TAED氧化法在织物退浆中的应用

将TAED氧化法用于涤/棉织物退浆处理,探索了退浆过程中PVA的降解机理。为有效退除织物上的PVA并有效降解退浆溶液中的PVA且提高其可生化性,分别研究了TAED/H2O2配比、TAED用量、H2O2用量、pH值及反应时间和退浆温度等因素对织物上PVA的退除率、退浆废水中PVA的降解率以及退浆后织物的物理机械性能的影响,通过正交优化实验确定出最佳退浆条件。TAED氧化退浆的最佳工艺操作条件：温度为80℃、时间为60 min、pH为7、TAED/H2O2配比为1/3、TAED质量浓度为0.06mol/L、浴比为1∶30。在最佳工艺条件下,退浆率高达99.7%,退浆效果很好。     

Effect of Kovar alloy oxidized in simulated N2/H2O atmosphere on its sealing with glass

The effect of Kovar alloy oxidized in simulated field atmosphere on its sealing with glass was studied in this article. After Kovar plates and pins were preoxidized in N2 with 0℃, 10℃ and 20℃ dew points at 1000℃ for different times, Fe304 and Fe203 existed in the oxidation products on Kovar surface, and the quantity of Fe203 increased with increasing dew point and oxidation time. Then they were sealed with borosilicate glass insulator at 1030℃ for 20 rain. The results indicated that the type and quantity of oxidation products would directly influence the quality of glass-to-metal seals. With the increase of oxidation products, gas bubbles in the glass insulator were more serious, the climbing height of glass along the pins was higher, and corrosion of Kovar pins caused from the molten glass was transformed from uniform to the localized.     

半短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化处理污泥消化液的脱氮研究

采用实验室规模的半短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化联合工艺,研究了对高氨氮、低ρ(C)/ρ(N)污泥消化液的处理能力.结果表明,在A/O反应器中,短程硝化在温度9～20℃、平均ρDO=5.4 mg/L、SRT值为30 d左右时,进水氨氮负荷0.64 kg/(m3.d)的条件下,经过29 d得以实现,通过控制游离氨ρFA>4 mg/L时,此后,从30—96 d,出水亚硝氮累积率维持在70%左右;短程硝化实现之后,进而实现了半短程硝化,出水氨氮与亚硝氮浓度比维持在1∶1.32左右;采用UASB反应器,接种由好氧颗粒污泥、厌氧颗粒污泥、氧化沟活性污泥及短程硝化活性污泥组成的混合污泥,在避光、厌氧、(30±0.2)℃、pH=7.3～7.9条件下,以污泥消化液经短程硝化处理后的出水为进水,初期进水氨氮、亚硝氮容积负荷分别为0.07、0.10kg/(m3.d),经过24d运行,氨氮和亚硝氮开始出现同步去除现象,195 d时总氮去除负荷达1.03 kg/(m3.d);待半短程硝化运行稳定和厌氧氨氧化反应成功启动后,将二者联立并运行了105 d,最终总氮去除率达到70%.     

CuO修饰TiO2纳米管的制备及用于COD的测定

采用阳极氧化的方法在钛基体上得到TiO2纳米管,通过氧化铜的掺杂对其进行改性．基于其光催化氧化机理,结合分光光度法,建立CuO／TiO2-K2Cr2O7协同光催化氧化体系,用以简便测定水样的COD值．研究结果表明：电沉积时间200s、煅烧温度450℃、K2Cr2O7初始物质的量浓度0．02mol／L、pH1、反应温度60℃、反应时间15min为最佳实验条件;COD在10～300mg／L范围内与吸光度变化值呈较好的线形关系,其用于实际水样的测定效果良好,相对误差在5%以内．     

Promotion effect of KOH on preparation of dissolved Fe(Ⅵ)

In order to improve the yield and stability of ferrate in solution, dissolved Fe(Ⅵ) prepared with NaOH and KOH respectively was compared in this study. The results showed that KOH is more suitable than NaOH for the preparation of dissolved Fe(Ⅵ) at temperature over 50 ℃. It is found that the dissolved Fe(Ⅵ) prepared with KOH increases quickly at first, and then slowly with the increasing concentrations of OH-and ClO-, while it increases rapidly at first and then decreases rapidly with the increasing dosage of Fe(NO3)3·9H2O. These results are different from that prepared with NaOH. It can be explained that solid K2FeO4 salts can be formed in KOH solution, and it will lower the Fe(Ⅵ) concentration, counteract the decomposition of Fe(Ⅵ), and improve the yield of Fe(Ⅵ). The maximum ferrate concentration is 0.163 mol/L obtained by 100 g/L Fe(NO3)3·9H2O and 6.16 mol/L KOH at 65 ℃. The stability of Fe(VI) is greatly improved due to the hypochlorite existed in the dissolved ferrate, and only 24% Fe(Ⅵ) has been decomposed after 16 d for 1 mmol/L Fe(Ⅵ) at 25 ℃.     

