等离子喷涂WC-20Cr3C2-7Ni/8YSZ复合涂层的组织及摩擦学性能

为提高连铸机拉矫辊的服役寿命,通过等离子喷涂技术在模具钢H13表面制备不同质量比的WC-20Cr₃C₂-7Ni+8YSZ复合涂层,分析各涂层的微区组织、显微硬度、抗划伤性、耐磨性和磨损形式。结果表明,在WC-20Cr₃C₂-7Ni粉末中分别加入30wt%、50wt%的8YSZ,其复合涂层的致密性明显提高,且涂层晶粒明显得到细化;WC-20Cr₃C₂-7Ni涂层中出现WC_1-x与W相,且随着8YSZ的添加WC相的结晶强度变弱;WC-20Cr₃C₂-7Ni+30wt%8YSZ涂层平均硬度(1172 HV0.2)相对于WC-20Cr₃C₂-7Ni涂层(1152 HV0.2)并没有明显变化,WC-20Cr₃C₂-7Ni+50wt%8YSZ涂层硬度(1052 HV0.2)相对于WC-20Cr₃...     

冲蚀角对超音速火焰喷涂Cr3C2-NiCr涂层冲蚀磨损行为的影响

采用超音速火焰喷涂(high-velocity oxygen-fuel, HVOF)技术,在1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢表面制备Cr₃C₂-NiCr金属陶瓷复合涂层. 研究了涂层的显微组织、相组成以及涂层和不锈钢的冲蚀行为和机理,探讨了冲蚀角与耐冲蚀性能的关系规律. 结果表明,涂层组织结构致密均匀,主要由Cr₃C₂以及少量的Cr₇C₃, Cr₂₃C₆和(Ni, Cr)固溶体相组成. Cr₃C₂-NiCr涂层的耐冲蚀性能随着冲蚀角的增大而减小,在低冲蚀角下涂层的破坏形式主要为微切削,重量损失较低,表现出优异的耐冲蚀性能. 随着冲蚀角的增大,冲蚀沙粒对涂层产生垂直冲击作用,粘结相与硬质相之间产生裂纹导致粘结相脱落,硬质相失去粘结相的支撑作用而裸露出来,在冲蚀沙粒的持续攻击下剥落,形成许多小冲蚀坑. 随着剥落硬质相数量的增加,小冲蚀坑逐步发展为大冲蚀坑,重量损失较大,耐冲蚀性能较差.     

Ni60与NiCr-Cr3C2涂层的机械和热冲击性能对比研究

目的 合理选择涂层材料，以提高5CrNiMo热作模具的使用寿命。方法 采用超音速火焰喷涂制备Ni60和NiCr-Cr₃C₂涂层，对比研究2种粉末所获涂层的微观组织结构、力学性能及机械冲击和热冲击性能。结果 Cr₃C₂硬质颗粒可大幅度提高涂层的硬度，在喷涂过程中，Cr₃C₂硬质颗粒在撞击过程中具有更高的压应力，促进了喷丸效应，使20%NiCr-80%Cr₃C₂涂层内部及与基体结合界面无明显裂纹。因而，与Ni60涂层相比，20%NiCr-80%Cr₃C₂涂层具有较高的表面显微硬度(818.9HV)和结合强度(64.04MPa)。机械冲击试验后，20%NiCr-80%Cr₃C₂涂层因具有优异的力学性能，被冲击区域的宏观裂纹较少，且未发生明显剥落。2种涂层机械冲击失效的主要机理为高载荷冲击所致的涂层塑性损伤与断裂。由于20%NiCr-...     

