倒置A~2O-MBR工艺处理城市生活污水脱氮除磷中试研究

利用天津膜天膜科技股份有限公司生产的中空纤维帘式膜组件,并采用自行设计的MBR中试设备构建倒置A2 O-MBR工艺处理城市生活污水.结果表明,该工艺的产水COD、NH3—N、TN、TP平均值分别为22.23mg/L、1.89mg/L、14.96mg/L、0.38mg/L,去除率分别为91.49%、94.5%、63.4%、87.3%,出水浊度0.19NTU.出水主要水质指标在系统运行正常时可以达到《城镇污水厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)一级A标准.一般情况下,出水水质可以保证符合一级B标准的要求.对于已污染的膜,采用复合碱性溶液浸泡循环清洗、碱性溶液和酸性溶液依次浸泡循环清洗两种方法可分别使跨膜压差由43kPa降至12kPa,73kPa降至25kPa,压差下降量分别为31kPa、48kPa,恢复产水.     

纳滤组合工艺深度处理微量污染物

以污水处理厂的二级出水为处理对象,研究纳滤组合工艺(微滤-活性炭过滤-微滤纳滤)对微量污染物的处理效果.结果表明,该工艺对浊度和TOC均有较好的去除效果,出水平均值分别为0.13 NTU、1.93 mg/L;对重金属砷、镉、铅的平均去除率分别为54.94%、86.73%和83.40%;对邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的截留效果较好,其中DBP和DEP的平均去除率分别为78.91%和78.95%.     

新型射流曝气外置式MBR处理乳品废水

利用外置MBR用间歇射流曝气代替鼓风曝气;射流器安装在循环加压泵吸水管上.结果表明,经优化的射流器安装方式与普通安装方式相比能耗更低,充氧效率更高.进水CODcr 平均为l 987 mg/L,NH3-N、TN(总氮)平均为100 mg/L和114 mg/L时,TP(总磷)平均为16.33 mg/L;出水CODcr,平均为24mg./L,去除率为98.67％;出水NH3- N、TN平均为15.8mg/L和20 mg/L,去除率分别为84.33％和82％;出水TP平均为2.72 mg/L,去除率83.37％.     

混凝-粉末活性炭吸附-超滤工艺去除砂滤池反洗水溶解性有机物

通过混凝-粉末活性炭(PAC)吸附-浸没式超滤膜(UF)组合工艺去除砂滤池反洗水(FBWW)中溶解性有机物(DOM),以降低后续回用过程中消毒副产物(DBPs)生成量。试验对3种混凝药剂——聚合硫酸铁(PFS)、三氯化铁(FeCl3)、聚合氯化铝(PACl)处理FBWW的效果进行了比较,探讨其对UV254和水溶性有机物(DOC)的去除效果。结果表明,PFS对有机物去除效果优于PACl和FeCl3;PFS与粉末活性炭混合投加可增加有机物去除率,粉末活性炭为20mg/L,PFS为8mg/L时出水浊度为0.85NTU,UV254和DOC去除率分别为43%和31%;采用混凝-PAC吸附-超滤膜(UF)处理FBWW对UV254和DOC去除率分别达到51%和41%,出水浊度为0.19NTU,UV254为0.031cm-1,DOC为2.76mg/L.此工艺可有效降低反冲洗水中DOM含量,达到重新利用净水厂废水的目标.     

山地农村生活污水无动力处理

针对贵州山区地势落差的地形条件,我们设计了跌水生物接触氧化装置,结合氧化塘的工艺处理方式处理山地农村生活污水,通过三个月连续检验设备处理的农村生活污水,监测结果:CODcr、TN、TP的出水平均浓度为42 mg/L,4.0 mg/L和0.41 mg/L,平均去除率分别为79%、69%、78%。出水水质可达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级排放标准,污水处理设备依靠地势落差建造,实现无动力消耗运转。     

低氧下膜生物反应器强化脱氮除磷

利用城市污水对一体化膜生物反应器脱氮除磷的特性进行研究,研究结果表明,当控制反应器内溶解氧浓度为0.5 mg/L左右时,系统在有效地去除有机污染物的同时,可达到较高的氮、磷去除率.CODcr进水为342～1 500 mg/L,出水均在40 mg/L以下,去除率在90%以上;总磷(TP)进水为4.08～31.45 mg/L,出水均在0.5 mg/L以下,去除率平均为96%;进水总氮(TN)为30.55～91.34 mg/L,去除率平均在70%以上.     