基因工程重组酵母植酸酶性质研究

对基因工程重组酵母所产的植酸酶进行分离和纯化 ,并考察纯化酶的酶学性质。该植酸酶酶蛋白分子量为 85 .2kD ;有 2个pH活力峰 :pH 2 .0和 pH 5 .0 ;最适温度为 5 0℃ ;在 3 7℃下以植酸钠为底物的反应初速度为 3 3 .5 μmol/(min·mL) ,米氏常数Km 为 0 .71mmol/L ;Ca2 +对此酶有较强的激活作用 ,Zn2 +、Fe2 +、Cu2 +、Al3+和Fe2 +对其有较强的抑制作用 ,而K+、Na+和Mg2 +对酶活性影响不大。     

非均相光-Fenton法处理废纸制浆废水

为有效处理废纸制浆废水,对针铁矿催化的非均相光-Fenton法处理废纸制浆废水进行了研究.结果表明,针铁矿与H2O2对有机物的降解具有很好的协同效应,在针铁矿200mgFe/L,H2O21500mg/L,pH3.0和35℃的条件下,经过90min的处理,废水TOC可去除67%.针铁矿用量存在饱和点;H2O2用量不宜超过1500mg/L;最佳pH为3.0;升高温度有利于有机物的降解;重复使用针铁矿仍可取得很好的处理效果.反应中,主要进行非均相反应,处理后无需增设后续除铁工序.当针铁矿和H2O2按200mgFe/L和500mg/L配比时,表观速率常数最大,半衰期最短.实验证明非均相光-Fenton法可有效处理废纸制浆废水.     

C u O - Z n O - C e O2 / A l 2O3 催化剂的催化及表征

采用共沉淀法制备了用于催化湿式氧化工艺的 C u O - Z n O -C e O₂ / A l ₂O₃ 催化剂, 采用 X射线衍射 ( XR D)对催化剂进行了表征, 并以实验室配置的苯酚溶液为目标污染物, 考察了C u O - Z n O -C e O₂ / A l ₂O₃催化剂的活性和稳定性。结果表明, C e的加入有提高催化剂体系分散度的作用; 催化剂中的活性组分 C u、 Z n、 C e分别以 C u O、 Z n O、 C e O₂的形式存在, 并成功负载于载体 A l 2O3; 对于初始质量浓度为9 0 0m g / L的实验室配置苯酚溶液, 在反应温度为1 8 0℃, 压力为4MP a, 搅拌速度为3 0 0r /m i n, 催化剂加入量为0. 1g /( 1 0 0mL) , 反应时间3 0m i n时, 化学需氧量( COD) 去除率达到9 5%。     

麦冬多糖糖苷酶的分离纯化及其酶性质

分离纯化了Absidia sp.O84s菌产的麦冬多糖糖苷酶,并对其酶性质进行了研究。结果表明,酶蛋白的分子质量为72 ku,最适pH为5.0,在pH 4.0~8.0范围内稳定。最适反应温度为40℃,在20~55℃范围内稳定。Ca+、K+、Na+、Fe3+、Mg2+Zn2+对该酶活性没有影响,Cu2+对酶活力具有抑制作用。酶反应动力学参数Vmax=0.131 5 mmol/(h.L),Km=2.375 mmol/L。     

两种类型生物制氢反应器的运行及产氢特性

为探求反应器型式对发酵法生物制氢过程的影响,分别采用连续流搅拌槽式反应器(CSTR)和颗粒污泥膨胀床反应器(EGSB)接种厌氧活性污泥,从糖蜜废水中制取氢气.运行中控制温度为35℃,通过缩短水力停留时间(HRT)和增加进水COD质量浓度的方式逐渐提高容积负荷(OLR),分别对CSTR系统和EGSB系统的产氢速率、pH、液相末端产物及生物量进行研究.结果表明,两个系统中,产氢速率均随OLR提高而逐渐升高.CSTR的最佳产氢OLR为25~35 kg/(m3.d),而EGSB的最佳产氢OLR为70~80 kg/(m3.d);此时,CSTR系统的最大产氢速率为6.21 L/(L.h),EGSB系统的最大产氢速率可达18.0 L/(L.h).稳定运行期,EGSB系统的生物量为27.6 gVSS/L,而CSTR的生物量仅为7.8 gVSS/L,说明较高的生物量是生物制氢反应器稳定运行和高效产氢的关键.两个系统均可形成乙醇型发酵,说明发酵类型的形成不受反应器型式影响.与CSTR反应器相比,EGSB反应器具有更好的耐酸能力.     

