CITTASLOW: GOING GLOCAL IN SPAIN

Concerns about the long‐term effects of development based on pro‐growth capitalism and the perceived homogenizing effects of globalization have given rise to movements, such as Cittaslow (the Slow City movement), that promote alternative strategies. These movements, which exist primarily in smaller cities and towns, focus on locality, the ordinariness of place, and sustainable, homegrown economies. We make two related arguments. First, we argue that the experiences of Cittaslow towns in Spain lend support to the thesis that globalization does not always lead to a homogenized world in which the local and the global are pitted against each other in a battle of good vs. evil. Rather, Cittaslow towns actively exploit the interpenetration of the global and the local. Second, we build on this argument to show how the ways that Cittaslow towns develop through a relationship between the local and the global challenges the neoliberal assumption that growth is the key to successful development through initiatives that foster intercity competition.     

Water-sensitive planning: integrating water considerations into urban and regional planning

Water-sensitive planning (WSP) is an approach to sustainable development that integrates water considerations into urban and regional planning. Following a literature survey and a condensed report of our 15 years of studies, the paper presents WSP's goals, domains, principles and practices and the paradigms that underpin them, with special attention to stormwater management. It encompasses all planning scales, from the building lot to the catchment area. The paper ends with suggested generic planning principles that evolved with the growth of WSP but are intended to also serve other domains of planning for sustainable development.     

Sustainability and the impact of Chinese policy initiatives upon construction

The environment has been perceived as an international issue, and ways of attaining sustainability are becoming important for countries seeking sustainable development. The international community has been active in developing policy frameworks towards achieving the sustainability, such as an ecological modernization approach and environment assessment. Developing countries deserve special attention in the effort to make sustainability an operative criterion in their development activities. Given the difficulties that developing countries are facing, their perceptions of the concept and principles of sustainability differ in various contexts from those of developed countries, and the attainment of sustainability is much more difficult. Therefore, the establishment of a global partnership is important for the vision of sustainability to be realized and operationalized in the world. The current stage of economic development in China provides an opportunity to incorporate environmental provisions into the national development strategies from a relatively early stage, rather than attempt retrofit to strategies. However, at present China's policy initiatives expressed in its Agenda 21 remains only a visionary concept. A comprehensive policy framework and realistic implementation measures are needed. The environmental impacts of the construction industry are extensive, particularly in developing countries. However, as in many developing countries, China's sustainable construction is still at its primary stage and current practice is unsatisfactory.     

HDB's next generation of eco-districts at Punggol and eco-modernisation of existing towns

This article presents the plans for the Punggol Eco-Town and eco-modernisation developed by Singapore's Public Housing Authority, Housing and Development Board's Building Research Institute as a model for the future development of next generation of eco-friendly homes and sustainable new towns in a dense urban environment setting in Singapore.     

城郊村镇的规划与发展

对我国目前城郊村镇的特点进行优劣分析，提出城郊村镇规划与开发建设的指导原则与实施手段，并以北京城郊的南宫村为例，介绍该村生态优先的规划与可持续发展各种措施和成就，总结指出城郊村镇的规划原则。     

The applicability of sustainable city paradigm to the city of Jerusalem: Criteria and indicators of efficiency

Making the world's villages, towns and cities environmentally, economically and socially sustainable is humanity's most urgent challenge for the 21st century. This issue has been the focus of many researchers and several studies have been carried out in order to find the closest city form to the ethos of sustainability. Efficiency is one of the main key issues closely related to the sustainable city agenda. Since the concept of sustainable city is highly contextual, this study is concerned with the investigation of the applicability of sustainable city paradigm, in terms of efficiency, to the old city of Jerusalem. Investigation is limited to one major theoretical area, city form; and two minor theoretical areas, street system and land use. In order to carry out the investigation, the study used different methods (multi-method approach) consisting of content analysis and field survey, thus, incorporating the triangulation method in data analysis. The use of different methods was inspired by the very nature of the data collected, and the local context of Jerusalem. Also, the adoption of different methods compensated for the limited sources of data and provided strength for each method. The findings provide evidence that the parameter ‘efficiency’ of the sustainable city paradigm is applicable to the old city of Jerusalem with respect to the city's form and street system, but this is not the case for land use. The criteria and indicators that were not applicable identified a number of problems in the functioning of the city. The paradigm characterized is not a healing recipe or a blueprint. Rather, it is a flexible framework or a vision out of many others and, thus, disputable. This study provides an approach, out of many others, to investigate the applicability of the sustainable city paradigm on Arabic–Islamic cities in general and the old city of Jerusalem in particular. This approach provides a flexible framework for officials and planners to work through and vision each city's own version of sustainability.     