激光熔覆Ti/Cr3C2复合涂层的组织与性能

利用预置Ti/Cr₃C₂复合粉末对H13模具钢进行了激光熔覆处理。通过SEM分析了不同粉末摩尔比下涂层的显微组织,讨论了涂层在干滑动磨损条件下的耐磨性及在800 ℃静态空气中的高温抗氧化性。XRD结果表明,复合涂层中主要物相为（Fe, Cr）固溶体和TiC、Cr₇C₃增强相。复合涂层室温（25 ℃）和高温（700 ℃）下的耐磨性较基体均有提高,相对耐磨性最低分别为3.68和3.79。800 ℃恒温氧化条件下具有较好的高温抗氧化性,氧化膜主要由Cr₂O₃和TiO₂组成。Ti和Cr₃C₂摩尔比为2.44:1时具有较好的耐磨性,摩尔比为2:1时具有较好的高温抗氧化性。     

纳米NiCrBSi-TiB2涂层的滑动磨损行为

采用超音速火焰喷涂技术在45钢表面制备纳米NiCrBSi-TiB₂涂层,采用XRD、SEM等手段对涂层的微观结构进行表征,同时研究了该纳米涂层和常规NiCr-Cr₃C₂涂层的抗滑动磨损性能。结果表明：纳米NiCrBSi-TiB₂涂层具有晶粒纳米化和组织均匀化特点,其平均晶粒尺寸约为46 nm。与NiCr-Cr₃C₂涂层相比,纳米NiCrBSi-TiB₂涂层具有更优的抗磨损性能,这主要归因于纳米涂层优异的断裂韧性和硬度配合以及微观组织均匀化分布。     

真空熔覆WC/h-BN/Ni复合涂层的组织及物相分析

采用真空熔覆技术在45钢表面制备了WC/h-BN/Ni基复合涂层,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)等观察并分析了复合涂层的微观组织形貌和物相组成。结果表明：复合涂层形成了不同微观组织特征的区域,从表面到基体依次为表层区、复合区、过渡区、扩散熔合区及扩散影响区,主要相组成包括γ-Ni固溶体、FeNi₃、Cr₇C₃、Cr₂₃C₆、WC、W₂C、Ni₃Si、Ni₃B、CrB、Cr₂B、BN和Ni_2.9Cr_0.7Fe_0.36等。复合涂层与基体的界面区域因元素的互扩散而形成了一条厚度约为16μm的扩散熔合带,熔合带中没有硬质相;靠近基体一侧的扩散影响区由大量珠光体组成,连接复合区的过渡层中分布有多种形式的固溶强化相及少量的弥散相;表层区因受粉末颗粒本身及温度等影响,形成了较多的多由Cr₇     

CeO2含量对激光熔覆Ni45A+TiC复合涂层组织和性能的影响

目的提高模切刀具刃口层硬度和耐磨性，使刃口层内部组织无缺陷。方法以Ni45A-Ti C-Ce O₂为熔覆材料，采用激光熔覆技术在AISI 1045钢表面制备不同含量稀土氧化物复合涂层。通过测试，分别研究不同含量Ce O₂(质量分数0%～5%)对熔覆层物相组成、显微组织、显微硬度和耐磨性能的影响规律。结果添加Ce O₂后，熔覆层的物相主要包括Ti C、Ni₃Fe、Cr₇C₃、Cr₂₃C₆等，少量Ce O₂的加入未改变熔覆层内主要相的生成，在Ce O₂的质量分数为5%的条件下，在熔覆层中观测到Ce₂O₃相。当Ce O₂的质量分数为2%时，Ni45A-Ti C-Ce O₂复合涂层表面无渣、无裂纹、润湿角较小、宏观形貌最好，从表面到与基体结合处涂层的显微组织无枝晶，组织得到明显细化，Ti C...     

感应加热金刚石/镍基复合涂层微观组织与性能

采用感应加热的方式,在65Mn钢基体表面制备了金刚石质量分数为10%的复合镍基涂层,利用SEM、EPMA、XRD对钎涂接头的微观组织和相组成进行了分析,研究了感应钎涂中金刚石/钎料界面的元素扩散机制和形成机制。并利用干砂橡胶轮磨损试验机测试了涂层的耐磨性能,分析了金刚石/镍基涂层的耐磨增强机制。结果表明,钎涂层中钎料合金物相主要为Ni₄B₃、(Ni,Fe)固溶体、Ni₃Si₂、CrB;金刚石与钎料合金发生了冶金反应,金刚石/钎料合金界面的C元素分布促使金刚石表面出现了双层碳化物结构,分别为金刚石侧的Cr₃C₂和在Cr₃C₂表面生长的Cr₇C₃。金刚石复合涂层的耐磨性能显著优于钢基体,涂层60min磨损失重仅0.25g,为钢对比试样磨损失重的1/12,金刚石在磨损过程中起到了阻挡犁沟扩展的作用,涂层的失效机制为镍基合金磨损和金刚石的脱落。     