臭氧氧化灭多威效能研究

为考察内分泌干扰物质灭多威(Methomyl)的去除方法,采用H2O2/O3体系,研究该体系氧化水中灭多威效果,并在此基础上探讨反应条件对O3降解灭多威的影响,并以IC、GC-MS和LC-MS对氧化产物进行研究.结果表明,H2O2的投加并未明显提高O3对灭多威的去除;灭多威初始质量浓度3.0mg/L,O3投量30mg/L,随pH和温度的升高,去除率呈先升高后降低的趋势,在pH=9.0,温度25℃,反应时间20～30min去除率达到最高,接近89%;初始质量浓度对去除有一定影响,但灭多威初始质量浓度1.5mg/L时,去除率为92.7%,表明臭氧能有效去除水中微量灭多威,且反应条件温和;碳酸氢根也在一定程度上抑制了灭多威的去除.灭多威去除和硝酸根生成的摩尔比及产物的气质和液质分析表明灭多威可能被O3矿化为无机产物.     

Promotion effect of KOH on preparation of dissolved Fe (VI)

In order to improve the yield and stability of ferrate in solution, dissolved Fe (VI) prepared with NaOH and KOH respectively was compared in this study. The results showed that KOH is more suitable than NaOH for the preparation of dissolved Fe(VI) at temperature over 50 ℃. It is found that the dissolved Fe(VI)prepared with KOH increases quickly at first, and then slowly with the increasing concentrations of OH- and ClO~- , while it increases rapidly at first and then decreases rapidly with the increasing dosage of Fe(NO_3)_3·9H_2O. These results are different from that prepared with NaOH. It can be explained that solid K_2 FeO_4 salts can be formed in KOH solution, and it will lower the Fe (VI) concentration, counteract the decomposition of Fe(VI), and improve the yield of Fe(VI). The maximum ferrate concentration is 0. 163 mol/L obtained by 100 g/L Fe(NO_3)_3· 9H_2O and 6. 16 moL/L KOH at 65℃. The stability of Fe(VI) is greatly improved due to the hypochlorite existed in the dissolved ferrate, and only 24% Fe(VI) has been decomposed after 16 d for 1 mmol/L Fe(VI) at 25 ℃.     

3 巯基丙酸自组装金电极的制备及其对尿酸的电化学

采取自组装的方法制备3 巯基丙酸（3 mercaptoacetic propionic acid,MPA）自组装膜修饰金电极,进而采用循环伏安、交流阻抗等电化学方法对该电极进行表征,计算电极有效表面积为1.97×10-2 cm2.研究了尿酸（uric acid,UA）在该修饰电极上的电化学行为,结果表明,MPA/SAM/Au电极具有良好的稳定性和电化学活性,在pH=6.0的磷酸氢二钠 柠檬酸（Na2HPO4 C6H8O7）缓冲溶液中,相比裸金电极,MPA/SAM/Au电极对UA响应的峰电流较大.其氧化峰电流与尿酸的浓度在1.6×10-4～1×10-6 mol/L浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方程为ip/(μA)=0.738 9+0.040 46 c0/(μmol/L),相关系数R=0.998 6,检测限为5×10-7 mol/L.     

An improved sensitivity non-enzymatic ascorbic acid sensor based on a Ag2O nanowire modified Ag electrode

In this paper, the Ag2O nanowires had been prepared and applied for the fabrication of ascorbic acid sensors with high enhanced sensitivity by using self-assembly technology. The structures and morphologies of Ag2O nanowires were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The direct electrocatalytic oxidation of ascorbic acid in alkaline medium at Ag2O nanowires modified electrodes had been investigated in detail and the condition for determination of ascorbic acid was optimized, such as support-electrolyte, pH and scan speed. The oxidation peak current changed linearly with the concentration of ascorbic acid over the range from 2.0×10-8 mol/L to 1.0 mmol/L, and the detection limit can reach 1.0×10-8mol/L. Compared to a bare Ag electrode, a substantial decrease in the overvoltage of the ascorbic acid oxidation was observed at the Ag nanowires electrodes with oxidation starting at ca. 0.7V vs. Ag/AgCl (saturated KCl). The Ag2O nanowires modified electrode allows highly sensitive, low working potential, stable, and fast amperometric sensing of ascorbic acid, thus is promising for the future development of non-enzymatic ascorbic acid sensors.     