外置式中空纤维膜-生物反应器处理污水的研究

设计了可正/反运行的外置式膜-生物反应器(RMBR),研究了RMBR处理污水的工艺条件,讨论了膜面流速、添加粉末活性炭(PAC)等因素对临界膜通量、CODcr脱除率的影响.结果表明:在进水水质CODcr为312~584 mg/L,NH3-N为16~40 mg/L时,RMBR的出水水质达到CODcr<15 mg/L(脱除率>96.5%),NH3-N<1.53 mg/L(平均去除率>80%),浊度<0.17 NTU;添加PAC后出水水质CODcr<4.22 mg/L,临界循环比降低了10%~20%;对于已污染的膜,水反冲洗、碱浸泡后水反冲洗、碱浸泡 酸浸泡后水反冲洗可使膜通量恢复至新膜的47%,83%,94%;组件反置运行可使膜通量恢复约10%.     

曝气生物滤池处理工业综合废水提标改造技术研究

针对化学合成制药含铜黄连素废水特点,设计了铁碳微电解和离子交换组合工艺为预处理工艺,开展了小试与中试试验研究。结果表明,采用铁碳微电解池-离子交换柱组合工艺连续处理初始CODCr浓度为60 000-80 000 mg/L、黄连素浓度为1 700-1 900 mg/L、Cu2+浓度为12 000-18 000 mg/L的含铜黄连素制药废水,小试试验对黄连素和Cu2+的去除率都在99.0%以上,出水黄连素和Cu2+在1.0 mg/L和0.5 mg/L以下。中试试验对CODCr的去除率在44.0%以上,Cu2+的去除率超过79.0%。处理每吨水可回收12～13 kg铜。该工艺有较好的废水预处理效果,实现了金属铜资源化回收,可有效减少对后续废水生化处理工艺的压力。     

皮革中甲醛含量的HPLC检测方法研究

甲醛与2,4-二硝基苯肼反应定量转化为2,4-二硝基苯腙,可直接用高效液柑色谱对皮革中的甲醛进行定量测定.用外标法定量时,其线性回归系数(r)为0.9999,RSD为4.21%,最低检出质量浓度为0.10 mg/L.在样品中加入甲醛标准溶液1.00mg/L,4.00 mg/L,7.00 mg/L时,甲醛回收率分别为90.6%,91.8%,93.7%.     

浸没式新型PVC膜生物反应器在市政污水处理应用研究

利用一套浸没式新型PVC(Polyvinyl chloride)超滤膜材料的膜生物反应器(membrane bioreactor,MBR)处理市政污水,研究了该新型PVC-MBR的长期运行效果、运行状况及膜污染控制效果.结果表明:新型PVC-MBR对主要污染物COD、NH4+-N、TP和浊度等有很好的去除效果;对COD、NH4+-N去除率分别可以稳定在90%和95%以上;外加化学混凝辅助除磷条件下运行可保证出水TP小于0.5mg/L;膜出水浊度小于0.1NTU,出水水质可达到城市杂用水水质标准(GB/T 18920—2002)的要求.在20L/(m2·h)通量条件下,膜系统运行稳定,跨膜压差(TMP)基本保持在-35kPa以内,在第195天进行离线化学清洗,通过1×10-3NaClO和质量分数0.2%NaOH混合离线清洗后可以使膜运行的TMP恢复至接近新膜通量的水平.     

