竖向荷载作用下单桩工作性能模拟分析

为了分析单桩的工作性能，采用非线性水平有限层单元模拟桩周围土体，假定其竖向变形沿径向按指数函数变化，考虑沿径向的剪切作用及在竖向的压缩作用建立其刚度矩阵，以非线性的接触面单元模拟桩土界面的力学性能，以修正桩底土刚度的办法模拟极端阻力的非线性性能，这样建立的模拟分析方法能够较真实地反映单桩－土体系的工作性能，按此模拟分析方法模拟某工程大直径桩原型试验获得令人满意的结果。     

水平受荷阶梯形变截面桩的内力及变形分析

基于线弹性地基反力法,提出水平荷载作用下阶梯形变截面桩内力及变形解析算法,该算法假定相同土层的地基反力模量为常数. 根据桩身的变截面特性以及桩周土体的分层情况将桩身进行分段,建立各段的微分控制方程. 考虑到桩顶、桩端边界条件以及相邻桩段间的协调变形条件,推导出符合桩段挠曲变形特征的迭代关系,得到任意边界条件下的桩身内力及变形算法. 通过将该算法的预测结果与有限元计算结果以及现场实测数据进行对比分析,验证了该方法的可行性. 分析桩身长径比、变径位置、桩径比对桩身内力及变形分布的影响规律. 减小长径比,将变径位置向桩底下移,均可以使得桩顶最大水平位移减小,最大弯矩增大,减小下部桩径有利于减小桩身弯矩峰值,更有效地协调桩身变形.     

基于地基反力法的水平荷载单桩半解析解

为深入研究水平荷载作用下的单桩响应和桩土相互作用机理,引入了三参数法水平荷载桩的挠曲线微分方程;基于已有的地基反力系数为常数时桩的变形和内力的解析解,以及桩的响应的连续性,提出了半解析解.采用Fortran语言编制了计算程序,并通过特例情况下的解与已有解进行对比来验证所得解的可靠性.计算结果表明:桩长较大时,桩底的边界...     

材料及结构参数对基桩非线性纵向振动的影响

假设嵌岩桩桩身材料满足非线性弹性和线性粘弹性本构关系，桩周土为有阻尼非线性弹性土体，从而导出了分析基桩非线性纵向振动的偏微分方程；用Galerkin方法对方程进行简化，对简化后的系统进行了数值模拟计算，得到了一种典型参数情形时基桩运动的时程曲线、相平面图、功率谱图、Poincare截面图及分又混沌图，考察了各种材料及结构参数对基桩非线性纵向振动的影响。     

水平荷载下群桩工作性状的数值分析方法

利用文克尔地基模型、桩间土横向抗力折减系数及平面有限元法建立了能够反映桩—土—承台共同工作的力学模型，研究了桩距径比、桩顶约束条件及地基侧向刚度对水平荷载在各桩间分配的影响，探索了合理分析水平荷载下群桩工作性状的数值分析方法     

预制桩可打性的分析

为进一步分析预制桩的可打性问题，在一维应力波传播理论的基础上，建立了锤-桩-土三者之间相互作用模型，获得了桩端的动位移和速度的解析解，研究了施工工艺参数、桩的设计参数以及地质条件等对冲击力、桩顶贯入度和桩顶回弹等的影响，分析表明，桩垫刚度、桩锤质量对桩的贯入影响非常大．经过对两个工程实例的对比分析表明，按照本文方法计算的贯入度、锤击数和实测贯入度、锤击数之间非常吻合．     

Buckling of stepped beams with elastic supports

The tangent stiffness matrix of Timoshenko beam element is applied in the buckling of multi-step beams under several concentrated axial forces with elastic supports. From the governing differential equation of lateral deflection including second-order effects,the relationship of force versus displacement is established. In the formulation of finite element method (FEM),the stiffness matrix developed has the same accuracy with the solution of exact differential equations. The proposed tangent stiffness matrix will degenerate into the Bernoulli-Euler beam without the effects of shear deformation. The critical buckling force can be determined from the determinant element assemblage by FEM. The equivalent stiffness matrix constructed by the topmost deflection and slope is established by static condensation method,and then a recurrence formula is proposed. The validity and efficiency of the proposed method are shown by solving various numerical examples found in the literature.     