金属有机沉积法制备SrTiO3薄膜

采用金属有机沉积（MOD）法制备了SrTiO3（STO）外延薄膜作为YBa2Cu3O7-δ涂层导体的缓冲层.以乙酸锶、钛酸丁酯为前驱物配制了Sr离子浓度为0.125 mol.L-1的SrTiO3前驱溶液.研究了950℃下不同烧结时间（90、120、150 min）对在双轴织构的Ni-W（200）金属基带上沉积STO外延薄膜晶体取向和微观形貌的影响.结果表明,在950℃氩氢混合气氛（Ar-4%H2）下适宜于STO薄膜外延生长的最佳烧结时间为120 min;STO缓冲层薄膜表面平整致密,无裂纹和孔洞,具有良好取向,可作为YBa2Cu3O7-δ涂层导体的缓冲层.     

湿式过氧化物氧化法处理乙酰乙酸乙酯废水

采用湿式过氧化物氧化法(CWPO)处理乙酰乙酸乙酯废水,研究了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂和双氧水的用量对化学需氧量CODCr去除率的影响,并建立了相应的动力学模型。实验结果表明:在反应时间为150min,反应温度为90℃,铁用量为10mg·L-1,H2O2浓度31.5mg·L-1的条件下,1200mg·L-1左右的乙酰乙酸乙酯废水CODCr的去除率可达到98.5%以上。过氧化物湿式催化氧化乙酰乙酸乙酯的表观动力学方程为:-dCdt=6.205×exp(-17720/RT)C。     

催化湿式过氧化氢氧化法处理甲基橙

以Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3为催化剂的催化湿式过氧化氢氧化处理甲基橙AO52.考察了反应时间、反应温度、pH和Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3投加量等因素对降解效果的影响.结果表明,在染料初始质量浓度200 mg/L时,温度 175 ℃、压力 0.3 Mpa、H2O2 66 mg/L、pH 7、反应时间 2.0 h、Fe2O...     

光催化-Fenton工艺处理废纸制浆废水

为有效处理废纸制浆废水,采用氙灯照射下的光催化-Fenton技术,研究不同反应器、曝气、草酸钾、H2O2投加方式和废水质量浓度对光-Fenton工艺去除废水中TOC或吸光度的影响.结果表明,提高光照强度可提高TOC去除率;添加适量的草酸钾可提高处理效果;H2O2分两次投加可取得较好的处理效果,大大减少对催化剂的需求;在处理过程中使废水暴露于空气可提高有机物的脱氯效果,但曝气对处理效果并无益处.对于TOC为185 mg/L左右的废纸制浆废水,在[H2O2]=1000 mg/L、[Fe(Ⅱ)]=100 mg/L、pH=3.0、温度为30℃的条件下,经过30 min处理,废水的TOC可去除63%以上.     

液相催化氧化法烟气脱硫工艺研究

研究以Mn2＋作为催化剂的液相催化氧化烟气脱硫工艺,对解决目前中小型燃煤锅炉的污染现状有着重要的意义。针对我国中小型燃煤锅炉烟气的特点,采用了以MnSO4为催化剂的液相催化氧化烟气脱硫工艺。为了优化工艺参数,在实验室建立了实验模型,模拟现场实际运行的状况,对Mn2＋为催化剂的脱硫效率影响因素进行了研究。实验结果表明：当SO4浓度小于2000mg／m3,烟气流量1．5L／min时,吸收液体积20mL,温度为28℃,pH值5-6,Mn2＋浓度为0．12mol／L时,脱硫效率可以达到85％以上。     

嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌驯化条件的研究

随着办研究氧化亚铁硫杆菌结果表明,最佳培养温度为30℃左右,最佳生长pH为2.0～2.5,最佳生长初始Fe2＋浓为0115mol/L左右,在进行细菌培养时接种量取10%比较恰当。低pH值和高浓度Fe2＋驯化后,在培养温度30℃、初始pH值1.5、初始Fe2＋浓度25g/L条件下,氧化亚铁硫杆菌仍能保持一定的Fe2＋氧化活性,6天Fe2＋氧化率可达82.28%,Fe2＋平均氧化速率达3.43g/L/d,pH值的变化是先上升后下降,最后稳定在1.81。