Treatment of bactericide wastewater by combined process chemical coagulation, electrochemical oxidation and membrane bioreactor

Bactericide wastewater (BIW) contains isothiazolin-ones, high salinity, toxicity and non-biodegradable organic concentrations. In order to enhance biodegradable capacity, chemical coagulation and electrochemical oxidation were applied to pretreatment processes. FeSO(4).7H2O, pH 12 and 20 mmol/l were determined as optimal chemical coagulation condition; and 15 mA/cm2 of current density, 10 ml/min of flow rate and pH 7 were chosen for the most efficient electrochemical oxidation condition at combined treatment. The wastewater which consisted mainly of isothiazolin-ones and sulfide was efficiently treated by chemical coagulation and electrochemical oxidation. The optimal pretreatment processes showed 60.9% of chemical oxygen demand (COD), 99.5% of S(2-) and 96.0% of isothiazolin-ones removal efficiency. A biological treatment system using membrane bioreactor (MBR) adding powder-activated carbon (PAC) was also investigated. COD of the wastewater which was disposed using a MBR was lower than 100 mg/l.     

膜生物反应器在污水处理与回用中的能耗分析

介绍了膜生物反应器(MBR)低能耗化研究进展,以吨水能耗(kWh/m3)和COD去除能耗(kWh/kgCOD)两种指标分析比较了MBR处理较低浓度城镇和生活污水、较高浓度工业废水及垃圾渗滤液等废水的运行能耗与成本,分析了MBR运行能耗构成和能耗较高的原因,并对MBR节能措施和对策进行了讨论.     

MBR在石化工业区综合污水处理中的应用

膜生物反应器是将膜分离技术与传统生化处理技术相结合的一种新型、高效的污水处理方法,具有出水水质好、设备占地面积小、活性污泥浓度高、剩余污泥量少等特点.通过对某污水处理厂选用MBR工艺处理石化区综合污水的成功运行进行分析和讨论,既指出此工艺的优势也对其存在的问题进行了分析.     

TiO_2动态改性膜应用于MBR的研究

采用二氧化钛(TiO_2)纳米粒子对聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维膜微滤膜(PVDF MF,0.1μm)和实验室自制聚砜中空纤维膜超滤膜(PSF UF,0.05μm)进行表面亲水改性,以期提高膜的抗污染能力.采用膜接触角、纯水通量、出水TOC、膜压差和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行表征了TiO_2动态膜的性能.将TiO_2纳米颗粒改性后的PVDF MF和PSF UF膜应用于膜生物反应器(MBR)处理模拟焦化废水(TOC=500 mg/L),考察了其对MBR过滤性能的影响.实验结果表明,改性后膜的水接触角明显减小,亲水性增强,TMP升高速率明显降低,模拟焦化废水,TOC的去除率平均可达95%,经返洗及次氯酸钠清洗后膜表面TiO_2层外观没有明显变化.改性后的膜组件较显著地增加了MBR的膜抗污染的优势,且具有一定的稳定性.因此,将TiO_2动态改性耐污染膜应用于MBR是可行的.     

Simultaneous methane production and wastewater reuse by a membrane-based process: evaluation with raw domestic wastewater

In this study, a membrane-based process was applied to simultaneously reclaim methane and generate reused water from raw domestic wastewater. The system was comprised of up-flow anaerobic sludge fixed bed (UAFB), anoxic sink (AS) and aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR). The hydraulic retention time of UAFB (HRT(U)) was gradually shortened from 8h to 6h, 3h and to 1h, while the HRT of AS and MBR kept at 8 h. It is found that HRT(U) of 3h was more suitable for the balancing production of biogas and volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and the VFAs served as carbon source for denitrification. The trans-membrane pressure (TMP) of the MBR kept lower than 0.04 MPa without wash or change of membrane sheet, however, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis indicated that microbes attached to the inner-surface of membrane, causing irreversible fouling after 133-day operation. The denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles of amplified 16S rDNA gene fragments proved that more functional bacteria and higher microbial diversity emerged at HRT(U) of 3h and 1h. Most bacteria belonged to Betaproteobacteria and were responsible for carbon and nitrogen removal.     

