Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of Extruded Mg–Zn–Ag Alloys with Single-Phase Structure

Mg–Zn–Ag alloys have been extensively studied in recent years for potential biodegradable implants due to their unique mechanical properties,biodegradability and biocompatibility.In the present study,Mg–3Zn-x Ag(wt%,x=0.2,0.5 and0.8)alloys with single-phase crystal structure were prepared by backward extrusion at 340°C.The addition of Ag element into Mg–3Zn slightly influences the ultimate tensile strength and microstructure,but the elongation firstly increases from12%to 19.8%and then decreases from 19.8%to 9.9%with the increment of Ag concentration.The tensile yield strength,ultimate tensile strength and elongation of Mg–3Zn–0.2Ag alloy reach up to 142,234 MPa and 19.8%,respectively,which are the best mechanical performance of Mg–Zn–Ag alloys in the present work.The extruded Mg–3Zn–0.2Ag alloy also possesses the best corrosion behavior with the corresponding corrosion rate of 3.2 mm/year in immersion test,which could be explained by the single-phase and uniformly distributed grain structure,and the fewer twinning.     

Enhancing Mechanical Properties of Mg–6Zn Alloy by Deformation-Induced Nanoprecipitation

We presented the solution of deformation-induced precipitation after homogenization to enhance the mechanical properties of Mg–6 Zn alloys. The results show that the improved strategy exhibits more effective strengthening role than grain refinement methods based on low-temperature severe plastic deformation under the same strain. The low-temperature deformation with larger extrusion ratio results in massive nano-sized precipitates and excellent mechanical properties with the yield strength of 355 MPa and the ultimate tensile strength of 405 MPa. The increased mechanical properties are strong and tough enough to resist the stress and not be worn away when the alloy nail penetrates through the pig thigh bone, potentially extending more orthopedic surgery applications for Mg–Zn alloys.     

Characterization of the High-Strength Mg–3Nd–0.5Zn Alloy Prepared by Thermomechanical Processing

Magnesium alloys based on Nd and Zn are promising materials for both aviation industry and medical applications.Superior mechanical properties of these materials can be achieved by thermomechanical processing such as extrusion or rolling and by aging treatment, which can significantly strengthen the alloy. The question remains especially about the connection of texture strength created in the alloys based on the specific conditions of preparation. This work focuses on the Mg–3 Nd–0.5 Zn magnesium alloy prepared by hot extrusion of the as-cast state at two different temperatures combined with heat pre-treatment. Extrusion ratio of 16 and rate of 0.2 mm/s at 350 and 400 °C were selected for material preparation. The structures of prepared materials were studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The effect of microstructure on mechanical properties was evaluated. Obtained results revealed the strong effect of thermal pre-treatment on final microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded materials. The Hall–Petch relation between grain size and tensile yield strength has been suggested in this paper based on the literature review and presented data. The observed behavior strongly supports the fact that the Hall–Petch of extruded Mg–3Nd–0.5 Zn alloys with different texture intensities cannot be clearly estimated and predicted. In addition, Hall–Petch relations presented in literature can be sufficiently obtained only for fraction of the Mg–3Nd–0.5 Zn alloys.     

Hot corrosion behavior and mechanical properties degradation of a Ni–Cr–W-based superalloy

The effect of molten salts on the mechanical properties of a Ni–20Cr–18W(wt%)-based superalloy was investigated in this work. The hot corrosion characteristics and the microstructural evolution during the hot corrosion process were analyzed. The corrosion scale forms on the surface of the substrate, and its thickness increases gradually during the process. The element of S invades the substrate. The corrosion products mainly include Ni O,Ni_3S_2 and Cr_2O_3. The hot corrosion in molten salt makes the specimens rough and flawed. The serration grain boundaries are observed in the hot corroded specimens.The tensile strength and elongation of the original alloy are~1023 MPa and ~15 %, respectively. After corroded for5 h, the tensile strength and elongation of the specimen decrease to ~771 MPa and ~7 % and diminish to~814 MPa and ~9 % for the specimen corroded for 10 h.The hot corrosion process deteriorates the mechanical properties of the alloys. And the tensile strength and elongation of the specimen corroded for 20 h sharply decrease to ~539 MPa and ~3 %, respectively. The nonmonotonic variation of the mechanical properties of the specimen occurs for the specimens corroded for 10 h,which is related to the competition between the depredation of the molten salts and the strengthening process by carbides and the serrated grain boundaries.     

