菌群代谢活动的改变，肠道理化环境的改变，潜在的致癌物质的黏附和降解，肠道菌群的改变、抗癌或抗诱变物质的形成、提高宿主的免疫应答、影响宿主的生理活动以及发酵不能被消化的食物并形成有益代谢产物。     

组学技术与果蔬采后质量和安全控制

果蔬可以提供营养, 有利于人类健康, 而果蔬的后熟及其与环境的相互作用会影响果蔬采后的质量和安全。对果蔬生物学过程的了解和掌握是减少果蔬采后损失和保障果蔬采后质量和安全的关键。在过去的10多年, 基于组学技术的系统生物学在了解果蔬后熟及其与环境相互作用的分子机制方面得到了越来越多的应用。本文对此做了细致的总结, 指出了存在的不足, 并提出了未来的发展方向。     

天然香精香料与生物技术

天然香精香料是高价值的精细化工产品和食品添加剂,但原料来源有限且提取成本高。利用生物技术生产这类产品具有广阔的前景。简述了发酵工程、酶工程、细胞工程和基因工程在香精香料中的应用,并探讨了生物技术在香精香料中的应用前景。     

节能节水型印染助剂和设备的现状

从节能、节水、缩短工艺流程和环保的角度出发,介绍了国内外研制开发的一系列新型节能、节水型印染助剂和染整设备。     

Heritability and correlations for body condition score and dairy form within and across lactation and age

The objectives of the current study were to investigate the relationship between body condition score (BCS) and dairy form and changes in genetic parameters for BCS and dairy form within and across lactations and age. Body condition score and dairy form were obtained from the Holstein Association USA, Inc. Records were edited to include those cows classified between 24 and 60 mo of age and between 0 and 335 d in milk (DIM). A minimum of 20 daughters per sire and 15 cows per herd-classification visit were required. The dataset consisted of 135,178 records from 119,215 cows. Repeatability, multiple trait, and random regression models were used to analyze the data. All models included fixed effects for herd-classification visit, age within lactations 1, 2, and 3 or higher, and 5th-order polynomials for DIM. Random effects included sire and permanent environment for all models. Random regression models included age at classification nested within sire or DIM and lactation number nested within sire. Genetic variance for both BCS and dairy form was lowest in early lactation and highest in midlactation. Genetic correlations within and across lactations were high. The genetic correlation between DIM 0 in lactation 1 and DIM 305 in lactation 3 was estimated to be 0.77 for BCS and 0.60 for dairy form. The genetic correlation estimate between 30 mo of age at classification and 50 mo of age at classification was 0.94 for both dairy form and BCS. The repeatability models appeared to generate accurate evaluations for BCS or dairy form at all ages and stages of lactation.