宗地的封闭性检查①

作为GIS基础数据来源的数字地籍图大多都是基于AutoCAD平台的。和GIS数据不同。它们不注重实体间的闭合性,拓扑关系等问题。宗地的封闭性检查是CAD数据与GIS数据进行数据转换以及地籍数据入库前矢量数据标准化的重要组成部分。从进行宗地封闭性检验的技术基础、理论基础以及宗地不闭合的成因出发,探讨了进行宗地封闭性检验的技术流程,并阐述了利用AutoCADVBA作为开发语言,采用AutoCAD ActiveX技术,在AutoCAD2005平台上进行二次开发,实现了宗地封闭检验和人机互动修改的方法;解决了在AutoCAD平台下进行地籍数据入库及地籍成果输出等问题。     

基于Adobe illustrator地图出版软件

MAPublisher 7是由Avenza公司提供的针对Adobe illustrator的插件，它为地理信息系统的数据与高端图形设计、电子地图高分辨率打印、地图电子出版架起了桥梁。MAPublisher 7将GIS的数据特点与Adobe illustrator的强大设计环境相结合，使本地的GIS数据作为地图生产的基础数据。而不再需要扫描和跟踪数据。MAPublisher 7支持大多数GIS格式的输入，包括ESRI，Mapinform，Microstation，AutoCAD和USGS。所有输入的GIS数据的属性和图形参数在制图过程中都能存取和编辑。     

基于AutoCAD Lisp宗地的自动标注技术

介绍了利用AutoCAD Lisp二次开发功能快速标注宗地的界址点坐标值及边长面积等,不仅能反映宗地的界址点组成,还直观地反映该宗地的形状及其界址点之间的关系.着重阐述了基于AutoCAD宗地的标注流程和程序实现.     

在AutoCAD中利用数据库技术建立基础地理信息库

介绍了在AutoCAD中如何利用连接自动化对象(CAO)技术和ADO数据库访问技术在城市数字地图上进行加工处理，实现属性数据与图形数据的无缝结合，进而建立满足GIS应用需求的城市道路网络基础地理信息库的过程。     

地理信息系统数据转换

本文就数据的可持续利用和数据转换和标准问题的重要性及解决方案，作了初步探讨，并提出了一种借助AutoCAD通过计算机辅助制图软件为中间GIS实体数据过渡的数据转换方法，叙述了如何用AutoCAD的图形无素表示GIS的实体数据以及实体数据格式转换的实施过程和方法。     

基于GIS的ITS共用信息平台数据模型研究

以种类繁多,数据量巨大,结构和型式复杂的交通信息为背景,通过对ITS共用信息平台基础数据组成的分析,探讨如何利用GIS技术有效组织各种交通信息,提出基于GIS的共用信息平台数据结构设计思想,并对基于GIS的基础数据的概念模型,基础数据的目录结构和系统的逻辑结构等进行描述,提出建立数据仓库的思想并介绍了其包含的主要内容,而研究结果对于促进ITS共用信息平台的实际建设和发展有一定意义。     

基于组件技术的宗地估价Office GIS的设计与实现

从宗地估价信息系统建立的必要性出发,探讨了宗地估价Office GIS的设计方案。系统可按宗地估价业务流程自动完成资料输入、估价计算、估价文档生成以及宗地图形和属性数据互查、统计和分析功能。     

基于SOA的城市GIS综合平台设计与实现

地理信息系统(GIS)作为数字城市的空间基础平台发挥着重要作用,为了进一步实现城市信息一体化,有效整合异构多源的行业系统和数据,采用基于面向服务的体系结构(SOA),设计了城市GIS综合平台的框架模型.描述了构件、服务的分类与组合、业务流程分析与设计等过程,并利用网络服务技术进行了系统实现.     