Toward zoöpolis? Innovation and contradiction in a conservation community

The new community of Harmony, Florida stands out in the sustainable community landscape for its commitment to promoting the human–animal bond. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, this paper tracks Harmony's development from concept to community, and explores residents' perceptions and experiences of Harmony. Despite contradictions between philosophy and everyday practice, Harmony offers insights into the design of more sustainable communities built around ideals of human–animal coexistence – or “zoöpolis”.     

儿童参与视角下“校社共建”社区花园 营造模式研究

在快速城市化背景下,如何在增加儿童接触自然机会的同时实现社区花园的可持续营造成为重要研究课题。通过对儿童参与理论及国内外案例的研究分析,提出将儿童参与运用到社区花园营造中的必要性和可能性。结合在长沙市八字墙社区和丰泉古井社区开展的社区花园实践,提出"校社共建"的社区花园营造模式,并从社区花园设计、参与主体意识和多方合作3个层面提出建议,总结儿童参与视角下社区花园营造的重要意义及可行性,为后续儿童参与社区花园营造提供借鉴和参考。     

Neighborhood and Community Satisfaction in New Towns and Less Planned Suburbs

Using results from interviews with residents in two highly planned new towns—Reston and Columbia—and two minimally planned but otherwise comparable suburban communities, this report compares several measures of neighborhood and community satisfaction and attraction. At the neighborhood scale, the best predictor of satisfaction was the respondent's rating of maintenance level. At the community scale, extent of community planning in the new towns and accessibility to work and local facilities in all four communities were important components of community appeal and satisfaction.     

An institutional model for land use and transport integration

The integration of land use planning and transport planning to achieve sustainable travel behaviour has been espoused as a desirable outcome for many years. Development and establishment of appropriate institutional arrangements coupled with effective policy and planning processes is a crucial component in the achievement of this desirable outcome. The merging of the Western Australian Government's planning and transport agencies in 2001 provided the catalyst for the development of this institutional model with the aim to achieve desired land use and transport integration outcomes. The model draws together principles of transport planning, land use planning, public policy and organisational behaviour. A local case study illustrates the potential for the model's application in practice. An organisational structure is suggested that employs a matrix style approach, akin to a project-based approach, drawing on the multidisciplinary skills within the planning and infrastructure portfolio, and using the full range of non-traditional resources.     

Sustaining Rural Landscapes: The role of integrated tourism

The aim of a European Union-funded research project entitled 'Supporting and Promoting Integrated Tourism in Europe's Lagging Rural Regions' (SPRITE) is to analyse and develop the potential for better-integrated tourism in the rural landscapes of Europe. Integrated tourism can be defined as that which is explicitly linked to the localities in which it takes place and, in practical terms, has clear connections with local resources, activities, products, production and service industries, and a participatory local community. Enhancing the sustainable economic potential of rural landscapes requires partnerships among rural people and the sustainable yet productive use of rural resources. A 'culture economy' approach to integrated tourism is proposed, which emphasizes the importance of local identity, the strategic commodification of resources and of place, and the importance of extra-local forces in enabling local activities. It is suggested that this approach may represent a shift beyond more traditional approaches to rural development.     

Small Town Redevelopment: The Benefits and Costs of Local Economic Development in Alicedale

Small towns, internationally and in South Africa specifically, are generally experiencing a phase of slow economic decline. The process is not inevitable and as this paper illustrates, with reference to the former South African railway town of Alicedale, towns can be given a new lease of life. The key in this town’s revival has been the formation of a strong public–private partnerships, which has partially drawn in the community sector and focused on tourism-based development. The paper details the development process, key challenges experienced, and the results attained; it discusses the degree to which the community has actually benefited and speculates about the value of the Alicedale experience as an example for other small towns.     

