高压变频调速节能技术

近年来，油田输油系统运用低压变频调速技术已日趋成熟，输油节能技改重点开始转向6kV、10kV高压及1000kW以上的大型输油泵机组。基于对当前自控领域高压大功率调频技术的比较研究，选择国内技术领先的东方日立（成都）电控设备有限公司生产的高压变频器，应用于大庆一哈尔滨输油系统。2005年10月投入运行后，在现场工艺酉己套和节能降耗方面部取得了较好效果。     

高压变频器在石化行业供水系统的应用

介绍了ZINVERT高压变频调速系统在天津石化动力部供水车间给水泵上节能改造的技术方案和节能效果等应用情况,为国产高压变频在石化行业风机、水泵上的节能技改提供了一定的实践经验。     

浅谈高压变频调速技术在6kV注水电机上的应用

介绍了高压变频调速系统的组成和特点，利用高压变频调速的特殊功能，解决实际生产中大电机自动控制保护的技术难题，介绍了高压变频调速技术应用给企业带来的综合经济效益。     

辽河油田集输系统节电降本增效的探讨和实践

简要分析了辽河油田油气集输公司通过采用高压变频、内反馈串级调速等大功率输油泵的调速技术和推广使用螺杆泵、提高离心油泵效率等措施节电降本增效的实践经验，并对集输行业几种有效的节电途径进行了探讨。     

高压变频调速技术在注水站的应用

油田注水是保持地层压力、保证油田长期稳产高产的重要措施，由于受配注方案调整等因素的影响，注水量变化范围较大。为适应注水量的变化，需要不断调整注水泵的运行方式。在没有调速措施的情况下，注水泵的流量只能通过人工调节泵出口阀门来调节，这必然造成注水系统能耗增高。文中应用离心泵的特性曲线分析了离心泵变频调速的节能原理，介绍了高压变频技术在注水站应用实例，并对实施高压变频技术前后的能耗情况进行了比较。变频调速技术具有调节及时、无节流、适应性强及改造工程量小等优点，在注水泵前加变频调速技术，可有效降低单耗。     

注水泵主要调速技术比较

大庆油田注水泵目前均采用高压电机进行拖动，其耗电量占油田生产总耗电量的40％左右，因此，注水节电是节能降耗的主要环节。萨北油田注水泵应用的节能技术主要有高压变频和前置泵串级调速等，斩波内馈技术属于新型的节能技术，正在调研当中。     

离心泵常用调速技术

离心泵节能调速技术主要有变频器、磁力藕合、伺服电机和斩波内馈,其中以变频应用范围最广.变频调速技术一次性投资小、回报周期短,对站库离心泵均适用,但不适用于大功率注入泵,且故障率较高;伺服技术的响应频率和精度都很高,电机体积小、占地少,可以实现恒压注水,投资回收周期较长;磁力藕合技术无谐波污染,不伤害电机,节能效果较好;斩波内馈节能效果较好,对于小功率电机,其回收期很长,实用性较差,对于大功率机泵,其节能效果明显,投资回收期较短.     

变频调速技术在炼油厂的应用

阐述了变频调速技术的应用方法和节能原理，并结合生产实际，以常顶回流泵应用FVR－P5S变频器改造为例，对在相同流量和不同流量的情况下，变频调速技术的应用效果作了详尽的分析对比，说明了应用变频调速技术具有显著的节能效果。     

变频调速技术在油田中的应用

阐述了变频调速技术节能的基本原理，并结合现场应用情况分析对比变频调速技术在注水、集输系统中的节能效果，通过现场实践表明：变频系统运行状况良好，节能效果明显。同时提出采油四厂目前在节能降耗工作中存在的问题并提出相应的改造建议。     

变频调速技术在输油系统中的应用

文中通过对油田输油系统的能耗分析，提出了利用变频调速技术降低泵管压差，减少输液单耗，实现平稳输液；同时介绍了变频调速系统的节能原理、系统结构及节能效果。系统运行结果表明，在输油系统中采用变频调速控制，节能效果显著，具有明显的经济效益和社会效益。     

顺,反,顺-1,2,3,4-环丁烷四甲酸二酐的合成

以碳酸二乙酯为溶剂,顺丁烯二酸酐为原料,在紫外光的照射下进行[2+2]环加成反应,制备得到顺,反,顺-1,2,3,4-环丁烷四甲酸二酐,并通过IR和1 H NMR对其结构进行了确证。实验结果表明,较佳反应条件是:顺丁烯二酸酐浓度为9%,高压汞灯照射,反应时间4h,反应温度6℃,产品顺,反,顺-1,2,3,4-环丁烷四甲酸二酐的产率为82.6%,纯度可达99.2%。     

New Modifications Bart,Bdchamp, Mayer,Rosenmund, Scheller,Sherlyn-Braz Reactions with Halides of Arsenic,Antimony and Bismuth

It was discovered a new approach modification Bart, Beschamp, Mayer, Rosenmund, Scheller, Sherlyn-Braz reactions with of arsine, stibine and bismuthine in organometallic chemistry. The authors have proposed a new mechanism for possible reactions.     

