Evolution of Two Types of α Plates in Tri-modal Microstructure of TA15 Alloy under Varying Processing Conditions

为了通过组织设计获得优异的性能,揭示TA15钛合金三态组织中的2种片层α相(次生片层α和转变β基体中细α条)的演化至关重要。采用等温压缩(在950,965和975℃),结合双重热处理(在压缩温度以下10~40℃进行第1次热处理,然后在810°C进行第2次热处理),研究了2种片层α相的演化规律。结果表明,在低于等温压缩温度以下10℃进行第1次热处理,可以获得单独分布的厚片层α相和细α条,这种细α条在第1次热处理后空冷具有集束的形态,而在第1次热处理后水冷具有针状形态。在低于等温压缩温度以下25℃进行第1次热处理,可以获得集束和网篮状的片层α相以及细α条。在低于等温压缩温度以下40℃进行第1次热处理,只能获得集束和网篮状的片层α相。另外,在第1次热处理温度相同的条件下,不同冷却方式对次生片层α相的形态影响较小。     

Effect of Laser Oscillation on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Laser Melting Deposition Titanium AlloysEI北大核心CSCD

针对激光熔化沉积冶金组织与缺陷,借鉴激光摆动焊接技术,提出一种激光摆动送粉增材制造TC4钛合金工艺,借助激光原位摆动改变熔池运动轨迹进而影响温度梯度和凝固速率,改善增材制造钛合金的微观组织。利用OM、SEM、EBSD和Vickers硬度计研究了激光摆动送粉增材制造工艺对TC4钛合金微观组织演变及力学性能的影响。结果表明,无摆动激光熔化沉积实验的最佳工艺参数为:激光功率1000 W,扫描速率8 mm/s,送粉速率6.92 g/min;直线型激光摆动的最佳工艺参数为:摆动频率200 Hz,摆动幅度1.5 mm。直线型激光摆动对熔池形貌改善显著,气孔和裂纹等缺陷较少,柱状晶数量和尺寸均有所减小,并且晶粒出现了等轴化的现象。相比无摆动样品,激光摆动后Ti-6Al-4V合金单道区域平均晶粒尺寸从5.20μm减小到4.37μm;硬度从418.00 HV提升到428.75 HV。     

Oxidation Behavior of K4750 Alloy at Temperatures Between 750 ℃and 1000 ℃

This study investigated the oxidation behavior of a new casting Ni-based superalloy K4750 at 750 ℃-1000 ℃ in air for 100 h-1000 h by isothermal oxidation tests.The oxidation-kinetic curves were plotted by the static discontinuous weight gain method.Observation and identification of oxidation products were conducted using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS),electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) was also used to analyze the chemical state of elements and the distribution in depth.The results showed that the oxidation-kinetic curves of K4750 alloy basically obeyed the parabolic law.The average oxidation rate below 900 ℃ was less than 0.1 g/m2.h which meant the alloy was at a complete anti-oxidation grade,and the alloy was at an anti-oxidation grade at 1000 ℃.The predominant surface oxide was Cr2O3,and a double layer structure of the oxide scale was observed at all tested temperatures as time increased.The outer oxide layer contained continuous Cr2O3 and a small amount of oxides mixed TiO2 and NiCr2O4,while the inner oxide layer was composed with Al2O3.The oxidation process could be interpreted by the competitive oxidation of different elements.The diffusion rate of Ti through Cr2O3 layer increased with increasing temperature,and thus the generation of TiO2 was advantageous.The dispersed TiO2 reaching a certain amount destroyed the continuity of the surface oxide layer,which accounted for the reduction of oxidation resistance of K4750 alloy at high temperatures.     