Enhanced mechanical properties in Al/diamond composites by Si addition

Diamond particles reinforced aluminum–silicon matrix composites,abbreviated as Al(Si)/diamond composites,were fabricated by squeeze casting.The effect of Si content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated.The mechanical properties are found to increase monotonically with Si content increasing up to 7.0 wt%.The Al-7.0 wt% Si/diamond composite exhibits tensile strength of 78 MPa,bending strength of 230 MPa,and compressive strength of426 MPa.Al–Si eutectic phases are shown to connect with Al matrix and diamond particles tightly,which is responsible for the enhancement of mechanical properties in the Al(Si)/diamond composites.     

Mechanical properties and energy absorption of extruded Mg–2.0Zn–0.3Zr alloy with Y addition

The effects of the rare earth element Y addition on mechanical properties and energy absorption of a low Zn content Mg–Zn–Zr system alloy and the deformation temperature of optimized alloy were investigated by room tensile test, optical microscopy(OM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and transmission electron microscope(TEM). The results show that,after homogenization at 420 °C for 12 h for the as-cast alloys, Mg Zn phase forms, which decreases the strength of Mg–2.0Zn–0.3Zr alloy with Y content of 0.9 wt%. The tensile strength and elongation of the alloy with a Y addition of 5.8 wt% reach the max value(281 ± 2) MPa and(30.1 ± 0.7) %, respectively; the strength and elongation of Mg–2.0Zn–0.3Zr–0.9Y alloy at the optimized extrusion temperature of 330 °C reach(321 ± 1) MPa and(21.9 ± 0.7) %, respectively. The energy absorption increases with the increase of Y content, the max value reached 0.79 MJ m-3with Y content of 5.8 wt%, and the energy absorption of Mg–2.0Zn–0.3Zr–0.9Y alloy at the optimized extrusion temperature of 330 °C reaches0.75 MJ m-3.     

Effects of Solution Treatment on the Microstructure,Tensile Properties,and Impact Toughness of an Al–5.0Mg–3.0Zn–1.0Cu Cast Alloy

This study investigates the eff ect of solution treatment(at 470 °C for 0–48 h) on the microstructural evolution,tensile properties,and impact properties of an Al–5.0Mg–3.0Zn–1.0Cu(wt%) alloy prepared by permanent gravity casting.The results show that the as-cast microstructure consists of α-Al dendrites and a network-like pattern of T-Mg_(32)(AlZnCu) 49 phases.Most of the T-phases were dissolved within 24 h at 470 ℃;and a further prolonging of solution time resulted in a rapid growth of α-Al grains.No transformation from the T-phase to the S-Al_2CuMg phase was discovered in this alloy.Both the tensile properties and impact toughness increased quickly,reached a maximum peak value,and decreased gradually as the solution treatment proceeded.The impact toughness is more closely related to the elongation,and the relationship between impact toughness and elongation appears to obey an equation:IT = 8.43 EL-3.46.After optimal solution treatment at 470 ℃ for 24 h,this alloy exhibits excellent mechanical properties with the ultimate tensile strength,yield strength,elongation and impact toughness being 431.6 MPa,270.1 MPa,19.4% and 154.7 kJ/m~2,which are comparable to that of a wrought Al–6.0 Mg–0.7 Mn alloy(5E06,a 5 xxx aluminum alloy).Due to its excellent comprehensive combination of mechanical properties,this cast alloy has high potential for use in components which require medium strength,high ductility and high toughness.     

