基于广义周期性的单通道多分量正弦调频信号分离和参数估计

针对噪声条件下的单通道多分量正弦调频(SFM)信号,该文提出一种信号分离和参数提取方法。利用正弦调频信号的广义周期性进行奇异值分解,以求出分量信号的调制频率;通过离散点搜索,估计出分量信号的调频(FM)初始相位、调制指数及载频,并对这些估计值利用信赖域算法进行优化,减小误差;利用内积计算,估计分量信号的幅度和初始相位。此外,还利用自相关矩阵特征值分解估计混合信号的信噪比(SNR),并根据信噪比确定停止分解的阈值。在仿真与分析中,针对具体的信号详细说明了该方法的各步骤,并在不同信噪比条件下分析了该方法的参数估计精确度。     

伪码-线性调频信号快速参数估计算法

现有复杂调制雷达信号参数估计算法计算量较大,且要求部分先验信息已知,针对此缺点,提出了一种伪码-线性调频乘性复合信号的快速参数估计算法.通过建立基于循环自相关函数的统计量,估计信号的码速率;采用平方法消除相位突变后快速解线调,估计信号的起始频率和调制斜率.算法求解没有先后顺序,不存在传递误差.仿真结果表明信噪比大于等于1 dB时,算法已能精确估计出信号各参数且实时性较好.     

一种对MIMO 雷达正交QPSK 信号的参数估计方法

针对多输入多输出雷达所采用的正交四相编码信号,提出了基于循环自相关函数的参数估计方法。文中首先对正交四相编码信号模型的循环自相关函数和循环谱密度函数进行了推导;然后,依据推导结果,通过对循环谱密度函数最大模值位置的搜索完成了对信号载频的估计;最后,对不同延时条件下循环自相关函数在相位修正后进行累积,实现了对码速率的估计。仿真表明,文中算法在信噪比优于1 dB 后,可以较好地完成对正交四相编码信号的调制参数估计。     

低信噪比下LFMCW信号的参数估计

针对线性调频连续波(LFMCW)雷达信号特征参数提取的问题,提出了一种参数估计的方法。首先根据信号自相关函数的特点,进行峰值距离的平均,实现了调制周期的估计。然后通过解线调法得到信号的调频斜率,再通过共轭匹配法进行起始时间的搜索,得到信号的起始频率。与其他方法相比,该算法在减少计算量的同时,具有较强的抗噪性。仿真结果验证了该算法可以在低信噪比(SNR)下对LFMCW进行参数估计,具有很好的参数估计性能。     

基于时域平滑FFT累加算法的循环谱实现方法

当无人机处在任务路径末端,或者受到电波传输环境和电磁干扰的影响,数据链接收端信号将变为低信噪比信号,用于载波提取的锁相环性能严重下降或失锁。因此,为了保证无人机顺利完成预定任务,低信噪比信号的载波恢复成为无人机数据链的关键技术之一。本文从循环谱的基本概念出发,研究并给出了BPSK调制信号的循环谱密度函数。重点介绍了基于时域平滑FFT累加算法的循环谱计算机仿真实现方法,并利用该方法,验证了在信噪比为-10dB条件下,循环谱依旧可以准确的对信号的载波频率进行估计。     

频率估计的一种多段同频正弦信号频谱相关算法

为提高低信噪比条件下正弦信号的频率估计精度,针对多段同频正弦信号,该文提出一种基于频谱相关的频率估计算法。首先,构造加权因子对多段同频正弦信号频谱进行加权积累,得到最优加权积累频谱;然后,将多段同频正弦信号的最优加权积累频谱和累加频谱进行相关运算,得到频谱相关谱;最后,谱峰搜索频谱相关谱,实现频率的精确估计。模拟结果验证了该文算法的有效性。     

正弦调制相位信号参数估计的Cramer-Rao下限

正弦凋制相位信号是微动目标雷达回波微多谱勒信号的一般形式,微动特征提取最终可以转化为这类信号的参数估计问题.本文首先给出了目标微动背景下正弦调制相位信号的一般彤式以及各参数对应的物理意义,重点推导了高斯白噪声条件下,正弦调制相位信号参数估计的Cramer-Rao下限,得到了估计相位幅度和频率的Cramer-Rao下限与信噪比及数据长度之间的近似关系,并给出了近似所需满足的条件.最后通过理论推导和仿真计算得到了近似处理的误差曲线,证明了近似的合理性.     

线性调频-伪码复合信号参数的快速估计

针对目前算法中线性调频-伪码( LFM-PRBC)复合信号参数估计计算量较大的问题,提出了一种快速估计算法。该算法采用相关检测与解线调进行参数的估计。首先对信号进行平方以消除相位调制,然后由自相关的峰值距离估计出码元宽度,由互相关的正负恢复出编码规律,再根据延时直接对信号解线调,最终估计出调频斜率与起始频率。仿真结果表明,该算法在低信噪比( SNR)下具有较好的估计性能。     

一种基于奇异值分解的改进信噪比盲估计算法

针对空间分解类信噪比(SNR)估计算法中子空间维数估计复杂度较高,低信噪比下估计偏差较大的问题,提出了一种改进的子空间维数估计算法。该算法首先利用样本自相关矩阵的奇异值序列进行后向差分得到梯度序列,对梯度序列每一项与后5项之和的比值进行搜索,最大比值所对应的奇异值序号作为信号子空间维数,最后计算信噪比。合适数据长度下的仿真结果表明：在信噪比-5 dB~20 dB范围内,常规通信信号的信噪比估计平均偏差小于0.5 dB,标准差小于1 dB;该算法提升了低信噪比下的估计性能,运算量较小,无需知道调制方式、载波频率、符号率等先验信息,在低信噪比时对信噪比时变的跟踪估计更为准确,且对复杂高阶调制信号同样适用。     

基于循环平稳特征的正弦调制相位信号参数估计

正弦调制相位信号是微动目标雷达回波微多普勒信号的一般形式。该文利用正弦调制相位信号的循环平稳特性推导了信号的循环谱,并由循环谱特征估计信号的参数。相对于传统的频谱分析方法,基于循环谱的参数估计方法对平稳噪声有较好的抑制作用。仿真实验以及误差分析证明了方法的有效性。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.