大气等离子喷涂NiCr/Cr3C2复合涂层的性能

采用化工冶金包覆、固相合金化和喷雾造粒技术制备了NiCr/Cr₃C₂复合粉体,并采用大气等离子喷涂技术制备了NiCr/Cr₃C₂复合涂层,采用SEM、显微硬度计、万能试验机和马弗炉对粉体和涂层的显微结构、涂层的显微硬度、结合强度和氧化性能进行了分析。结果显示:NiCr/Cr₃C₂涂层呈典型的层状结构,各层间结合良好,结合强度为(27.4±5) MPa,涂层显微硬度约850 HV0.2,为结合层显微硬度的2.7倍,涂层为典型的脆性断裂,断裂的位置发生在涂层的层与层之间。NiCr/Cr₃C₂涂层850 ℃氧化动力学曲线基本符合抛物线氧化规律。在氧化过程中涂层表面生产了氧化膜,且氧化膜会发生脱落,同时涂层内部出现了偏析现象,析出了金属Cr。     

Ti3SiC2含量对Q235B钢表面激光熔覆Fe基耐磨涂层性能的影响

采用激光熔覆技术在Q235B钢表面制备了不同Ti₃SiC₂含量的Fe55/Ti₃SiC₂复合涂层,并利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、硬度仪、摩擦磨损机和电化学工作站等研究了涂层的显微组织、物相及综合性能。结果表明:由于Ti₃SiC₂的加入及其在高温下分解降低了熔池的换热特性等综合因素,导致Fe55/Ti₃SiC₂复合涂层的晶粒粗化;随着Ti₃SiC₂的添加,Fe55/Ti₃SiC₂复合涂层中形成了Cr₇C₃、SiC、CrC和TiSi等硬质相,组织变得粗大,并且α-Fe相的尺寸粗大及含量增加,而复合涂层中产生的硬质相不足以抵消晶粒粗化以及α-Fe硬度较小而发生软化所降低的硬度,综合导致了复合涂层的硬度下降。Fe55/Ti₃SiC₂复合涂层中形成的金属硅化物TiSi具有良好的抗氧化性能,减小了氧化磨损中因氧化膜脆性和疏松产生的加剧磨损,因此,足以抵消因硬度降低以及摩擦系数增大的影响,使得Ti₃SiC₂添加量为2%的涂层具有最高的耐磨性。     

Microstructural characterization and abrasive wear performance of HVOF sprayed Cr3C2–NiCr coating

Cr₃C₂–NiCr coatings were deposited by high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) process with different spray parameters to examine dominant microstructural factors in abrasive wear of the coatings. The microstructure of the HVOF sprayed Cr₃C₂–NiCr coatings was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The apparent average size and volume fraction of carbide particles in the coatings were estimated through a quantitative imaging analysis. The formation of carbide phases in the coating was discussed based on the TEM observation results. The abrasive wear behavior of the coating was evaluated by the dry rubber wheel abrasive wear test and the wear mechanisms were elucidated. Influences of apparent size and volume fraction of carbide particles on the abrasive wear weight loss were examined through correlating the proposed relation with the experimental results. Results showed that Cr₃C₂ particle size was significantly reduced after the spraying and Cr₇C₃ carbide was present around Cr₃C₂ particles, and Cr₂₃C₆ carbide was dispersed in NiCr alloy matrix with a nano-crystalline structure. The three carbides were formed in the coating through different mechanisms. The removal of carbide particles in the coating was mainly responsible for the abrasive wear of the coating. The content and particle size of the Cr₃C₂ carbides were the two key factors controlling the abrasive wear of the HVOF sprayed Cr₃C₂–NiCr coatings.     