Mechanism for sludge acidification in aerobic treatment of coking wastewater

This work was undertaken to investigate the cause of sludge acidification that led to disruption of the activated sludge process treating coking wastewater from a steel-making plant in Taiwan. An activated sludge reactor (ASR) with a working volume of 80 L was used as a model system to simulate the behavior of the real wastewater treatment process. Parameters that may cause acidification or inactivation of the sludge (NH(3), SCN(-), S(2)O(3)(2-) and CN(-)) were studied individually to examine for their effects on the performance of the ASR. The results show that high loading of NH(3), SCN(-) and CN(-) did not lead to pH decrease, while the ASR attained 85% COD removal and nearly 100% SCN degradation. In contrast, when the wastewater was supplemented with ca. 1,000 mg/L of S(2)O(3)(2-), the pH dropped to nearly 4.0 in 2 days and the COD and SCN removal yields were significantly lower (at 50 and 0-20%, respectively). Thus, overloading of S(2)O(3)(2-) was apparently a key factor causing sludge acidification. The results suggest that to ensure a normal functioning of the activated sludge, the influent S(2)O(3)(2-) concentration should be closely monitored and that the pH control of the ASR is indispensable when the S(2)O(3)(2-) loading is in excess.     

可反洗平板膜生物反应器处理园区生活污水研究

就可反洗平板浸没式膜生物反应器和传统平板浸没式膜生物反应器处理园区生活污水的效果进行比较研究,发现在水力停留时间同为9.6h的条件下,两者几无区别,COD和NH3-N的去除率同样分别为90%和95%,浊度均降至0.7NTU以下,也均无SS检出,出水水质都达到国家生活杂用水水质标准(GB/T18920-2002);但前者因膜具可反洗性,可以延缓膜污染,延长系统稳定运行周期,减少化学清洗频率,既降低运行成本,延长膜使用寿命,又减少化学清洗剂对环境的污染.     

集成膜过程污水深度处理工艺

介绍了集成膜过程及其在污水深度处理方面的应用．集成膜过程是将超遽／微遽与反渗透(或纳滤)相结合，形成能够满足各种回用目的的污水深度处理集成工艺．PVDF、PP、PE、PES等超滤／微滤膜，抗污染反渗透复合膜具有化学稳定性高、耐污染、装填密度高等特点，适宜于规模化污水处理．污水处理用超滤／微滤膜以中空纤维为主，系统技术采用了低压运行、频繁(气水、透过液)反冲、气水冲洗等抗污染工艺，能够维持稳定的通量、运行维护费用较低、产水质量稳定．二级出水的集成膜系统工艺已成熟并得以广泛推广，针对原废水的集成膜工艺(膜生物反应器 反渗透)还需要进一步的工程化研究．     

Performance enhancement with powdered activated carbon (PAC) addition in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) treating distillery effluent

This work investigated the effect of powdered activated carbon (PAC) addition on the operation of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) treating sugarcane molasses based distillery wastewater (spentwash). The 8 L reactor was equipped with a submerged 30 μm nylon mesh filter with 0.05 m² filtration area. Detailed characterization of the commercial wood charcoal based PAC was performed before using it in the MBR. The MBR was operated over 200 days at organic loading rates (OLRs) varying from 4.2 to 6.9 kg m⁻³ d⁻¹. PAC addition controlled the reactor foaming during start up and enhanced the critical flux by around 23%; it also prolonged the duration between filter cleaning. Operation at higher loading rates was possible and for a given OLR, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was higher with PAC addition. However, biodegradation in the reactor was limited and the high molecular weight compounds were not affected by PAC supplementation. The functional groups on PAC appear to interact with the polysaccharide portion of the sludge, which may reduce its propensity to interact with the nylon mesh.     

膜生物反应器脱氮除磷工艺处理城市污水的工程应用

为强化城市污水脱氮除磷,研发了厌氧/缺氧/好氧/缺氧-膜生物反应器(A2/O/A-MBR)新工艺,并建设了设计处理规模为2万m3/d实际工程.对该工程的长期监测表明,出水C()D、TN、NH4+-N和TP的平均浓度分别为20.6、6.67、1.05、0.19 mg/L,优于《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》中的一级A标准...