城市化进程中特大城市郊区社区发展研究--以上海浦东为例

郊区社区的发展具有嬗变性,复合性,多样性和差异性的特征,在城市郊区化和乡村城镇化的双重作用下,郊区社区的发展面临困境,需树立可持续发展的理念、整体与局部利益相统的理念、政府善治的理念。     

谈小城镇建设的可持续发展

介绍了小城镇建设可持续发展的成就 ,从科学规划、合理布局、运用市场机制推进小城镇建设与发展等方面进行了论述 ,指出抓住机遇 ,大力推进小城镇建设对我国经济发展具有十分重要的意义。     

Urban Design as Public Policy: Evaluating the Design Dimension of Vancouver's Planning System

This paper examines Vancouver's system of urban design as public policy utilizing 12 principles derived from critiques of design review in the USA. These principles include community vision; the relationship of design, planning and zoning; substantive design principles; and due process in review. Vancouver's city-wide plan, neighbourhood visions and sub-area development plans provide the vision, while its cooperative planning, development levies and discretionary zoning system and guidelines support the pursuit of quality urban design. Its practices are based on generic and contextual design principles, while its processes are transparent, participative, backed by peer review, predictable and effective.     

浅谈南方新型绿色智能居住小区

介绍了“绿色智能居住小区”环境的构成，总结了“绿色智能居住小区环境”的设计原则，试图利用“可持续发展”、“人性化”原则、社区发展原则、地方性原则、形式美法则创造一个交通便利、设备先进、环境优雅的生态智能小区。     

以可持续发展理念建设特色小镇

可持续发展能力是促进特色小镇持续发展、保持生命活力的核心动力。同时,确立科学、合理的考核评价其建设质量和水平的特色小镇建设水平评价体系,也是当前亟需明确和解决的问题。在阐述特色小镇概念、特征和功能的基础上,探索了基于可持续发展理念的特色小镇建设的思路与方法,总结了古北水镇和双廊镇两个特色小镇建设的经验和教训,并对如何进行特色小镇可持续发展评价进行了初步研究。     

建设可持续发展的生态住宅小区

对可持续发展的生态住宅小区做了详细的介绍,指出了其发展的特点和原则,纠正了一些错误的认识,提出了发展生态住宅小区必须具备的一些条件,以期促进可持续发展的生态住宅小区的建设和发展。     

From Gold Coast to Ghana: Changing political economy of mining towns

This paper explores the influence of mining activities on towns in Ghana in order to appreciate their political economy and implications for urban planning. It first provides a historical account of the relations between mining activities and emergence of towns. Second, the legal environment informing the development or otherwise of mining towns is presented. Third, implications of mining induced towns on Ghana's urban planning are discussed. Using documentary review and empirical cases of selected mining towns, findings indicate that the political economic situation of Ghana's mining industry has produced and continues to shape affected intermediate towns in five ways: 1) some mining towns are experiencing relative growth, while others are slowly dying; 2) death or complete collapse of mining communities after mining boom 3) changed functions and local economy after mine operations are closed down; 4) emergence of new mining settlements resulting from new investments; and 5) resettlement communities resulting from displacement from the harmful effects of mine operations. These factors have implications for urban planning, and this paper proposes three entry points with implications for other developing countries: a space in Ghana's urban development policy for mining towns; a re-look at the content and focus of corporate social responsibilities of mining firms; and a functional link between growth of mining and urban planning.     

以社区单元构建与公共卫生相结合的 风景园林体系

探讨风景园林与公共卫生及人民健康之间的关联,面向健康促进的居民参与性社区环境建设,提出系统有效的风景园林介入公共卫生健康体系的方法,重点在于公共卫生视角的健康社区风景园林体系构建。提出可持续开发的多维度思路,包括建立与运营管理相协调的城市风景园林体系、发展恢复性绿色基础设施、建立与社区卫生框架相一致的风景园林;尤其从社区层面探索公共卫生与城市风景园林体系的接口,提出公民管理和城市管理并行以振兴复合功能的社区,强调挖掘社区花园的康养疗愈功能和居民的参与行动带来的后景观功能,发挥风景园林的综合作用等策略。构建健康促进的社区环境建设理论框架,提高风景园林设计的综合性,提升公共健康水平。