H13钢等离子堆焊Ni60A/Cr3C2覆层的磨损及热疲劳性能

采用等离子堆焊技术在H13钢基体表面上制备了Ni60A/Cr₃C₂堆焊覆层,研究了覆层的磨损行为和热疲劳性能。在600 ℃下销盘试验的结果表明,镍基碳化铬复合覆层的耐磨性是Ni60A堆焊覆层的2.8倍和基材H13钢的11.6倍。镍基覆层可以显著降低H13钢的摩擦因数,加入碳化铬则会削弱覆层的摩擦性能。随着磨损的进行,主要磨损机理从氧化磨损演变为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损。在800 ℃到室温下的热疲劳测试结果表明,镍基碳化铬复合覆层在48个热循环后疲劳裂纹达到200 μm,早于镍基覆层的62次。这说明高温氧化促进热疲劳裂纹的产生。碳化铬增强相从镍基上剥离,导致镍基复合覆层热疲劳性能下降。     

激光熔覆Ni-WC/Cr3C2涂层组织及性能

采用激光技术在45钢表面熔覆Ni-WC/Cr₃C₂涂层,采用SEM,XRD等手段进行熔覆层的显微组织、相组成及成分分析,并测试熔覆层的耐蚀性和耐磨性能.结果表明,Ni-WC/Cr₃C₂熔覆层底部生成方向性较强的胞状树枝晶,中上部组织为细小的树枝晶.涂层主要是由γ-(Fe, Ni),M₂₃C₆型碳化物以及未熔的WC颗粒组成.细晶强化、合金元素固溶强化以及碳化物强化的共同作用,使熔覆层的显微硬度提高至711HV0.1.熔覆层耐蚀性明显改善,腐蚀电流密度约为45钢的1/4.随着摩擦速度的增大,激光熔覆Ni-WC/Cr₃C₂涂层和45钢磨损量增加,且熔覆层的磨损量低于45钢,表明其耐磨性能明显提高.     

Laser cladding of stainless steel with Ni–Cr3C2 and Ni–WC for improving erosive–corrosive wear performance

The microstructure and the erosive–corrosive wear (ECW) performance of laser-clad Ni–Cr₃C₂ and Ni–WC coatings with overlapping clad tracks (OCT) on a 0.2% C martensitic stainless steel were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), XRD, EDX techniques and ECW testing. The coating produced by completely dissolving Cr₃C₂ particles in laser melted pool is composed of austenite (γ) dendrites surrounded by a γ-M₇C₃ eutectic, whereas another one is of granular solidifying structure in which contains the incompletely dissolved WC particles. The microhardness of Ni–WC coating is higher than that of Ni–Cr₃C₂, about 300 HV average. The main reason of microhardness difference is that two coatings have different solidified structure. The comparison of ECW tests found that the reduction of ECW rate dose not occur with the increase of hardness. The Ni–Cr₃C₂ coating with lower hardness has a lower ECW rate with respect to the Ni–WC one. Both average ECW rate decreased by approximately 30% and 60% as compared to that of stainless steel substrate, and both coatings had different ECW mechanism. The increase of ECW resistance is closely related to structure state, kind and amount of carbides, microhardness and toughening ability of the clad layer.     

PCrNi3Mo钢真空渗铬层的组织与性能

在真空条件下对PCrNi3Mo钢表面进行渗铬处理,采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、光学显微镜、自动显微硬度仪、干滑动摩擦及电化学腐蚀等手段分析了渗铬层的组织与性能。结果表明,PCrNi3Mo钢在真空渗铬处理后表面形成了一层由Cr₂₃C₆、Cr₇C₃和(Cr,Fe)₇C₃组成的化合物渗层,渗层致密且与基体结合良好。渗层深度、硬度、耐磨性以及耐腐蚀性均随渗铬保温时间的延长而提高。对工件进行12 h保温渗铬后得到的渗铬层厚度约为11 μm,表面硬度为1117.1 HV0.5,磨擦因数最低,其磨损量为0.1225 mg,自腐蚀电流密度比基体降低了2个数量级,综合性能最优。     