Search for New Three-, Four-Component Petasis,Passerini, Hantzsch,Kabachnic-Fields,Ugi Reactions with Organic Compounds of Phosphorus,Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth

It is discovered a new three-, four-component Petasis, Passerini, Hantzsch, Kabachnic-Fields, Ugi reactions with of arsine, stibine and bismuthine in organometallic chemistry. Modifications were replaced to a nitrogen atom of classical reactions of atoms of phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth. It has been proposed a new mechanism for possible reactions.     

水淹枯竭气藏型地下储气库盘库方法

地下储气库多周期运行盘库,是研究气库运行规律、分析漏失、进一步提高气库运行效率和降低气库运行成本的关键环节。已建立的未水淹气藏型地下储气库盘库数学模型却并不适用于水淹枯竭气藏型地下储气库,评价结果明显高于实际注采气量。为此,通过深入分析水淹枯竭气藏型地下储气库气驱排水扩容机理、多周期注采运行过程中气水两相宏观与微观运动规律及可能的分布状态,创新性提出了可动用库存量的概念,以注采气量与视地层压力在一个注采周期内满足定容压升降方程为评价准则,建立了水淹枯竭气藏型地下储气库盘库模型。实例验证结果表明,该模型计算的结果与实际吻合,可用于水淹枯竭气藏型地下储气库多周期运行盘库计算和分析。为储气库运行、管理及调整提供了依据。     

Solid waste issue: Sources,composition, disposal,recycling, and valorization

Disposal of solid wastes is a stinging and widespread problem in both urban and rural areas in many developed and developing countries. Municipal solid waste (MSW) collection and disposal is one of the major problems of urban environment in most countries worldwide today. MSW management solutions must be financially sustainable, technically feasible, socially, legally acceptable and environmentally friendly. Solid waste management issue is the biggest challenge to the authorities of both small and large cities’.Valorization of food organic waste is one of the important current research areas. The conventional landfill, incineration, composting, and ways of handeling solid wastes are common as mature technologies for waste disposal. Traditionally, the most commonly used technologies for the treatment and valorization of the organic fraction of MSW are composting and anaerobic digestion (AD). The generation of organic solid waste (OSW); worldwide; is dramatically increasing each year. Most of the OSW’s are composed of agricultural waste, household food waste, human and animal wastes, etc. They are normally handled as animal feed, incinerated or disposed to landfill sites. OAW’s are comprised of materials rich in proteins, minerals, and sugars that could be used in other processes as substrates or raw materials.     

PERMIAN TO TERTIARY FAUNAS AND PALEOGEOGRAPHY: SOMALIA, KENYA, TANZANIA, MOZAMBIQUE, MADAGASCAR, SOUTH AFRICA

Permian to Tertiary faunas along the eastern margin of Africa, and on Madagascar, are presented, described, and discussed. Presentation of the faunas is made in four charts: Permo-Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Tertiary. A correlation chart provides tentative time-rock units. Paleogeography northeast and east of Africa is derived from the writer's analysis of marine invertebrate fauna, and is delineated in sketches for Late Permian, Jurassic, and Cretaceous times. Limitations exist on the conclusions that can be drawn from fauna alone. Pelagic waters can be indicated, but their extent cannot be specified, and lack of diversification in some of the pelagic genera results in unavoidable ambiguities of interpretation. Nothing in the faunal evidence so far available, however, disproves unequivocally the existence of an ancestral Indian Ocean from Late Permian onward. Even if such an ancestral ocean did not exist the pattern of pelagic waters that can be inferred from marine invertebrate fauna constitutes an impediment to models that suture Australia or India to Africa or Madagascar. Peninsular India, on readings of its own geology across the foreland-orogen boundary, may have occupied its present position through the whole of geologic time.     

泌阳凹陷陡坡带砂砾岩体预测

在对泌阳凹陷陡坡带砂砾岩体空间展布预测中,以层序地层学研究为基础,依据古地貌沟扇对应理论,利用地震属性分析技术和地震反演技术,寻找砂砾岩扇体并确定其分布边界.预测结果,在陡坡带边界断层附近发现了新的砂砾岩扇体,在深凹区过渡带发现了浊积砂体,均为有利的油气聚集区,经钻探获得了良好效果,对陡坡带砂砾岩体的勘探起到 较好的指导作用.图3参10