Preparation of Ti–Nb–Ta–Zr alloys for load-bearing biomedical applications

Ti–Nb–Ta–Zr alloys for biomedical applications were successfully fabricated by arc melting(AM) and diffusion bonding.The microstructure, mechanical properties and electrochemistry behavior in a simulated body fluid(SBF) were studied.It shows that melted Ti–Nb–Ta–Zr alloy mainly contains β phase although there are a few Ti-rich phases and micropores, the number of which is lower than that in sintered sample with a few Ti-rich and Ta-rich phases.The melted alloys present higher strength(1224 MPa), Young's modulus(15.3 GPa) and corrosion potential(-0.34 V) in SBF, while total recovery strain ratio(67.5%) and pseudoelastic strain ratio(8.4%) of sintered Ti–Nb–Ta–Zr alloy keep higher value than 35.7%and 5.0% for melted Ti–Nb–Ta–Zr.The reasons were discussed based on the microstructure of the Ti–Nb–Ta–Zr alloys.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–Zn–(Nd)–Zr alloys with different extrusion processes

The effect of Nd addition and the in?uence of extrusion processes on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–6Zn–0.5Zr(ZK60) and Mg–6Zn–1.5Nd–0.5Zr(ZKNd602) alloys were investigated. Nd element can obviously re?ne the microstructure of both as-cast and asextruded Mg–Zn–Nd–Zr alloy. All of the extruded alloys exhibit a bimodal grain structure composed of equiaxed?ne recrystallized(DRXed) grains and elongated coarse un DRXed grains. It is necessary to achieve high strength,particularly the yield strength, for ZKNd602 alloy, when it is extruded with a lower extrusion temperature, a suitable extrusion ratio and a relatively lower extrusion ram speed. In this study, the ultimate tensile strength(UTS),yield strength(YS) and elongation(El) of the extruded ZKNd602 alloy were 421 MPa, 402 MPa and 6.7 %,respectively, with extrusion temperature of 290 °C, extrusion ratio of 18:1 and a ram speed of approximate0.4 mm·s~(-1). Meanwhile, the extrusion process has obvious effects on the room-temperature properties but weak effects on the high-temperature properties.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Mg–xAl–1Sn–0.3Mn( x = 1, 3, 5) Alloy Sheets

The influence of Al alloying on the microstructures and the mechanical properties of Mg–x Al–1 Sn–0.3 Mn alloy sheets was investigated. The microstructure of Mg– x Al–1 Sn–0.3 Mn consisted of α-Mg and Mg 17 Al 12 precipitates. Alloying with Al increased the amount of Mg_(17)Al_(12) and the average grain size. Uniaxial tensile tests were carried out along the extrusion direction(ED), the transverse direction(TD) and 45° toward the ED. Mg–5 Al–1 Sn–0.3 Mn alloy sheet exhibited the best combination of mechanical properties along the ED: a yield strength of 142 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength of 282 MPa and an elongation of 23%. The good performance of Mg–5 Al–1 Sn–0.3 Mn sheet was mainly attributed to the large quantity of Mg_(17)Al_(12) precipitates and a weak basal texture. Annealing caused static dynamic recrystallization, refined the grain size and enhanced the mechanical properties: yield strength of 186 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 304 MPa, elongation of 21% along ED. Both strength and ductility were enhanced by Al alloying.     

往复挤压Mg-Al-Si合金的高温拉伸性能

利用往复挤压(RE-n,n为挤压道次)制备Mg-4Al-2Si(AS42)、Mg-4Al-4Si(AS44)和Mg-6Al-6Si(AS66)合金,并在150℃和1.33×10-3s-1的初始应变速率下测试合金的拉伸性能。结果表明:RE-8-AS42合金晶粒尺寸为2.1μm,Mg2Si颗粒尺寸为1.3μm;RE-4-AS42合金晶粒尺寸为4.8μm,组织中含有2～20μm的大块Mg2Si颗粒;RE-AS44和RE-AS66合金晶粒尺寸约为11μm,组织中存在>20μm的Mg2Si颗粒。合金拉伸强度随挤压道次增加而提高,RE-8-AS42合金性能最佳,抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为250 MPa、197 MPa和62%,高的性能归因于细小的晶粒和阻碍晶界滑移的细小稳定Mg2Si颗粒。     