浅论数字影像在GIS中的应用

数字影像在GIS中的应用,可系统归纳为三个方向:使用高分辨率遥感影像用作GIS矢量数据的更新;将数字影像与GIS矢量数据集成作为GIS的数据平台;以及将数据挖掘技术应用于数字影像,从而辅助实现GIS的空间分析和智能决策等高端应用。文中分别以实例验证说明了上述三种应用方向的技术可行性,并指出目前阶段各研究方向存在的技术问题。     

基于Arcgis Engine的GeoDatabase数据转换研究和实现

为了实现GIS数据的共享,人们往往需要进行跨平台的数据转换。本文从GIS矢量数据内容入手,介绍了公司自主开发ForeStar地理信息系统平台的矢量数据以及GeoDatabase数据的特点,结合Arcgis Engine组件技术,采用Visual Basic6.0实现了ForeStar平台矢量数据向GeoDatabase数据的相互转换。     

数字测绘成图系统的研究与实现

数字测绘成图及GIS应用系统主要包括管线成图、地籍成图、地形成图、工程计算及GIS应用几个模块。系统是以AutoCAD2002为开发平台，采用ObjectARX开发技术开发，它秉 承了AutoCAD的传统优势，充分利用了AutoCAD的最新技术成果，使用户的数字化成图工作一开始就建立在一个全球公认的最优秀的图形与设计平台之上。     

Structuring urban data

Geometric city modeling is an open problem without standard solutions. Within this problem, there appear several sub-problems that must be faced, like the accurate modeling of streets, buildings and other architectonic structures. One important source of geographical information is (measured) cadastral urban data. However, this information is not always well structured, and sometimes it is even simply corrupted GIS data. In this paper we present a robust and generic solution for the generation of block and building layouts based on a repairing process applied when this data is not correct. Our input data is a top projection map of a city which usually has been created by a mixture of photogrammetric restitution and, in a second stage, hand-drawn using any GIS application. Moreover, these maps are under continuous modifications, like in the case of public administrations. This process sometimes results in the introduction of mistakes and anomalies, which are hard to correct without the appropriate tools. Our solution is based on a novel semi-automatic 2D restructuring algorithm, which uniformly corrects errors and ambiguities that are commonly present in corrupted cadastral data. This problem is complex because it is necessary to identify not just simple elements from the input file, but also their connectivity and structure in the real world. The output of our algorithm is the urban data restructured into a hierarchy of blocks and buildings, from which we can get a realistic 3D model by extruding each building using the floor number for each building within the cadastral data.     

Per‐field urban land use classification based on tax parcel boundaries

The objective of this study is to test a per‐field approach for classifying detailed urban land use, such as single‐family, multi‐family, industrial and commercial. Tax parcel boundaries are used as the field boundaries for classification. Twelve attributes of parcels, such as parcel sizes, parcel shape, building counts and building heights, are used as the discriminant factors between different land use types. For our study area that consists of 33 025 parcels, we first derived parcel attributes from geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing data. We then converted the parcel vector data to an image of 12 bands with pixel values from parcel attributes. After that, we performed a standard supervised classification to classify the image into nine land use types. The best classification result with a decision tree classifier had an overall accuracy of 93.53% and a Kappa Coefficient of 0.7023. This study shows the feasibility of applying a per‐field approach based on tax parcel boundaries to classify detailed urban land use.     

Design research for cadastral systems

Cadastral information is a reference data component, of any spatial data infrastructure (SDI). During recent years, several organisational and individual research projects have investigated the cadastral domain. Two paradigms characterize much of this research and their methodologies: a behavioural paradigm or, alternatively, a ‘design research’ paradigm. While some efforts have focused on behavioural research methodologies, design research methodologies have not been addressed by the cadastral, geographical information system (GIS) and SDI research community so far. The present article, therefore, aims to demonstrate usage of the design research paradigm through a methodological analysis of recent cadastral research, which addresses information system issues and within this context, designs information system artefact. The analysis is based on five doctoral dissertations and an array of papers representing the development of the ISO/WD 19152.3 Land Administration Domain Model. The analysis is supplemented with a review of related theory. The main contribution of this article is an explication of a design research methodology and a theoretical framework for research in cadastral information, cadastral systems and the units of property rights reflected in these systems.     

