时效制度对7B04铝合金组织和性能的影响

通过力学性能检测、扫描电镜和透射电镜观察,研究了不同时效制度、不同变形系数对7B04铝合金组织和性能的影响.结果表明:变形系数为12.5的合金其性能优于变形系数为6.5的合金;合金的断裂属晶内韧窝断裂与沿晶断裂的混合型断裂,合金的K IC主要受其δ值的影响并与其δ值有相似的变化趋势;合金的完全时效制度为130℃,16 h或140℃,15 h,在此制度下,合金的σb,σ0.2,δ和K IC分别为645.5 MPa,603.0 MPa,11.4%和36.1 MPa·mi/2.     

蠕变时效成形对7B04铝合金疲劳性能的影响

蠕变时效成形技术是利用金属的蠕变特性,将成形与时效处理同步进行的一种成形方法,能有效地提高材料的疲劳性能.本文针对7B04-T7451状态的铝合金进行蠕变时效成形,进而在成形试件的基础上进行疲劳试验.介绍了.-N曲线的一般数学表达式,将常用的幂函数表达式变换拟合得到材料疲劳寿命S-N曲线,通过SN曲线的比较发现,蠕变时...     

直流电对7B04铝合金固溶与时效组织和性能的影响

本文采用拉伸试验、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等手段,研究了7B04铝合金在施加和不施加直流电条件下,经470℃固溶和100-140℃时效处理后的组织和力学性能。与传统的T6处理(470 oC/30 min+120 oC/24h)相比,固溶和/或时效处理时施加500A的电流,可显著提高GPII区的析出密度,进而提高峰时效状态下的拉伸强度和延伸率。固溶过程中施加直流电可将随后时效合金达到峰值强度的时间明显缩短12h。     

变形温度对7A04-T5铝合金组织与性能影响

研究了不同变形温度下7A04铝合金组织与性能的变化规律.结果表明,在320和360℃下变形,7A04铝合金以动态回复为主要软化机制;在400℃以上变形时,发生动态再结晶,温度升高有利于动态再结晶进行.随着变形温度升高,合金中的粗大第二相减少,T5态铝合金强度、硬度、塑性均升高;7A04铝合金的断裂方式以韧窝断裂为主,随着变形温度提高,断口中的韧窝数量逐渐增多,晶粒变细.     

热处理对7B04铝合金厚板组织与力学性能的影响

通过显微组织观察和力学性能与电导率测试,研究了热处理工艺对7B04铝合金厚板组织与性能的影响。结果表明,适宜的固溶工艺为470℃×240min。120℃×22h时效后合金可获得,抗拉强度为621MPa,但合金的电导率较低,仅为18·3MS/m;双级T74时效时,强度下降了10%～12%(与T6态相比),电导率获得了明显提高,为21·3MS/m;三级时效(RRA)处理可使合金获得高强度和高电导率相结合,强度接近T6态,电导率与T74态相当。合金经RRA处理后,基体内分布着大量的细小弥散析出相(与T6态组织相似),晶界析出相粗大且呈完全不连续分布。     

7B04铝合金的时效沉淀析出及强化行为

利用差示量热法(DSC)、透射电镜(TEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)、常规力学性能测试等手段研究了7B04铝合金时效沉淀析出及强化行为。结果表明:该材料存在显著的自然时效现象,大量的GPⅠ区沉淀析出是自然时效强化的主要原因;合金在120℃进行人工时效的初期析出大量GP区,使材料的强度迅速提高,时效8 h后,其横向极限抗拉强度即可达到570 MPa,时效22 h时可达强度峰值点,此时GP区(包括GPⅠ和GPⅡ区)和η′相是主要强化相;峰值时效后继续延长时效时间,材料的强度无明显降低,极限抗拉强度保持在590 MPa左右。     

7B04-T6铝合金挤压型材热处理

对7B04-T6合金型材热处理制度进行深入研究,制定出合理的工艺制度,使其生产出的T6状态型材的各项性能均能达到指标要求.     