Ultimate end bearing capacity of rock-socketed pile based on generalized nonlinear unified strength criterion

In order to study the mechanism of bearing behavior at the tip of a pile embedded in rock, the generalized nonlinear unified strength criterion and slip line principle for resolving the differential equation systems which govern the stress field were applied to derive the ultimate end bearing capacity based on some reasonable hypothesis and failure plane model. Both numerical simulation and test results were compared with the theoretic solution. The results show good consistency with each other and verify the validity of the present approach. The depth effect with respective to embedment ratio and other influence factors like geological strength index, intermediate principal stress, overburden factor, and damage on end bearing capacity were discussed in the analytical solution. The results show that the proposed yield criterion can be much better for investigating the ultimate end bearing performance of rock-socketed pile. The end bearing capacity increases with embedment ratio and the increasing degree is influenced intensely by the above parameters. Furthermore, ignoring intermediate stress effect would underestimate the strength properties of the rock material and lead to a very conservative estimation value.     

水平受荷长桩弹塑性解析计算

针对目前水平受荷桩计算中考虑土体非线性本构关系后,导致计算复杂或参数难以获取而不易于工程应用的问题,基于线弹性地基m法和桩侧土体简化的弹塑性本构关系,给出水平受荷半无限长桩控制方程的基本解,推导不同工况下桩身最大挠度和最大弯矩与荷载关系的统一的量纲一的解析表达式,编制简单的数学程序可以方便地计算最大挠度和最大弯矩.对复杂的解析解进行简化,计算表明,简化的计算式与解析解计算结果吻合很好,最大误差小于1%,借助计算器可以进行相关计算,大大方便了工程的计算应用.     

Numeric simulation analysis of load-settlement relation of pile in layer foundation

The modern technique of pile foundation can con-struct the pile with a fewmeters diameter and tens me-ters in length.The bearing capacity of a single pile canreach to tens of thousands of kN.Therefore,it is veryimportant to simulate and analyze the integrated processof load-settlement relation of pile.However,because ofthe complexity of the soil layer around the pile and thecertain elastic deformation of pile shaft,itincludes verycomplicated pile-soil interaction.Thus,it’s quite diffi-cult t…     

不同布桩形式群桩基础模型试验研究

变刚度调平设计是2008版《建筑桩基技术规范》的重要修订内容,群桩基础变桩长、变桩距是变刚度调平设计手段之一。为了减小等刚度布桩群桩基础的差异沉降及调整桩顶反力分布,通过4组改变桩长、桩距、桩数的模型试验,对等刚度和变刚度布桩的应力位移场进行研究。结果表明：等刚度布桩中各基桩桩顶反力不均匀,差异沉降较大。变刚度布桩能调整群桩整体场刚度效应,减小差异沉降,促使桩顶反力均匀及更好地发挥地基土的承载力。     

软土中承受竖向荷载被动曲桩的粘弹塑性分析

采用数值方法,对软土中承受竖向荷载的被动曲桩的形成过程和受荷过程进行了研究．研究表明：软土的蠕变性状、初始挠度、桩顶约束条件等对曲桩受力特性有较大影响．     

径向非均质黏性阻尼土中管桩纵向振动特性

为分析施工扰动对管桩纵向振动特性的影响,发展建立了基于复刚度传递径向多圈层平面应变模型黏性阻尼土中管桩-土体纵向耦合振动模型.利用拉普拉斯变换和径向复刚度传递,得到桩芯土与桩身界面处的复刚度,并利用桩土界面上位移连续、力平衡条件推导得出桩顶动力阻抗的解析解,通过进一步参数化分析分别探讨桩长径比、桩内外径比、桩身弹性模量、土体黏性阻尼系数、桩周土施工扰动程度和扰动范围对桩顶纵向振动特性的影响规律.结果表明:管桩桩长增加使得桩顶动力阻抗曲线振幅和共振频率降低;桩芯土体对桩体可以起到减震作用;桩顶动刚度和动阻尼曲线振幅随施工引起桩周土软(硬)化程度增加而减小(增大);管桩桩顶动力阻抗振幅水平随施工扰动引起桩周土体软(硬)范围增加而增大(减小),此种影响仅在近桩小范围内较为明显,超出该范围即大幅衰减至稳定;当施工扰动较明显时,在管桩纵向振动特性分析中宜考虑此种桩周土体径向非均质性的影响.     