Land tessellation effects in mapping agricultural areas by remote sensing at field level

While mapping agricultural areas by remote sensing, it is quite common to operate at cadastral parcel level. Unfortunately, this land tessellation is merely administrative: a single parcel can, in fact, be made of differently managed parts whose spectral properties can be significantly different, being often different their content. In this situation, approaches that aggregate spectral signals of pixels belonging to the same parcel to investigate their average behaviour can generate misleading results. In this work, we evaluated how different field tessellation schemes can condition the interpretation of the spectral behaviour of crops with special concern on time series of NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) and NDWI (normalized difference water index) spectral indices, which are assumed as proxies of plant vigour and crop/soil water content, respectively. The study relies on Sentinel 2 and Landsat 8 data imaging a rice-cultivated area sited in Piemonte (NW Italy). Two reference land tessellation geometries were taken into account: (a) the local cadastral map (purely administrative land division criterion) and (b) a map obtained by image segmentation of the NDVI time series (purely spectral land division criterion). After signal aggregation, some statistics were therefore computed to test differences both in time (within the same parcel along its temporal profile) and in space (within the same image at different positions at the same time). Results obtained exploring the rice growing season 2016 showed that (a) in 23% (70% at 1 sigma) and 27% (70% at 1 sigma) of segments (respectively for NDVI and NDWI) spectral differences, averagely along the year, are significant, possibly leading to wrong interpretation of occurring dynamics in the area; (b) in rice-cultivated fields, spectral differences suffer from seasonality with a higher incidence in Spring, when rice agronomic phases are more dynamic and, in the meantime, critical for management.     

高分辨率影像支持下的地块信息采集系统

利用空间信息技术获取野外地块信息是提高外业工作效率的重要途径。基于矢量耕地地块数据和现势高分辨率遥感影像数据,以个人数字助理为硬件平台,建立移动GIS环境下的地块信息采集系统。该系统采用嵌入式开发组件,实现定位、导航和信息采集等功能,解决高分辨率遥感影像压缩与切割问题。实践结果验证了该系统的可行性和高效性。     

Cadastral systems — alternatives

The importance of successful cadastral systems to a country's economy, administration and rule of law are accepted by many. Several donor organizations have been, for quite some time, supportive of projects to make existing cadastral systems more successful or set up new ones. Nevertheless, there have been, and still are, problems with such projects. One of the reasons for such problems relates to the limited cadastral knowledge of local experts and to the fact that many foreign consultants are mainly familiar with the cadastral system of their own country. It is important for all the cadastral experts, whether they are local or foreign, to know that there are many alternatives, which in general, give a good solution. The article will introduce the most common alternatives for seven issues, like a centralized or decentralized cadastral system, land registration with a separate or integrated cadastre, and different parcel identification methods. Even though there seems to be little correlation between the alternatives used in a particular country and the question of whether its cadastral system is running well, the article ends with some conclusions based on our recent experiences in central Europe.     

动态土地信息系统时空过程及时空数据存储

时态GIS（TGIS）以及时空数据模型是当前地理信息科学领域的研究热点，土地地籍管理信息系统是TGIS的典型应用，对土地地籍管理信息系统的时空过程进行了分析；提出了在基态修正时空数据模型中，采用区段快速索引和变粒度存储因子方法；通过区段快速索引和变粒度存储因子的引入，系统查询效率有了明显提高；论述了土地信息系统中的时空概念，数据结构和系统实现，重点讨论了数据库中的数据组织、拓扑关系建立及数据存储管理机制；最后介绍了基于上述模型和方法开发的新一代大型网络级动态土地地籍管理信息系统（ReGIS）的主要功能，两年多的应用表明，系统设计先进，性能良好，运行稳定。     

A Spatio-Temporal Model for the Manipulation of Lineage Metadata

Nowadays one of the most successful applications of GIS is the management of a land-use cadastre. A lot of corporate GIS databases are in development, they support the legal management and distribution of cadastral maps. However, the propagation of geographical updates toward cadastral databases is still a methodological and technical problem to address in the context of large applications with many different users. This paper proposes a model based on lineage metadata that supports the management of geographical changes in the context of a corporate cadastre application. Geographical and cadastral changes are identified from an analysis of the French cadastre which acts as a case study for the development of our model. The lineage metadata model is based on the application of a direct acyclic graph that permits the management of the evolution of geographical objects and the generation of historical queries. The proposed model is specified and validated with the O ₂ object-oriented database management system.