Microstructure Evolution of Extruded Mg-6Gd Alloy Under 175 ℃ and 150 MPa

The tensile creep behavior of extruded Mg-6 Gd alloy,having the tensile yield strength of～ 110 MPa at 175 ℃,has been investigated under 175 ℃ and 150 MPa. In this study, the extruded Mg-6 Gd sample exhibits the total tensile strain of ～10.5% after the creep time of 1100 h,and the fast plastic strain of ～4.6% at the beginning of the creep test. The microstructure result suggests that the dislocation deformation is the main deformation mode during creep, and the grains with orientation close to(0001) II ED disappear after creep. The creep process containing a low creep strain has no effective promotion for the precipitation compared with the aging process without strain. The origination of creep crack is related to the formation of precipitate-free zone during creep. The work offers an important implication to research the microstructure evolution under an applied stress in a weak aging response Mg alloy.     

Precipitation Behavior of α Phase and Mechanical Properties in Severely Plastic Deformed Ti-15-3 Alloy

研究了大变形量冷轧Ti-15-3合金的时效析出行为和时效过程中力学性能的变化。冷变形使Ti-15-3合金中形成部分纳米晶。冷变形合金在450～650℃时效时,从β相纳米晶区析出极为细小的针状α相,而从β相非纳米晶区析出的α相随着时效温度的升高由针状逐渐长大为条状,进而演变为凸透镜状。冷变形合金在450℃时效4h后,硬度达到了峰值,HV为5328MPa。450℃时效时在硬度峰值处同样达到了强度峰值,屈服强度和抗拉强度分别可高达1483和1562MPa。时效温度升高,达到峰值硬度的时间缩短,硬度值大幅度下降。650℃时效后的强度和硬度均低于时效前,粗大的透镜状析出相、纳米晶的长大以及位错密度的急剧下降是650℃时效时硬化效果消失的主要原因。不同时效工艺下的强度和硬度的变化规律相似,性能的变化与时效过程中析出相的状态有关。     

Experimental Investigation on the LCF Behavior Affected by Manufacturing Defects and Creep Damage of One Selective Laser Melting Nickel-Based Superalloy at 815℃

Uniaxial tensile tests and stress-controlled low-cycle fatigue(LCF) and creep-fatigue interaction(CFI) tests of Inconel 625 alloy manufactured by selective laser melting(SLM) were performed at 815℃ in air environments.The microstructure was characterized by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy after testing.The results confirmed that significant embrittlement and large scatter in LCF life are resulted from manufacturing defects.The CFI life is decreased sharply to approximately dozens of cycles with the accumulated creep strain;however,the selected dwell time(i.e.,60 s and 300 s)exhibits low sensitivity to the fracture time and elongation to failure.The embrittlement of SLM Inconel 625 was proposed to be due to the low grain uniformity and precipitation of carbides at the grain boundaries.Due to the quality of the SLM process,the accelerated initiation and propagation of fatigue crack are caused by the present unmelted powder particles,which result in the large dispersion of LCF life.Meanwhile,due to the accumulation of creep damage,cracks in the CFI test are initiated along the grain boundaries and then linked together,contributing to a significant decline in fatigue life.     

Competition Growth of α and β Phases in Ti-50 at.%Al Peritectic Alloy during the Rapid Solidification by Laser Melting Technique

Rapid solidification of Ti-50 at.%Al peritectic alloy is realized by laser melting technique at diferent conditions of laser power and scanning speed.The temperature field and the cooling rate under the corresponding conditions are derived from the finite element simulation.Comparing the measured pool size with the simulated result,the laser absorptivity of Ti-50 at.%Al peritectic alloy at diferent conditions can be deduced to establish the relationships between the laser absorptivity,the laser power and the scanning speed.The morphology evolution and the phase selection of Ti-50 at.%Al peritectic alloy are described by the temperature gradient and the cooling rate.With the increase of temperature gradient and cooling rate,βphase replacesαphase to become the leading growth phase.And the growth ofαphase experiences the transition from facet to non-facet manner,whileβphase is refined.To understand the underlying mechanism of the competition growth can bring benefit to the industrial application of Ti-Al alloy.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of a New α+β- Type Mg-9Li-3Al-2.5Sr Alloy