水平荷载作用下单桩的虚拟桩解法及参数

根据Muki&Sternberg的虚拟桩方法,将水平荷载作用下单桩的问题分解为弹性半空间扩展土和一根虚拟桩的叠加,其中虚拟桩的弹性模量等于桩的弹性模量与土的弹性模量之差。基于水平位移协调条件推导出求解桩土间相互作用所需要的第二类Fredholm积分方程,通过广义胡可定律推导出该积分方程间断点的显式解,从而提高了Fredholm积分方程的数值计算精度并简化了计算程序的编写,根据Mindlin解推导出位移影响函数,简化了位移函数的推导过程。参数分析表明,桩土弹性模量比对单位水平力作用下桩身最大弯矩的位置有明显的影响,随着桩刚度的增加,桩身最大弯矩的位置随之加深。     

Buckling analysis of super-long rock-socketed filling piles in soft soil area by element free Galerkin method

In order to discuss the buckling stability of super-long rock-socketed filling piles widely used in bridge engineering in soft soil area such as Dongting Lake, the second stability type was adopted instead of traditional first type, and a newly invented numerical analysis method, i.e. the element-free Galerkin method (EFGM), was introduced to consider the non-concordant deformation and nonlinearity of the pile-soil interface. Then, based on the nonlinear elastic-ideal plastic pile-soil interface model, a nonlinear iterative algorithm was given to analyze the pile-soil interaction, and a program for buckling analysis of piles by the EFGM (PBAP-EFGM) and arc length method was worked out as well. The application results in an engineering example show that, the shape of pile top load-settlement curve obtained by the program agrees well with the measured one, of which the difference may be caused mainly by those uncertain factors such as possible initial defects of pile shaft and the eccentric loading during the test process. However, the calculated critical load is very close with the measured ultimate load of the test pile, and the corresponding relative error is only 5.6%, far better than the calculated values by linear and nonlinear incremental buckling analysis (with a greater relative error of 37.0% and 15.4% respectively), which also verifies the rationality and feasibility of the present method.     

非均质土中基于虚土桩法的桩基纵向振动

在考虑桩底有限土层影响的情况下,研究非均质土中桩在纵向振动荷载作用下的动力特性.在将桩截面积范围内有限层桩底土模拟为虚土桩的基础上,建立虚土桩 土、桩 土耦合振动模型,采用复刚度传递多圈层平面应变模型建立桩、虚土桩与桩侧土的纵向振动动力方程,利用桩 土、虚土桩 土以及虚土桩 桩的耦合接触条件求解动力方程,得到桩顶频域响应解析解和时域响应半解析解.通过对虚土桩参数的研究检验桩底土对桩动力响应的影响,得到一系列桩顶速度导纳曲线、时域反射波曲线以及复刚度曲线表现规律图.     

水泥搅拌桩桩土应力比研究

桩土应力比是反映搅拌桩复合地基工作状态的一个重要参数 ,也是计算复合地基承载力和沉降的重要指标 .本文通过实测水泥搅拌桩复合地基的桩土应力比 ,分析了影响桩土应力比的主要因素 .在充分考虑桩土相互作用的基础上 ,提出了桩土应力比改进计算公式 .公式计算简单 ,具有工程实用价值 .     

Stress Ratio-Strain Relation of Pile and Soil in Composite Foundation

A series of triaxial compression tests were arried out by means of composite-reinforced soil samples to simulate the interaction between soil and pile. The samples are made of gravel or lime-soil with different length at the center. The experiment indicates that the strength of the composite samples can not be obtained by superimposure of reinforcing pile and soil simply according to their replacement proportion. It also indicates the law for stress ratio of reinforcing column to soil. The stress ratio of reinforcing column to soil increases and reaches peak rapidly while load and strain is small. Then the ratio decreases. This law is in accordance with the measuring resuits in construction site.     

用有限元法求解基桩的屈曲临界载荷

基于Winkler弹性地基梁理论，根据桩-土相互作用体系的特点，考虑桩侧摩阻力、桩身自重及桩侧土抗力，并用离散弹簧模拟桩侧土的弹性抗力作用，提出了运用有限元方法求解桥梁桩基的屈曲临界载荷分析模式。这种方法具有广泛的灵活性和适应性可以考虑桩顶的复杂受力状态并具有一定的精度。所研制的软件系统BR可用于实际工程分析。     

含多个边裂纹的矩形截面阶梯形轴压柱的屈曲行为分析

采用Rayleigh-Ritz能量法推导了带多个边裂纹的矩形截面阶梯柱弹性后屈曲过程的控制方程,提出了一个带裂纹轴压柱弹性屈曲全过程的平衡路径模型,同时更正了相关文献中认为裂纹对柱的临界力肯定有影响的错误结论,并针对某一简支阶梯柱,通过数值计算得到了4种裂纹状态下的屈曲前后的平衡路径曲线。分析结果表明：当横向干扰挠度大于一定程度时,裂纹才对轴压柱的临界荷载有影响;当横向干扰挠度小于一定程度时,裂纹只对轴压柱的后屈曲过程有影响,而对临界荷载无影响。