化学成分对高强Al-Mg-Si合金组织和性能的影响

通过电子拉伸试验机、扫描电镜、透射电镜等研究了5种不同合金成分对高强Al-Mg-Si合金组织和性能的影响。结果发现,5种 Al-Mg-Si合金微观组织、力学性能以及导电性能都强烈依赖于合金中Mg和Si含量。随着Mg、Si含量的增加,合金的抗拉强度增加,同时导电率呈现下降的趋势。Al-0.7Mg-0.5Si和Al-0.6Mg-0.6Si相比,虽然两种合金的Mg、Si原子总量相当,但是由于Mg/Si比不同,导致二者微观组织明显不同,性能存在明显的差异。Ce微合金化使Al-0.7Mg-0.6Si-0.2Ce合金的力学性能和电学性能获得良好的匹配,175 ℃时效4 h的抗拉强度达到325 MPa,同时导电率达到56.2%IACS。     

电解低钛汽车轮毂材料的研究

本文应用原位钛合金化、细晶化的电解低钛铝基合金为母材生产汽车轮毂材料——A356合金，对其微观组织及性能进行了研究。研究发现：电解低钛A356合金较传统的熔配加钛A356合金组织细化，一次枝晶细小，二次枝晶臂间距短；经过T5短时处理，硅相球化良好，颗粒细小，强化元素Si、Mg在基体中均匀、弥散析出。电解低钛A356合金具有高强度和高韧性的良好力学性能匹配，σь≥300MPa和δ≥8％的性能比传统熔配加钛的A356合金强度和塑性均可提高20％以上。     

钛的电阻钎焊技术研究

研究了Ｔｉ－２４Ａｌ－１１Ｎｂ－２Ｓｉ和Ｔｉ－２４Ａｌ－１１Ｎｂ－５Ｓｉ金属间化合物合金的热轧组织与性能,结果发现：随着变形量的增加,两种合金第二相Ｔｉ５Ｓｉ３变得细小且趋向于均匀分布。变形量越大,合金的室温四点弯曲程度越大,含Ｔｉ５Ｓｉ３较多的Ｔｉ－２４Ａｌ－１１Ｎｂ－５Ｓｉ合金的弯曲强度较高。两种合金的室温弯曲断口形貌均为准解理形式,两相界面结合较强。高温拉伸试验表明：随变形量的增大,Ｔｉ－２４Ａｌ－１１Ｎｂ－２Ｓｉ合金的拉伸强度和塑性都增加。Ｔｉ－２４Ａｌ－１１Ｎｂ－５Ｓｉ合金由于变形量较大和较高的强化相体积含量,拉伸强度明显较Ｔｉ－２４Ａｌ－１１Ｎｂ－２Ｓｉ合金的为高,但塑性却大为降低     

Effects of Cu addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-6Zn magnesium alloy

The application of Mg-Zn binary alloys is restricted due to their developed dendritic microstructure and poor mechanical properties. In this study, an alloying method was used to improve the mechanical properties of Mg-Zn alloy. The Mg-6Zn magnesium alloys microalloyed with varying Cu content(0, 0.8, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5wt.%) were fabricated by permanent mould casting, and the effects of Cu content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-6Zn alloys were studied using OM, SEM, XRD and tensile tests at room temperature. The obtained results show that the addition of Cu not only can refine the grains effectively, but also can modify the eutectic morphology and improve the mechanical properties of the alloys. The main phases of the studied alloys include α-Mg, MgZn_2, Mg_2Cu and CuMgZn. When the content of Cu exceeds 0.8wt.%, Mg_2Cu phase appears. Meanwhile, the eutectic morphology is modified into dendritic shape or lamellar structure, which has an adverse effect on the tensile properties. Furthermore, among the investigated alloys, the alloy containing 0.8% Cu shows an optimalultimate tensile strength of 196 MPa, while the alloy with 1.5wt.% Cu obtains an excellent elongation of 7.22%. The experimental alloys under different Cu contents show distinguishing fracture behaviors: the fracture of the alloy with 0.8wt.% Cu reveals a mixed mode of inter-granular and quasi-cleavage, while in other investigated alloys, the fracture behaviors are dominated by cleavage fracture.     