采用传统铸造方法分别制备了Φ10 mm和Φ90 mm Mg-9Li-3Al-2.5Sr(LAJ932)合金锭。在挤压温度260℃,挤压比28条件下对Φ90 mm合金锭进行挤压。分别分析和报道了铸态和挤压态LAJ932镁合金的微观组织和力学性能。探讨了该合金在挤压过程中的组织演变规律。研究结果表明:铸态和挤压态LAJ932镁合金均包括α-Mg(hcp)相,β-Li(bcc)相和Al4Sr相。Φ10 mm铸锭的组织比Φ90 mm铸锭组织细小得多。挤压过程中α-Mg相发生连续动态再结晶,而β-Li相发生非连续动态再结晶。挤压过程中,在hcpα-Mg相中形成{10 1 0}<10 1 0>织构,而bccβ-Li相中则形成{110}<101>织构。挤压过程中,LAJ932镁合金的强度和塑性均得到改善。挤压态Mg-9Li-3Al-2.5Sr(LAJ932)合金的抗拉强度达到235 MPa,屈服强度为221 MPa,延伸率为19.4%,合金展现出良好的力学性能。     

Hot Workability and Microstructure Evolution of TiAl Alloy in (α2+γ) Dual-phase Field

为了利用现有的高温合金锻造设备实现TiAl合金的包套锻造,对Ti-43Al-4Nb-1Mo-0.1B合金在 (α2+γ) 两相区的热成形能力进行了研究。结果表明,当温度下降到 (α2+γ) 两相区时,合金的热成形能力明显下降,只能在1050 ℃以上温度以0.001 s-1的应变速率进行变形;当温度低于1050 ℃时,试样发生开裂;当温度升高或应变速率降低时,组织中形成更多的动态再结晶晶粒,裂纹消失。然而,当试样采用厚度为1.5 mm的不锈钢进行包套后,合金的热成形能力大大改善,可以在1050~1150 ℃以0.1 s-1的应变速率进行均匀变形,该变形条件更加有利于充分利用当前的工业锻造设备。同未包套试样相比,在相同变形条件下,包套试样中的动态再结晶晶粒较少。     

Effects of Passes on Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Mg–Gd–Y–Zn–Zr Alloy During Multidirectional Forging

The multidirectional forging(MDF) process was conducted at temperature of 753 K to optimize the mechanical properties of as-homogenized Mg–13 Gd–4 Y–2 Zn–0.6 Zr alloy containing long-period stacking ordered phase. The effects of MDF passes on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties were also investigated. The results show that both the volume fraction of dynamic recrystallization(DRX) grains and mechanical properties of the deformed alloy enhanced with MDF passes increasing till seven passes. The average grain size decreased from 76 to 2.24 lm after seven passes, while the average grain size increased to 7.12 lm after nine passes. The microstructure after seven passes demonstrated randomly oriented fine DRX grains and larger basal(0001)\11"20[ Schmid factor of 0.31. The superior mechanical properties at room temperature(RT) with ultimate tensile strength(UTS) of 416 MPa and fracture elongation of 4.12% can be obtained after seven passes. The mechanical properties at RT after nine passes are inferior to those after seven passes due to the coarsening of DRX grains, which can be ascribed to the static recovery resulting from the repeated heating at the interval of MDF passes. The elevated temperature mechanical properties of the deformed alloy after seven passes and nine passes were investigated. When test temperature was below 523 K, the elevated temperature tensile yield strength and UTS after seven passes are superior to those after nine passes, while they are inferior to that after nine passes as temperature exceeds523 K.     

The Effect of Microstructural Evolution on Hardening Behavior of 2205 Stainless Steel in Long-Term Aging at 500 °C

The effect of microstructural evolution on hardening behavior of 2205 stainless steel in long-term aging at 500 °C was studied by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope. The results showed that the hardness of ferrite phase in matrix steadily increased with the aging time at the first stage of 4 months, presented a peak of hardness at about 5 months, and showed a downward trend for the aging time from 6 to 8 months, while the hardness of the austenitic phase remained constant. Analysis showed that the iron-rich α phase and the Cr-rich α′ phase generated by spinodal decomposition, Cr₂N precipitations, and Fe₂Mn (R-phase) were the main reasons for the generation of peak in hardness of ferrite phase. Further studies showed that some dislocation structure (changing with the aging time) in δ-ferrite of matrix is related to the microstructural evolution.     

Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Selective Laser Melted Alloy Ti – 6% Al – 4% V

Metal Science and Heat Treatment - The effect of annealing at 700, 800, 900 and 1000°C on the microstructure and mechanical properties of alloy Ti – 6% Al – 4% V obtained by...     

Effect of Phase Transformation During Long-Term Solution Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties,and Bio-corrosion Behavior of Mg–5Zn–1.5Y Cast Alloy

The influence of long-term solution treatment for various intervals on the microstructure,mechanical properties,and corrosion resistance of the as-cast Mg–5Zn–1.5Y alloy was investigated.Variation of secondary phases was studied during solution treatment through thermal analysis test and thermodynamic calculations.Tensile and hardness tests,as well as polarization and immersion tests,were performed to evaluate the mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of the ascast and heat-treated alloy,respectively.Results show that solution treatment transforms I-phaseinto W-phaseas well as dissolves it into the a-Mg matrix to some extent;therefore,the amount of W-phase increases.Moreover,prolonged solution treatment decreases the volume fraction of the phases.In the first stage of solution treatment for 14 h,the tensile properties significantly increase due to the incomplete phase transformation.Although long-term solution treatment sharply decreases the tensile and hardness properties of the alloy,it improves the corrosion resistance due to the transformation of I-phase into W-phase.In fact,it decreases corrosion potential and simultaneously dissolves intermetallic compounds into the a-Mg matrix,resulting in the reduction in galvanic microcells between the matrix and compounds.It is found that the optimum time for long-term solution treatment is 14 h,which improves both corrosion behavior and mechanical properties.     

In-Situ Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of Nickel-Base 718 Alloy Under Various CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> Partial Pressures at 150 and 205 °C in NaCl Solution

The electrochemical corrosion behavior of nickel-base alloy 718 was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization techniques at various partial pressures of CO₂ (\(P_{{{\text{CO}}_{2} }}\)s) in a 25 wt% NaCl solution at 150 and 205 °C. The passive films composed of FeCO₃ exhibit good corrosion resistance with a feature of Warburg impedance, Tafel plots show a complete passivation and the anodic reactions was dominated by a diffusion process at low \(P_{{{\text{CO}}_{2} }}\)s (1.8–9.8 MPa) at 150 °C. While numerous dented corrosion areas appeared on the sample surface for the \(P_{{{\text{CO}}_{2} }}\) of 11.6 MPa at 205 °C, the Tafel plot with three anodic peaks and the Nyquist diagram with an atrophied impedance arc were present. This dented corrosion attribute to the synergistic effects of stress, temperature, \(P_{{{\text{CO}}_{2} }}\) and Cl^?, the temperature and stress could play crucial roles on the corrosion of the alloy 718.     

Oxidation behavior of temary Fe- 15Cu-5Al and Fe-85Cu-5Al alloys in pure oxygen at 900℃

The oxidation of two two-phase ternary Fe-Cu-Al alloys containing about 5%（mole fraction） aluminium, one Fe-rich and one Cu-rich, has been studied at 900 ℃ in 1~105 Pa pure oxygen. The Fe-rich Fe-15Cu-5Al alloy presents two quasi-parabolic stages, with a large decrease of the parabolic rate constant after about 50min. The presence of 5% Al greatly reduces the oxidation rate of this alloy with respect to a binary Fe-Cu alloy of similar composition by forming an external protective Al203 layer, which is present near the scale/alloy interface. Due to the high stress-growth effect, this thin Al203 layer cannot completely prevent further oxidation of the alloy underneath. On the contrary, the Cu-rich Fe-85Cu-5Al alloy presents a single parabolic stage and forms a thick and porous external scale, coupled to the internal oxidation of Fe and Al. As a result, the oxidation of Cu-rich alloy at 900 ℃ is much faster than that of the Fe-rich alloy.