球形碳化钨增强钴基堆焊涂层的组织及低温耐磨性

目的提升低温钢的摩擦磨损性能,为极地特殊船板的焊补和延寿技术提供试验依据。方法利用等离子转移弧技术,在低温钢E32表面堆焊制备3组球形不同碳化钨含量的钴基涂层,比较该改性涂层和E32钢在低温条件下(–20℃)的摩擦磨损性能。通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析仪、3D光学轮廓仪等研究手段,分析碳化钨含量对堆焊层耐磨损性能和显微组织的影响规律,并揭示其耐磨损机理。结果在载荷为50 N、滑动速度为20 mm/s条件下,经2 h干滑动摩擦磨损后,3组涂层较低温钢E32的摩擦系数和体积磨损率均下降,磨痕的宽度和深度均变小。富含WC、W₂C增强相以及Cr₂₃C₆、Cr₇C₃、Co₆W₆C和Fe₆W₆C等碳化物硬质相的涂层,显著提升了E32钢的硬度和低温耐磨性。涂层的低温耐磨性能随着碳化钨含量的增大而提高,未添加碳化钨的涂层的主要磨损机理为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损,当碳化钨的质量分数为30%和60%时,主要磨损机理为三体磨粒磨损。结论通过在E32钢表面进行等离子转移弧堆焊,得到了结构致密、高硬度和抗低温耐磨性的球形碳化钨增强钴基表面改性涂层,在一定程度上提升了低温钢的服役寿命。     

Cr12MoV钢表面激光熔覆多层Ni基合金涂层的组织及性能

使用脉冲Nd:YAG激光器在Cr12MoV模具钢表面熔覆了Ni20Cr和Ni60A多层Ni基合金耐磨涂层,并使用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜及能谱仪分析了涂层的物相和显微组织。同时运用显微维氏硬度计以及高速往复摩擦磨损试验机对比分析了涂层与基体的硬度及耐磨性。结果表明,采用Ni20Cr作为打底层的多层Ni基合金涂层,能有效改善涂层与基体的冶金结合,大大减少涂层中的裂纹、气孔等缺陷。涂层表面物相主要为g-(Fe, Ni)、FeNi₃、BNi₃、Cr₃C₂以及Ni-Cr-Fe;涂层底部至表面的组织为胞状树枝晶、柱状树枝晶、择优生长树枝晶以及等轴树枝晶。Ni60A涂层大大提高了Cr12MoV模具钢的表面硬度,涂层表面显微硬度最高可达到1000 HV0.2,是基体的1.6倍。Ni60A涂层耐磨损性能明显优于基体,较基体提高了2.0~3.3倍。在Cr12MoV模具钢表面激光熔覆多层Ni基合金涂层后,形成了Cr₃C₂、Ni-Cr-Fe等硬质相,可有效提高其表面的硬度和耐磨性,起到降低模具在使用过程中因摩擦磨损而报废的概率,从而进一步延长模具的使用寿命。     

WC-Co based cemented carbides with large Cr3C2 additions

Five model alloys based on WC-16.6 vol% Co with different amounts of Cr₃C₂ (0–12 vol%) substituting WC were studied. Their microstructures were characterised with X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy in combination with energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Thermodynamic calculations on the C-Co-Cr-W system were carried out using the Thermo-Calc software. The microstructures were related to previously published results on properties (magnetic coercivity, hardness, transverse rupture strength and indentation fracture toughness) of these materials. The aim of this work was to investigate whether the positive effect of small Cr₃C₂ additions on grain refinement and various properties remains also for large Cr₃C₂ additions. For Cr₃C₂ additions larger than 2 vol%, the most obvious effect on the microstructure was the formation of a chromium- and cobalt-rich M₇C₃ carbide. The Cr/Co ratio of this phase depends on the amount of Cr₃C₂ substituting WC. Some large WC grains were present in the WC-Co material, but not in the materials with Cr₃C₂ additions. Apart from this, no major changes of the WC grain size with Cr₃C₂ content were observed. The partial replacement of tough binder by presumably brittle M₇C₃ carbide might explain the lower toughness of these materials.