铸态Mg-4Al-4Si合金的显微组织与力学性能

摘 要:采用重力铸造法制备Mg-4A1-4Si(AS44)镁合金,研究铸态合金的显微组织和室温力学性能.结果表明,铸态AS44合金主要由α-Mg基体、β-Mg17Al12相及Mg2Si相组成;Mg2Si粗大的呈树枝状、块状和汉字状3种形态;铸态合金的硬度为66.5 HV3,室温抗拉强度为108.8 MPa,屈服强度为72.3 MPa,伸长率为2.6％;拉伸断裂形式为准解理脆性断裂.     

Effect of thermal exposure on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al−Si−Cu−Ni−Mg alloy produced by different casting technologies

The effect of thermal exposure at 350 °C for 200 h on microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated for Al−Si−Cu−Ni−Mg alloy, which was produced by permanent mold casting (PMC) and high pressure die casting (HPDC). The SEM and IPP software were used to characterize the morphology of Si phase in the studied alloys. The results show that the thermal exposure provokes spheroidization and coarsening of eutectic Si particles. The ultimate tensile strength of the HPDC alloy after thermal exposure is higher than that of the PMC alloy at room temperature. However, the TEPMC and TEHPDC alloys have similar tensile strength around 67 MPa at 350 °C. Due to the coarsening of eutectic Si, the TEPMC alloy exhibits better creep resistance than the TEHPDC alloy under studied creep conditions. Therefore, the alloys with small size of eutectic Si are not suitably used at 350 °C.     

真空压铸Mg-6Gd-3Y-0.5Zr镁合金的组织与性能

采用真空压铸工艺制备GW63K合金,研究压射速度和真空度对组织及性能的影响。采用光学显微镜、SEM及EDX对组织进行观察。研究GW63K的热处理工艺。结果表明：铸态GW63K合金由α-Mg基体和Mg24（Gd,Y）5第二相组成,且随着压射速度的增加,合金的屈服强度没有大的变化,但是伸长率先增加后减小;真空辅助能够减少气孔的大小及含量。在475℃固溶2 h,然后在200℃下时效80 h,GW63K合金的抗拉强度和伸长率分别达到308 MPa和9.45%。首次发现预初晶（ESCs）的存在对压铸GW63K合金热处理性能有巨大影响,预初晶（ESCs）的存在严重降低热处理后合金的性能。     

复合添加Si、Nd元素对Mg-11Li-3Al合金组织与力学性能的影响

利用磁悬浮真空高频感应加热法熔炼高质量的镁锂合金,通过Si、Nd元素复合添加来研究其对Mg-11Li-3Al合金组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:加入Si、Nd元素后,组织中主要生成Mg_2Si和Al_(11_Nd_3 2种第二相,其中Si的添加能够促使合金组织中形成篆体形貌的黑色析出物聚集区,而Nd的加入能够细化这种黑色棒状的析出物,并减小晶粒尺寸、洁净组织。当Nd的添加量为1%(质量分数)时其晶粒细化的效果最佳。经过XRD和EDS分析发现,这种黑色棒状的析出物为Mg_2Si相和Al_(11)Nd_3相的结合体。铸态合金的抗拉强度随着Si含量的增加递增,最后趋于稳定;其塑性并不会随某一种或是复合元素的添加而单调变化。实验得到了一种综合力学性能最佳的合金Mg-11Li-3Al-1Si-1Nd,其抗拉强度和伸长率分别为212.3 MPa和46.2%。