固溶处理对7B04铝合金组织和性能的影响

通过显微组织观察、拉伸力学性能测试、XRD衍射物相分析以及α(Al)基体点阵常数的测量等方法研究了固溶处理对7B04铝合金组织和性能的影响.结果表明:在410～470℃范围,随固溶温度升高和时间延长,由于粗大的平衡相逐渐回溶,合金的强度逐渐升高;进一步提高固溶温度或延长固溶时间,合金强度逐步降低.7B04铝合金的优选固溶处理制度为470℃×60 min.     

变形温度和变形次数对7A04-T6铝合金组织与性能影响

研究了不同变形温度和变形次数下7A04铝合金组织与性能的变化规律。结果表明,在320、360℃下变形,7A04铝合金以动态回复为主要软化机制;在400℃以上变形时,发生动态再结晶,温度升高有利于动态再结晶进行。变形温度升高,合金中的粗大第二相减少,T6态铝合金强度随变形温度的升高而增大,塑性则先降低后增加。随着变形次数增加,在320℃和360℃变形时,第二相聚集粗化,分布在晶界上,合金的强度和塑性均下降;而在400℃以上变形时,强度和塑性在变形次数低于4次时增加。     

固溶处理对7B04铝合金冷轧板组织性能的影响

在实验室中制备了试验用7B04铝合金,经铸造-均质化退火-热轧-中间退火-冷轧后制得7B04铝合金板材,并对合金板材进行了后续固溶时效处理,研究了固溶处理对其组织和性能的影响。结果表明,470 ℃×1 h固溶+120 ℃×21 h时效处理铝合金冷轧板材再结晶明显,有少量晶粒处于伸长状态,除粗大第二相粒子外,未发现细小第二相粒子,综合力学性能较好,抗拉强度为596 MPa,屈服强度为537 MPa,伸长率为14.88%。固溶温度达到480 ℃时,合金再结晶明显,但保温时间不能超过0.5 h,否则合金强度和塑性下降。     

Effect of processing way and aging treatment on properties and microstructures of 7B04 aluminum alloy

The influence of forging and aging treatment on mechanical properties and microstructure of large size prestretched thick plate of 7B04 aluminium alloy was investigated through tensile test, corrosion test, transmission electronic microcopy（TEM） and energy dispersive spectrum（EDS） analysis. The results show that the properties of plate performed extra forging （FSR technology） are much higher than those of plate without forging （CSR technology）. T7451 temper is preferred to resisting corrosion than T651 temper due to a wide PFZ and discontinuous grain boundary precipitates.     

Microstructural evolution of aluminum alloy 7B04 thick plate by various thermal treatments

The microstructure of an AA 7B04 alloy in the form of plate was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and TEM analysis technologies. Tensile properties and electrical conductivity of AA 7B04 under various heat treatment conditions were also presented. The results reveal that peak-aged microstructure contains GP zones and η＇ precipitates predominantly. After retrogressing and reaging（RRA）, the η＇ and η precipitates disperse in the alloy matrix, and the η precipitates distribute coarsely and sparsely, decorating the grain boundaries, together with precipitate free zones（PFZs） around them. It is also shown that selecting of suitable heat treatments can provide optimal precipitates in matrix and at grain boundaries, which gives rise to a combination of high strength and stress corrosion cracking（SCC） resistance in such materials.     

自然时效效应及预时效处理对7A20铝合金组织性能的影响

研究了中强度7A20铝合金的自然时效硬化效应及预时效处理对组织和性能的影响。采用光学显微镜和透射电镜表征了其微观组织结构,采用维氏硬度计和万能拉伸试验机测试了其硬度和力学性能。结果表明:固溶态7A20试验铝合金的自然时效硬化效应明显,12天后硬度由56 HV0.5提高到122 HV0.5,提高了117.86%。经120 ℃×10 min预时效处理后,自然时效硬化增量最低,相比于固溶态降低了16 HV0.5,有效抑制自然时效硬化效应;同时,预时效处理提升了烘烤硬化效应,烘烤硬化后屈服强度提升了166 MPa,抗拉强度提高了51 MPa,伸长率降低了7%。烘烤处理前,其晶内的强化主要来自于与基体共格的GP区,烘烤处理后为尺寸小于5 nm、弥散分布的η′强化相。     

非等温时效工艺对7050铝合金组织和性能的影响

利用TEM、SEM、维氏硬度计、电子万能试验机和涡流导电仪等手段研究了不同的非等温时效工艺对7050铝合金组织、断口形貌和性能的影响,并与T74态的7050铝合金性能进行了比较。结果表明,经190 ℃时效后合金晶内以η′相为主析出,析出相间距较大;随着时效温度的降低,晶内析出相不断增大,间距不断减小,并伴随有针状相二次析出。晶界析出相同样不断粗化,且呈现出“连续状-项链状-半连续状-间断状”的分布势态,晶界无析出带变化不大;合金的硬度、抗拉强度均呈现出先升后降的趋势,当时效温度为130 ℃时,合金的硬度、抗拉强度达到峰值;合金的电导率呈现出单调上升的趋势,在时效温度为110 ℃时趋于平稳;与T74态相比,经(475±3) ℃×40 min固溶+(210~130 ℃,20 ℃/h)非等温时效处理后,合金获得了更优异的综合性能,且工艺耗时减少24 h。     

断续时效对7B52叠层铝合金组织和力学性能的影响

通过硬度测试、拉伸测试、扫描电镜以及透射电镜研究了T6I6断续时效对7B52叠层(7A62/7A01/7A52)铝合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:大量细小η′相均匀析出,使7B52-T6I6时效态下的屈服强度和抗拉强度比T6态下的分别提高了22.5 MPa和20.5 MPa;由于较高的Mg、Zn含量,7A62层铝合金在T6I6时效态下还发生了η′相的二次析出,引起额外强化作用,致使7A62层的屈服强度和抗拉强度比7A52层铝合金分别高155.0 MPa和120.2 MPa。7A62层合金与7A01层合金具有较大的强度差异,使其界面结合强度弱;而7A52/7A01界面则具有较高的结合强度,界面周围发生明显塑性变形,断裂处界面呈不平整状。7B52叠层铝合金的最佳断续时效工艺为一级时效(120℃、2 h)+二级时效(65℃,20 d)+三级时效(120℃,18 h)。     

Fatigue behaviour of pre-strain 7B04-T7451 aluminum alloy

The effect of minimum and the maximum stresses on the fatigue behaviour of a 30 mm thick plate of a 7B04-T7451 （Al-Zn-Mg-Cu） subjected to a tensile pre-strain level of 2% was investigated, including the fatigue crack growth （FCG） rate, microstructure observation, fractographic examination and fatigue S-N curve, etc. The results show that ＇the characteristics of fatigue facture can be observed obviously under high cycle fatigue condition, and the higher the stress amplitude, the wider the space between fatigue striations, the faster the rate of fatigue crack developing and going into the intermittent fracture and the greater the ratio of the intermittent fracture area to the whole fracture area.     

Overheating temperature of 7B04 high strength aluminum alloy

The microstructure and overheating characteristics of the direct chill semicontinuous casting ingot of 7B04 high strength aluminum alloy, and those after industrial homogenization treatment and multi-stage homogenization treatments, were studied by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), optical microscopy(OM) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM-EDX). The results show that the microstructure of direct chill semicontinuous casting ingot of the 7B04 alloy contains a large number of constituents in the form of dendritic networks that consist of nonequilibrium eutectic and Fe-containing phases. The nonequilibrium eutectic contains Al, Zn, Mg and Cu, and the Fe-containing phases include two kinds of phases, one containing Al, Fe, Mn and Cu, and the other having Al, Fe, Mn, Cr, Si and Cu. The melting point of the nonequilibrium eutectic is 478 ℃ for the casting ingot of the 7B04 alloy which is usually considered as its overheating temperature. During industrial homogenization treatment processing at 470 ℃, the nonequilibrium eutectic dissolves into the matrix of this alloy partly, and the remainder transforms into Al2CuMg phase that cannot be dissolved into the matrix at that temperature completely. The melting point of the Al2CuMg phase which can dissolve into the matrix completely by slow heating is about 490 ℃. The overheating temperature of this high strength aluminum alloy can rise to 500-520 ℃. By means of special multi-stage homogenization, the temperature of the homogenization treatment of the ingot of the 7B04 high strength aluminum alloy can reach 500 ℃ without overheating.